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Møller P, Azqueta A, Rodriguez-Garraus A, Bakuradze T, Richling E, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H, Claudino Bastos V, Langie SAS, Jensen A, Ristori S, Scavone F, Giovannelli L, Wojewódzka M, Kruszewski M, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Costa C, Costa S, Paulo Teixeira J, Marino M, Del Bo' C, Riso P, Zheng C, Shaposhnikov S, Collins A. Long-term cryopreservation of potassium bromate positive assay controls for measurement of oxidatively damaged DNA by the Fpg-modified comet assay: results from the hCOMET ring trial. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:264-272. [PMID: 37357815 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gead020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-modified comet assay is widely used for the measurement of oxidatively generated damage to DNA. However, there has not been a recommended long-term positive control for this version of the comet assay. We have investigated potassium bromate as a positive control for the Fpg-modified comet assay because it generates many Fpg-sensitive sites with a little concurrent generation of DNA strand breaks. Eight laboratories used the same procedure for the treatment of monocytic THP-1 cells with potassium bromate (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 mM) and subsequent cryopreservation in a freezing medium consisting of 50% foetal bovine serum, 40% RPMI-1640 medium, and 10% dimethyl sulphoxide. The samples were analysed by the Fpg-modified comet assay three times over a 3-year period. All laboratories obtained a positive concentration-response relationship in cryopreserved samples (linear regression coefficients ranging from 0.79 to 0.99). However, there was a wide difference in the levels of Fpg-sensitive sites between the laboratory with the lowest (4.2% Tail DNA) and highest (74% Tail DNA) values in THP-1 cells after exposure to 4.5 mM KBrO3. In an attempt to assess sources of inter-laboratory variation in Fpg-sensitive sites, comet images from one experiment in each laboratory were forwarded to a central laboratory for visual scoring. There was high consistency between measurements of %Tail DNA values in each laboratory and the visual score of the same comets done in the central laboratory (r = 0.98, P < 0.001, linear regression). In conclusion, the results show that potassium bromate is a suitable positive comet assay control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Claudino Bastos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Sara Ristori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Scavone
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Wojewódzka
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 01-310 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 01-310 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, Departamento de Biología, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, Departamento de Psicología, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Congying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway
- NorGenotech AS, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Vodicka P, Vodenkova S, Horak J, Opattova A, Tomasova K, Vymetalkova V, Stetina R, Hemminki K, Vodickova L. An investigation of DNA damage and DNA repair in chemical carcinogenesis triggered by small-molecule xenobiotics and in cancer: Thirty years with the comet assay. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 885:503564. [PMID: 36669813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present review we addressed the determination of DNA damage induced by small-molecule carcinogens, considered their persistence in DNA and mutagenicity in in vitro and in vivo systems over a period of 30 years. The review spans from the investigation of the role of DNA damage in the cascade of chemical carcinogenesis. In the nineties, this concept evolved into the biomonitoring studies comprising multiple biomarkers that not only reflected DNA/chromosomal damage, but also the potential of the organism for biotransformation/elimination of various xenobiotics. Since first years of the new millennium, dynamic system of DNA repair and host susceptibility factors started to appear in studies and a considerable knowledge has been accumulated on carcinogens and their role in carcinogenesis. It was understood that the final biological links bridging the arising DNA damage and cancer onset remain to be elucidated. In further years the community of scientists learnt that cancer is a multifactorial disease evolving over several decades of individual´s life. Moreover, DNA damage and DNA repair are inseparable players also in treatment of malignant diseases, but affect substantially other processes, such as degeneration. Functional monitoring of DNA repair pathways and DNA damage response may cast some light on above aspects. Very little is currently known about the relationship between telomere homeostasis and DNA damage formation and repair. DNA damage/repair in genomic and mitochondrial DNA and crosstalk between these two entities emerge as a new interesting topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Centre in Pilsen, Charles University, 306 05 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Vodenkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Centre in Pilsen, Charles University, 306 05 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Horak
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Opattova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Centre in Pilsen, Charles University, 306 05 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Tomasova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Centre in Pilsen, Charles University, 306 05 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Centre in Pilsen, Charles University, 306 05 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Stetina
- Department of Research and Development, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Centre in Pilsen, Charles University, 306 05 Pilsen, Czech Republic; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 691 20 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Centre in Pilsen, Charles University, 306 05 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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Møller P, Muruzabal D, Bakuradze T, Richling E, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H, Langie SAS, Azqueta A, Jensen A, Scavone F, Giovannelli L, Wojewódzka M, Kruszewski M, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Costa C, Costa S, Teixeira JP, Marino M, Del Bo' C, Riso P, Shaposhnikov S, Collins A. Potassium bromate as positive assay control for the Fpg-modified comet assay. