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Kadlcikova D, Musilova P, Hradska H, Vozdova M, Petrovova M, Svoboda M, Rubes J. Chromosomal damage in occupationally exposed health professionals assessed by two cytogenetic methods. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2022; 78:158-169. [PMID: 36073861 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2022.2118213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed occupationally induced chromosomal damage in hospital personnel at risk of exposure to antineoplastic drugs and/or low doses of ionizing radiation by two cytogenetic methods. Cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of eighty-five hospital workers were examined twice over 2 to 3 years by classical chromosomal aberration analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The comparison of the 1st and the 2nd sampling of hospital workers showed a significant increase in chromatid and chromosomal aberrations (all p < .05) examined by classical chromosomal aberration analysis, and in unstable aberrations (all p < .05) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Both cytogenetic methods were able to detect an increase of unstable aberrations in the 2nd sampling. The raised frequency of unstable cytogenetic parameters suggested higher recent exposure to genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Kadlcikova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Musilova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hradska
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Petrovova
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Lehocká H, Závacká I, Vavrošová J, Janout V. The results of interconnection of the evidence of professional exposure to genotoxic factors (regex) and cancer registry in the Czech Republic. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:185-188. [PMID: 28248636 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the genotoxic risks in the Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic and assess the significance of genotoxic factors in the etiology of cancer by bringing together the Registry of Occupational Exposure to Genotoxic Factors and the Cancer Registry and compare the rate of detected cancer in persons exposed to genotoxic factors via their work in the Moravian-Silesian Region with the occurrence of cancer in the population of the Czech Republic. The results show: (a) For the monitored group (748 person) for the period 1996-2008, according to gender, was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of oncological diseases compared to the population of the Czech Republic. (b) But statistically significant difference was found in the cases of oncological diseases in groups according to % AB.C. using the Cytogenetic analysis of human peripheral lymphocytes (CAPL). The highest incidence was in the group with a higher incidence of % AB.C. High values of % AB.C. may predict the development of oncological diseases.
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Lourenço J, Mendo S, Pereira R. Radioactively contaminated areas: Bioindicator species and biomarkers of effect in an early warning scheme for a preliminary risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:503-542. [PMID: 27343869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about the impacts on public health and on the natural environment have been raised regarding the full range of operational activities related to uranium mining and the rest of the nuclear fuel cycle (including nuclear accidents), nuclear tests and depleted uranium from military ammunitions. However, the environmental impacts of such activities, as well as their ecotoxicological/toxicological profile, are still poorly studied. Herein, it is discussed if organisms can be used as bioindicators of human health effects, posed by lifetime exposure to radioactively contaminated areas. To do so, information was gathered from several studies performed on vertebrates, invertebrate species and humans, living in these contaminated areas. The retrieved information was compared, to determine which are the most used bioindicators and biomarkers and also the similarities between human and non-human biota responses. The data evaluated are used to support the proposal for an early warning scheme, based on bioindicator species and on the most sensitive and commonly shared biomarkers, to perform a screening evaluation of radioactively contaminated sites. This scheme could be used to support decision-making for a deeper evaluation of risks to human health, making it possible to screen a large number of areas, without disturbing and alarming local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto & CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research & GreenUP/CITAB-UP, Porto, Portugal