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:341-348. [PMID: 32319518 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The comet assay is a popular assay in biomonitoring studies. DNA strand breaks (or unspecific DNA lesions) are measured using the standard comet assay. Oxidative stress-generated DNA lesions can be measured by employing DNA repair enzymes to recognise oxidatively damaged DNA. Unfortunately, there has been a tendency to fail to report results from assay controls (or maybe even not to employ assay controls). We believe this might have been due to uncertainty as to what really constitutes a positive control. It should go without saying that a biomonitoring study cannot have a positive control group as it is unethical to expose healthy humans to DNA damaging (and thus potentially carcinogenic) agents. However, it is possible to include assay controls in the analysis (here meant as a cryopreserved sample of cells i.e. included in each experiment as a reference sample). In the present report we tested potassium bromate (KBrO3) as a positive comet assay control for the formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-modified comet assay. Ten laboratories used the same procedure for treatment of monocytic THP-1 cells with KBrO3 (0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 mM for 1 h at 37°C) and subsequent cryopreservation. Results from one laboratory were excluded in the statistical analysis because of technical issues in the Fpg-modified comet assay. All other laboratories found a concentration-response relationship in cryopreserved samples (regression coefficients from 0.80 to 0.98), although with different slopes ranging from 1.25 to 11.9 Fpg-sensitive sites (%DNA in tail) per 1 mM KBrO3. Our results demonstrate that KBrO3 is a suitable positive comet assay control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Damian Muruzabal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Food Chemistry & Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Food Chemistry & Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- VITO-Health, Boerentang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Francesca Scavone
- Department NEUROFARBA University of Florence (Section Pharmacology and Toxicology), Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA University of Florence (Section Pharmacology and Toxicology), Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Wojewódzka
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warszawa, Poland.,Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mirko Marino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Via Giovanni Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Via Giovanni Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Via Giovanni Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergey Shaposhnikov
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,NorGenotech AS, Norway
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,NorGenotech AS, Norway
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Ahmadimanesh M, Abbaszadegan MR, Morshedi Rad D, Moallem SA, Mohammadpour AH, Ghahremani MH, Farid Hosseini F, Behdani F, Akhondpour Manteghi A, Jowsey P, Shabani Behbahani F, Moallem SMH, Etemad L. Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on DNA damage in patients with depression. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:1364-1376. [PMID: 31556787 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119874461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between depression and increased oxidative stress is well known. DNA damage by oxidation factors is an important cause of the aging process in psychiatric disorders. AIMS Owing to the scarcity of human studies and high inconsistencies in studies of the effects of antidepressants on DNA damage, the current study was undertaken to investigate the effects of depression and its treatment on DNA damage. METHODS In a 15-week open-label study of citalopram (n = 25) and sertraline (n = 20), levels of DNA damage were measured by comet assay, proinflammatory (Interlukin-6 (IL-6)) and oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) markers by ELISA, and gene expression of base excision repair enzymes (8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1) and poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1)) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in healthy control patients (n = 14), with depression at the baseline and the same patients after week 15. RESULTS DNA damage, 8-OHdG, IL-6 and expression of PARP1 were elevated in patients with depression compared with the healthy controls (p < 0.001). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy could significantly reduce the depression score (p < 0.01), DNA damage (p < 0.001), as well as 8-OHdG and IL-6 (p < 0.0001). Nevertheless, the expression of PARP1 and OGG1 showed no significant changes after treatment. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study on the effect of SSRIs on the DNA damage and some of the repair enzymes in depression. Based on the results, depression can cause increased DNA damage. This damage is followed by activation of compensatory mechanisms whereby the expression of DNA damage repair enzymes is elevated. Finally, the treatment of psychiatric disorder by antidepressants can lower the level of oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ahmadimanesh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Dorsa Morshedi Rad
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Al Zahra University, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Farid Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Behdani
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Akhondpour Manteghi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Paul Jowsey
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Health Protection Research Unit for Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fatemeh Shabani Behbahani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Moore MM, Pottenger LH, House‐Knight T. Critical review of styrene genotoxicity focused on the mutagenicity/clastogenicity literature and using current organization of economic cooperation and development guidance. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:624-663. [PMID: 30786062 PMCID: PMC6767453 DOI: 10.1002/em.22278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Styrene is an important high production volume chemical used to manufacture polymeric products. In 2018, International Agency for Research on Cancer classified styrene as probably carcinogenic to humans; National Toxicology Program lists styrene as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. The genotoxicity literature for styrene and its primary metabolite, styrene 7,8-oxide (SO), begins in the 1970s. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recently updated most genotoxicity test guidelines, making substantial new recommendations for assay conduct and data evaluation for the standard mutagenicity/clastogenicity assays. Thus, a critical review of the in vitro and in vivo rodent mutagenicity/clastogenicity studies for styrene and SO, based on the latest OECD recommendations, is timely. This critical review considered whether a study was optimally designed, conducted, and interpreted and provides a critical assessment of the evidence for the mutagenicity/clastogenicity of styrene/SO. Information on the ability of styrene/SO to induce other types of genotoxicity endpoints is summarized but not critically reviewed. We conclude that when styrene is metabolized to SO, it can form DNA adducts, and positive in vitro mutagenicity/clastogenicity results can be obtained. SO is mutagenic in bacteria and the in vitro mouse lymphoma gene mutation assay. No rodent in vivo mutation studies were identified. SO is clastogenic in cultured mammalian cells. Although the in vitro assays gave positive responses, styrene/SO is not clastogenic/aneugenic in vivo in rodents. In addition to providing updated information for styrene, this review demonstrates the application of the new OECD guidelines for chemicals with large genetic toxicology databases where published results may or may not be reliable. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M. Moore