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Gricienė B, Slapšytė G, Mierauskienė J. Cytogenetic monitoring of nuclear workers occupationally exposed to ionising radiation. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 159:10-19. [PMID: 24748484 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome aberration (CA) analysis using Giemsa techniques was performed in blood lymphocytes of 84 nuclear workers with cumulative doses of 1-632 mSv during employment periods of 1-25 y. The control group comprised 82 healthy male donors. An estimated CA frequency in the total radiation-exposed group was significantly higher when compared with the controls (2.27 vs. 1.76 CA/100 cells, p < 0.05). CA analyses revealed no significant differences between workers with external gamma radiation exposure and the controls (1.60 vs. 1.76 CA/100 cells, p > 0.05). However, significant increase in the total CA frequency was determined in workers with additional internal exposure (2.54 CA/100 cells, p < 0.05) and those with registered neutron doses (2.95 CA/100 cells, p < 0.01). No correlation was found between CA frequency and occupational exposure dose. Borderline significant correlation was found between duration of employment and total CA (r = 0.218, p = 0.046, Fig. 2) and chromosome-type aberration (r = 0.265, p = 0.015) frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gricienė
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Physics of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškių 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - G Slapšytė
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J Mierauskienė
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Sakly A, Gaspar JF, Kerkeni E, Silva S, Teixeira JP, Chaari N, Ben Cheikh H. Genotoxic damage in hospital workers exposed to ionizing radiation and metabolic gene polymorphisms. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:934-946. [PMID: 22788378 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.690710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Of all workers exposed globally to synthetic sources of radiation, medical personnel represent the largest group, but receive relatively low doses. Accidental or therapeutic acute radiation exposure of humans was observed to induce various forms of cytogenetic damage, including the possibility of increasing the incidence of micronuclei (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CA). The aim of this study was to assess occupationally induced chromosomal damage in a large population of hospital workers exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR). The cytokinesis-block MN and comet assays were used to examine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 31 exposed workers to IR and 33 control subjects corresponding in gender, age, and smoking. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) are postulated to be involved in the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous genotoxicants. The association between these biomarkers and polymorphic genes of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes was thus also assessed. MN frequency was significantly higher in the exposed subjects compared controls. Comet assay results showed a significant increase of tail length in workers exposed to IR. Data obtained suggest that GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphism do not modify significantly the genotoxic potential of IR. Therefore, the exposed medical personnel need to carefully apply radiation protection procedures and minimize, as low as possible, IR exposure to avoid possible genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Sakly
- Laboratory of Genetics, University School of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Batra V, Devasagayam TPA. Interaction between γ-radiation and dietary folate starvation metabolically reprograms global hepatic histone H3 methylation at lysine 4 and lysine 27 residues. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:464-72. [PMID: 22154853 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the regulatory control of histone H3 methylation at lysine 4 (H3K4) and lysine 27 (H3K27) residues in response to the effect of folate deficiency and gamma (γ)-radiation. Male Swiss mice maintained on folate sufficient diet (FSD) and folate free diet (FFD) based on AIN-93M formula, were subjected to 2-4 Gy total body γ-irradiation. There was a significant decrease in liver folate levels with concomitant depletion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) reserves. Folate deficiency and γ-radiation together induced H3K4 histone methyltransferase (H3K4HMTase) and suppressed H3K27 histone methyltransferase (H3K27HMTase) activities in a dose and time dependent manner. Our studies suggested radiation induced metabolic reprogramming of H3K4/H3K27 methylation patterns in FFD animals. We showed that radiation toxicity diverted one-carbon (C1) flux in FFD fed animals towards H3K4 methylation. Present work on methylation pattern of histone lysine residues gains particular importance as methylation of H3K4 residues is associated with euchromatin while methylated H3K27 residues promote gene silencing. In conclusion, our study suggests that maintenance of genomic histone methylation under γ-radiation stress might be a very dynamic, progressive process that could be modulated by dietary folate deficiency leading to formation of epigenetically reprogrammed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipen Batra
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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Sal’nikova LE, Chumachenko AG, Lapteva NS, Vesnina IN, Kuznetsova GI, Rubanovich AV. Allelic variants of polymorphic genes associated with a higher frequency of chromosome aberrations. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sal’nikova LE, Chumachenko AG, Vesnina IN, Lapteva NS, Kuznetsova GI, Abilev SK, Rubanovich AV. Polymorphism of repair genes and cytogenetic radiation effects. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ivanova TI, Kondrashova TV, Krikunova LI, Smirnova IA, Shentereva NI, Sychenkova NI, Rykova EV, Zharikova IA, Khorokhorina VA, Ryabchenko NI, Zamulaeva IA. Polymorphism of genes for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and hemochromatosis (HFE) in residents of radiocontaminated regions varying in chromosome aberration frequency. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350910060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Sal’nikova LE, Chumachenko AG, Akayeva EA, Kuznetsova GI, Vesnina IN, Lapteva NS, Abilev SK, Rubanovich AV. Somatic mutagenesis in human lymphocytes depending on genotypes for detoxification and oxidative response loci. RUSS J GENET+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795410120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bagryantseva Y, Novotna B, Rossner P, Chvatalova I, Milcova A, Svecova V, Lnenickova Z, Solansky I, Sram RJ. Oxidative damage to biological macromolecules in Prague bus drivers and garagemen: impact of air pollution and genetic polymorphisms. Toxicol Lett 2010; 199:60-8. [PMID: 20723587 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA integrity was investigated in the lymphocytes of 50 bus drivers, 20 garagemen and 50 controls using the comet assay with excision repair enzymes. In parallel, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and 15-F(2t)-isoprostane levels in the urine and protein carbonyl levels in the plasma were assessed as markers of oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. Exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) and volatile compounds was measured by personal samplers for 48 and 24h, respectively, before the collection of biological specimens. Both exposed groups exhibited a higher levels of DNA instability and oxidative damage to biological macromolecules than the controls. The incidence of oxidized lesions in lymphocyte DNA, but not the urinary levels of 8-oxodG, correlated with exposure to benzene and triglycerides increased this damage. Oxidative damage to lipids and proteins was associated with exposure to cPAHs and the lipid peroxidation levels positively correlated with age and LDL cholesterol, and negatively with vitamin C. The carriers of at least one variant hOGG1 (Cys) allele tended to higher oxidative damage to lymphocyte DNA than those with the wild genotype, while XPD23 (Gln/Gln) homozygotes were more susceptible to the induction of DNA strand breaks. In contrast, GSTM1 null variant seemed to protect DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Bagryantseva
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
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Catalán J, Heilimo I, Falck GCM, Järventaus H, Rosenström P, Nykyri E, Kallas-Tarpila T, Pitkämäki L, Hirvonen A, Norppa H. Chromosomal aberrations in railroad transit workers: effect of genetic polymorphisms. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:304-316. [PMID: 19177501 DOI: 10.1002/em.20458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Complex chemical mixtures are transported by train from Russia to Finland for further shipment. Here, we studied if exposure to genotoxic components among these substances could affect chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in peripheral lymphocytes of workers handling the tank cars. An initial survey among 48 railroad workers and 39 referents (male smokers and nonsmokers) showed an elevation of CAs. A campaign was started to reduce exposures through preventive measures. Five years later, 51 tank car workers and 40 age-matched referents (all nonsmoking men) were studied for CAs and genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism (EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, NAT1, NAT2), DNA repair (ERCC2, ERCC5, XPA, XPC, XRCC1, XRCC3), and folate metabolism (MTHFR, MTR). No increase in CAs was seen in the exposed group, suggesting that the preventive measures had been successful. However, a positive association existed between exposure duration and CA level among the exposed subjects. The level of chromosome-type breaks was actually lower in the exposed workers than the referents, particularly among MTHFR wild-type homozygotes or XRCC3 codon 241 variant allele carriers, suggesting modulation of CA frequency by folate metabolism and DNA repair. An interaction was observed between the occupational exposure and MTHFR, EPHX1, and MTR genotypes in determining CA level. The NAT2, ERCC2 exon 10, and XRCC1 codon 194 polymorphisms also affected CA frequency. Our findings suggest that handling of tank cars containing complex chemical mixtures poses a genotoxic risk, which may be reduced by preventive measures. Several genetic polymorphisms seem to modify the genotoxic effect or baseline CA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Catalán
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki and Lappeenranta, Finland