- Ramboll124 West Capitol Avenue, Suite 1605, Little RockArkansas
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6
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Blood levels of nitric oxide and DNA breaks assayed in whole blood and isolated peripheral blood mononucleated cells in patients with multiple sclerosis. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 843:90-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Azqueta A, Langie SAS, Boutet-Robinet E, Duthie S, Ladeira C, Møller P, Collins AR, Godschalk RWL. DNA repair as a human biomonitoring tool: Comet assay approaches. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:71-87. [PMID: 31416580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay offers the opportunity to measure both DNA damage and repair. Various comet assay based methods are available to measure DNA repair activity, but some requirements should be met for their effective use in human biomonitoring studies. These conditions include i) robustness of the assay, ii) sources of inter- and intra-individual variability must be known, iii) DNA repair kinetics should be assessed to optimize sampling timing; and iv) DNA repair in accessible surrogate tissues should reflect repair activity in target tissues prone to carcinogenic effects. DNA repair phenotyping can be performed on frozen and fresh samples, and is a more direct measurement than genomic or transcriptomic approaches. There are mixed reports concerning the regulation of DNA repair by environmental and dietary factors. In general, exposure to genotoxic agents did not change base excision repair (BER) activity, whereas some studies reported that dietary interventions affected BER activity. On the other hand, in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that nucleotide excision repair (NER) can be altered by exposure to genotoxic agents, but studies on other life style related factors, such as diet, are rare. Thus, crucial questions concerning the factors regulating DNA repair and inter-individual variation remain unanswered. Intra-individual variation over a period of days to weeks seems limited, which is favourable for DNA repair phenotyping in biomonitoring studies. Despite this reported low intra-individual variation, timing of sampling remains an issue that needs further investigation. A correlation was reported between the repair activity in easily accessible peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and internal organs for both NER and BER. However, no correlation was found between tumour tissue and blood cells. In conclusion, although comet assay based approaches to measure BER/NER phenotypes are feasible and promising, more work is needed to further optimize their application in human biomonitoring and intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- VITO - Sustainable Health, Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Susan Duthie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger W L Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Møller P, Jantzen K, Løhr M, Andersen MH, Jensen DM, Roursgaard M, Danielsen PH, Jensen A, Loft S. Searching for assay controls for the Fpg- and hOGG1-modified comet assay. Mutagenesis 2017; 33:9-19. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Kim Jantzen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Mille Løhr
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Maria Helena Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ditte Marie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Pernille Høgh Danielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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9
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Liamin M, Boutet-Robinet E, Jamin EL, Fernier M, Khoury L, Kopp B, Le Ferrec E, Vignard J, Audebert M, Sparfel L. Benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage associated with mutagenesis in primary human activated T lymphocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 137:113-124. [PMID: 28461126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), are widely distributed environmental contaminants exerting toxic effects such as genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, mainly associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation and the subsequent induction of cytochromes P-450 (CYP) 1-metabolizing enzymes. We previously reported an up-regulation of AhR expression and activity in primary cultures of human T lymphocyte by a physiological activation. Despite the suggested link between exposure to PAHs and the risk of lymphoma, the potential of activated human T lymphocytes to metabolize AhR exogenous ligands such as B[a]P and produce DNA damage has not been investigated. In the present study, we characterized the genotoxic response of primary activated T lymphocytes to B[a]P. We demonstrated that, following T lymphocyte activation, B[a]P treatment triggers a marked increase in CYP1 expression and activity generating, upon metabolic activation, DNA adducts and double-strand breaks (DSBs) after a 48-h treatment. At this time point, B[a]P also induces a DNA damage response with ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase activation, thus producing a p53-dependent response and T lymphocyte survival. B[a]P activates DSB repair by mobilizing homologous recombination machinery but also induces gene mutations in activated human T lymphocytes which could consequently drive a cancer process. In conclusion, primary cultures of activated human T lymphocytes represent a good model for studying genotoxic effects of environmental contaminants such as PAHs, and predicting human health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Liamin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET - INSERM UMR 1085), 35000 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, structure fédérative de recherche, Biosit UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Morgane Fernier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET - INSERM UMR 1085), 35000 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, structure fédérative de recherche, Biosit UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Laure Khoury
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Kopp
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Le Ferrec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET - INSERM UMR 1085), 35000 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, structure fédérative de recherche, Biosit UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Julien Vignard
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Audebert
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lydie Sparfel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET - INSERM UMR 1085), 35000 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, structure fédérative de recherche, Biosit UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018, 35043 Rennes, France.