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Sigurdson AJ, Ha M, Hauptmann M, Bhatti P, Sram RJ, Beskid O, Tawn EJ, Whitehouse CA, Lindholm C, Nakano M, Kodama Y, Nakamura N, Vorobtsova I, Oestreicher U, Stephan G, Yong LC, Bauchinger M, Schmid E, Chung HW, Darroudi F, Roy L, Voisin P, Barquinero JF, Livingston G, Blakey D, Hayata I, Zhang W, Wang C, Bennett LM, Littlefield LG, Edwards AA, Kleinerman RA, Tucker JD. International study of factors affecting human chromosome translocations. Mutat Res 2008; 652:112-21. [PMID: 18337160 PMCID: PMC2696320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome translocations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal, healthy humans increase with age, but the effects of gender, race, and cigarette smoking on background translocation yields have not been examined systematically. Further, the shape of the relationship between age and translocation frequency (TF) has not been definitively determined. We collected existing data from 16 laboratories in North America, Europe, and Asia on TFs measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization whole chromosome painting among 1933 individuals. In Poisson regression models, age, ranging from newborns (cord blood) to 85 years, was strongly associated with TF and this relationship showed significant upward curvature at older ages versus a linear relationship (p<0.001). Ever smokers had significantly higher TFs than non-smokers (rate ratio (RR)=1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.30) and smoking modified the effect of age on TFs with a steeper age-related increase among ever smokers compared to non-smokers (p<0.001). TFs did not differ by gender. Interpreting an independent effect of race was difficult owing to laboratory variation. Our study is three times larger than any pooled effort to date, confirming a suspected curvilinear relationship of TF with age. The significant effect of cigarette smoking has not been observed with previous pooled studies of TF in humans. Our data provide stable estimates of background TF by age, gender, race, and smoking status and suggest an acceleration of chromosome damage above age 60 and among those with a history of smoking cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J. Sigurdson
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mina Ha
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Bioinformatics and Statistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Radim J. Sram
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Health, Institute of Central Bohemia, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Beskid
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Health, Institute of Central Bohemia, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. Janet Tawn
- University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), Faculty of Health, Preston, UK
| | | | | | - Mimako Nakano
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoshiaki Kodama
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nori Nakamura
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ursula Oestreicher
- Laboratory of Radiation Genetics, Central Research Institute of Roentgenology and Radiology, Russia
| | - Günther Stephan
- Laboratory of Radiation Genetics, Central Research Institute of Roentgenology and Radiology, Russia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lee C. Yong
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, (BfS), Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Bauchinger
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ernst Schmid
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hai Won Chung
- GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Firouz Darroudi
- Seoul National University, Dept. of Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Laurence Roy
- Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Phillipe Voisin
- Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joan F. Barquinero
- Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - David Blakey
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chunyan Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - L. Michelle Bennett
- National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - L. Gayle Littlefield
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alan A. Edwards
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ruth A. Kleinerman
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James D. Tucker
- Health Protection Agency, Radiation Protection Division formerly the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB), Didcot, UK
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Topinka J, Sevastyanova O, Binkova B, Chvatalova I, Milcova A, Lnenickova Z, Novakova Z, Solansky I, Sram RJ. Biomarkers of air pollution exposure--a study of policemen in Prague. Mutat Res 2007; 624:9-17. [PMID: 17493640 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exposure to organic compounds adsorbed onto respirable air particles (<2.5microm) on DNA adducts in lymphocytes was studied in a group of non-smoking policemen (N=109, aged 35+/-0.9 years) working in the downtown area of Prague and spending >8h daily outdoors. Personal exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) adsorbed on respirable particles was monitored in each subject for 48h before biological sampling. DNA adducts were analyzed by a (32)P-postlabelling assay, and total DNA adduct levels and B[a]P-like spots were determined. Further biomarkers