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Fasullo MT, Sun M. Both RAD5-dependent and independent pathways are involved in DNA damage-associated sister chromatid exchange in budding yeast. AIMS GENETICS 2017; 4:84-102. [PMID: 28596989 PMCID: PMC5460634 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2017.2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sister chromatids are preferred substrates for recombinational repair after cells are exposed to DNA damage. While some agents directly cause double-strand breaks (DSBs), others form DNA base adducts which stall or impede the DNA replication fork. We asked which types of DNA damage can stimulate SCE in budding yeast mutants defective in template switch mechanisms and whether PCNA polyubiquitination functions are required for DNA damage-associated SCE after exposure to potent recombinagens. We measured spontaneous and DNA damage-associated unequal sister chromatid exchange (uSCE) in yeast strains containing two fragments of his3 after exposure to MMS, 4-NQO, UV, X rays, and HO endonuclease-induced DSBs. We determined whether other genes in the pathway for template switching, including UBC13, MMS2, SGS1, and SRS2 were required for DNA damage-associated SCE. RAD5 was required for DNA damage-associated SCE after exposure to UV, MMS, and 4-NQO, but not for spontaneous, X-ray-associated, or HO endonuclease-induced SCE. While UBC13, MMS2, and SGS1 were required for MMS and 4NQO-associated SCE, they were not required for UV-associated SCE. DNA damage-associated recombination between his3 recombination substrates on non-homologous recombination was enhanced in rad5 mutants. These results demonstrate that DNA damaging agents that cause DSBs stimulate SCE by RAD5-independent mechanisms, while several potent agents that generate bulky DNA adducts stimulate SCE by multiple RAD5-dependent mechanisms. We suggest that DSB-associated recombination that occurs in G2 is RAD5-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Fasullo
- College of Nanoscale Sciences and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Mingzeng Sun
- College of Nanoscale Sciences and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York 12203, United States
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Bausinger J, Speit G. The impact of lymphocyte isolation on induced DNA damage in human blood samples measured by the comet assay. Mutagenesis 2016; 31:567-72. [PMID: 27154923 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The comet assay is frequently used in human biomonitoring for the detection of exposure to genotoxic agents. Peripheral blood samples are most frequently used and tested either as whole blood or after isolation of lymphocytes (i.e. peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC). To investigate a potential impact of lymphocyte isolation on induced DNA damage in human blood samples, we exposed blood ex vivo to mutagens with different modes of genotoxic action. The comet assay was performed either directly with whole blood at the end of the exposure period or with lymphocytes isolated directly after exposure. In addition to the recommended standard protocol for lymphocyte isolation, a shortened protocol was established to optimise the isolation procedure. The results indicate that the effects of induced DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites induced by ionising radiation and alkylants, respectively, are significantly reduced in isolated lymphocytes. In contrast, oxidative DNA base damage (induced by potassium bromate) and stable bulky adducts (induced by benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide; BPDE) seem to be less affected. Our findings suggest that in vivo-induced DNA damage might also be reduced in isolated lymphocytes in comparison with the whole blood depending of the types of DNA damage induced. Because only small genotoxic effects can generally be expected in human biomonitoring studies with the comet assay after occupational and environmental exposure to genotoxic agents, any loss might be relevant and should be avoided. The possibility of such effects and their potential impact on variability of comet assay results in human biomonitoring should be considered when performing or evaluating such kind of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bausinger
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Humangenetik, D 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Günter Speit
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Humangenetik, D 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Bausinger J, Schütz P, Piberger AL, Speit G. Further characterization of benzo[a]pyrene diol-epoxide (BPDE)-induced comet assay effects. Mutagenesis 2015; 31:161-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Bausinger J, Speit G. DNA repair capacity of cultured human lymphocytes exposed to mutagens measured by the comet assay and array expression analysis. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:811-20. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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