included cotinine levels in urine to control for exposure to tobacco smoke, plasma levels of vitamins A, E and C and polymorphisms of metabolic genotypes (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, CYP 1A1-Msp I and Ile/Val, MTHFR, MS), DNA repair genotypes (XRCC1, hOGG1 and XPD exons 6 and 23) and the p53 gene (p53 Msp I and BstU I). All the biomarkers of exposure and effect were analyzed repeatedly during a period of one year at 2-3 month intervals (January, March, June, September 2004) to cover periods with high (winter) and low (summer) levels of air pollution. The highest personal exposure to c-PAHs was found in January (8.1+/-8.8ng/m(3)), while the other three sampling periods exhibited 3-4-fold lower c-PAH exposure. The total DNA adducts were only slightly elevated in January (2.08+/-1.60) compared to March (1.66+/-0.65), June (1.96+/-1.73) and September (1.77+/-1.77). B[a]P-like DNA adducts, however, were significantly higher in January than in the March and June sampling periods (0.26+/-0.14 vs. 0.19+/-0.12 and 0.22+/-0.13, respectively; p<0.0001 and p=0.017) indicating that c-PAH exposure probably plays a crucial role in DNA adduct formation in lymphocytes. No effect of individual metabololic or DNA repair genotypes on DNA adduct levels was observed. However, the combination of two genotypes encoding enzymes metabolizing c-PAHs - CYP 1A1 and GSTM1 - was associated with the levels of total and B[a]P-like DNA adducts under conditions of increased exposure to c-PAHs. Our study suggests that DNA adducts in the lymphocytes of subjects exposed to increased c-PAH levels are an appropriate biomarker of a biologically effective dose, directly indicating whether or not the extent of exposure to these compounds is related to an increased mutagenic and carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Topinka
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and the Health Institute of Central Bohemia, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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15
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Topinka J, Hertz-Picciotto I, Dostal M, Chvatalova I, Yap PS, Herr CEW, Greenfield T, Sram RJ. The DNA repair gene XPD/ERCC2 polymorphisms Arg156Arg (exon 6) and Lys751Gln (exon 23) are closely associated. Toxicol Lett 2007; 172:85-9. [PMID: 17604576 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the context of a molecular epidemiology study dealing with the effects of individual genetic susceptibility on childhood respiratory morbidity, DNA repair genotypes for the XPD/ERCC2 gene in exon 6 (Arg156Arg) and exon 23 (Lys751Gln) have been analyzed by PCR/RFLP assays in DNA samples isolated from the fetal parts of placentas. The study was performed using a cohort of 729 children born in 1994-1998 in two districts of the Czech Republic. On the basis of these data, we tested the association between the two genotypes. The principal finding of this study is that the exon 6 and exon 23 polymorphisms in the XPD/ERCC2 gene are tightly associated, with persons who are homozygous CC in exon 23 being mostly (81%) homozygous CC in exon 6, and persons homozygous AA in exon 6 mostly (88%) homozygous AA in exon 23. This strong association may have serious consequences for the interpretation of cancer susceptibility and other molecular epidemiology studies dealing with the XPD6 and XPD23 genotypes, since the observed effects of the silent XPD6 polymorphism might be, in fact, the result of XPD23 polymorphism, which is connected with an amino acid substitution in the resulting XPD protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Topinka
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Novotna B, Topinka J, Solansky I, Chvatalova I, Lnenickova Z, Sram RJ. Impact of air pollution and genotype variability on DNA damage in Prague policemen. Toxicol Lett 2007; 172:37-47. [PMID: 17590289 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA integrity was analyzed in the lymphocytes of 65 non-smoking city policemen during January and September 2004 using the comet assay combined with excision repair enzymes. Information about inhalation exposure was obtained by (1) stationary monitoring of PM2.5 and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) during the sampling periods and (2) personal exposure monitoring of cPAHs 48h before blood sampling. The data were completed by a lifestyle questionnaire. Regardless of the season of the year, policemen working outdoors (exposed group) exhibited higher levels of DNA damage than those working indoors (controls). Within the exposed group, the levels of both unspecified and oxidative DNA damage detected in January significantly exceeded those found in September. The controls did not show analogous inter-seasonal variability. The winter levels of oxidative DNA damage positively correlated with exposure to cPAHs, probably reflecting increased oxidative stress as a result of high concentrations of PM2.5. In comparison with the wild type genotype, the carriers of at least one mutated allele, CYP1A1*2C (Ile/Val), MTHFR 2656 or MS 2656, and the EPHX1-medium phenotype appeared to be more susceptible specifically to the induction of oxidative DNA damage, while the p53 MspI mutation predisposed the carrier to a higher incidence of both breaks and oxidative lesions in DNA. In contrast, GSTM1-null and vitamin C tended rather to protect DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Novotna
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Health Institute of Central Bohemia, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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Sram RJ, Rössner P, Beskid O, Bavorova H, Ocadlikova D, Solansky I, Albertini RJ. Chromosomal aberration frequencies determined by conventional methods: Parallel increases over time in the region of a petrochemical industry and throughout the Czech Republic. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 166:239-44. [PMID: 17070509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The rationale for cytogenetic monitoring to determine if safe maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of genotoxic chemicals are being maintained in a workplace is that exposure levels that do not increase chromosomal aberration frequencies are without harmful effects. Such monitoring, widely used in occupational health programs in the Czech Republic (CR), includes workers exposed to 1,3-butadiene (BD) or other chemicals. Studies of BD exposed workers in the years 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998, and 2004 compared mean frequencies of cells carrying chromosomal aberrations (frequency of aberrant cells=%AB.C.) in exposed workers with those in non-exposed matched controls in the same plant or in other individuals living in the region of the same petrochemical industry. Workers potentially exposed to acrylonitrile at this site were also evaluated in 2000, along with another unexposed matched control group. The %AB.C. values of exposed workers and their controls were also compared with reference values determined for normal individuals (ages 20-59 years) throughout the CR. Substantial discrepancies were noted between subjects in the region of the petrochemical industry (exposed workers and controls) for the years 2000 and 2004 and the reference CR-wide normal values that had been determined during an earlier time period. The matched non-exposed controls at the petrochemical industry site showed a mean %AB.C. value of 1.56+/-1.23% (N=25) in 1998; this rose to a mean of 2.65+/-2.29% (N=33) in 2000. In 2004, values for non-exposed matched controls at the industry site were 2.64+/-1.75% for males (N=25) and 2.38+/-1.74% (N=26) for females. However, the earlier determined CR-wide %AB.C. mean reference values for normal individuals were 1.77+/-1.16% (N=1305) for the interval 1977-1988 and 1.45+/-1.17% (N=2140) for the interval 1991-1999. As both reference values are substantially lower than those determined in 2000 and 2004 for the non-exposed matched controls at the petrochemical industry site, an analysis of the CR-wide mean normal individual reference values for this same 2000-2004 period was conducted. Unexpectedly, it was found that this reference value too had risen to 1.95+/-1.36% (N=1045) and was comparable to the concurrent matched control values at the petrochemical industry site where the monitoring studies were conducted. This substantial increase in %AB.C. values in 2000 and 2004, therefore, has occurred throughout the CR and is probably unrelated to chemicals uniquely present at the petrochemical industry site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim J Sram
- Institute of Experimental Medicine ASCR and Health Institute of Central Bohemia, Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Hernández A, Xamena N, Gutiérrez S, Velázquez A, Creus A, Surrallés J, Galofré P, Marcos R. Basal and induced micronucleus frequencies in human lymphocytes with different GST and NAT2 genetic backgrounds. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2006; 606:12-20. [PMID: 16621679 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Basal and induced frequencies of genetic damage can be modulated by different host factors, including genes involved in phase II metabolism. Since polymorphic variants in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) and N-acetyl transferase (NAT) genes have been associated with cancer risk, we explored the possible links between GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1 and NAT2 variants and the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in human lymphocytes. This exploratory study was carried out in 30 thyroid cancer patients, before and after receiving an average dose of 109.9+/-1.3 mCi radioactive iodine as a co-adjuvant therapy. The results indicate that none of the polymorphisms studied show any kind of association with the basal level of micronuclei. When the same patients were followed after radioiodine exposure, a significant increase in the frequency of MN was observed in practically all of them (28/30), indicating the genotoxic activity of the ionising radiation exposure. The increase in MN frequency was not associated with any of the GST polymorphisms evaluated. Nevertheless, the presence of slow acetylator phenotypes and, in particular, the presence of the NAT2*7 allele was significantly associated with a lower increase of the MN frequency after radioiodine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Hernández
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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