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Gabrielyan B, Asatryan V, Kobelyan H, Khosrovyan A. The sediment of a river having ''good ecological status" turned out to be toxic to midge Chironomus riparius larvae: Implication for environmental monitoring? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116855. [PMID: 39128453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Globally, monitoring of the surface waters is largely limited to the physico-chemical analysis of water in rivers and lakes. Sediment state in the aquatic systems including sediment chemical content or the structure and diversity of benthic communities or ecotoxicological studies with natural sediments remains largely overlooked by the monitoring programs. Hence we assessed the potential toxicity of three riverine sediments on the life-cycle traits (emergence and reproduction) of midge Chironomus riparius via an ecotoxicological testing method over two generations (according to OECD test 233 guidelines). In addition, the riverine sediments were spiked with polyamide (nylon) microplastic particles (1 g kg-1) to analyze an additive effect of microplastic on the sediment toxicity. As model river systems, three rivers (Karchaghbyur, Gavaraget, Argichi) in the Lake Sevan basin (Armenia) were selected. Results of ecotoxicity testing were compared with the indices of water quality (derived from the physico-chemical analysis) and the indices of the ecological status of the rivers (derived from the analysis of benthic communities). The results of testing demonstrated an unexpectedly low emergence of midges after the first generation exposed to the sediment of the river having ''good ecological status'' - the Argichi. Sediments of the Karchaghbyur and Gavaraget rivers impeded the emergence and reproduction of midges after the second generation. An addition of polyamide particles to the sediments did not significantly affect the life-cycle traits of C. riparius indicating the primary effect of the sediments' condition. The discrepancy of biotesting result with that of the other two methods (which indicated ''average water quality'' and "good ecological status") underlies the importance of designing more comprehensive monitoring programs for better assessment and protection of aquatic systems and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardukh Gabrielyan
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology NAS RA, 7 P. Sevak Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
| | - Vardan Asatryan
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology NAS RA, 7 P. Sevak Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
| | - Hripsime Kobelyan
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology NAS RA, 7 P. Sevak Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
| | - Alla Khosrovyan
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
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El Kawak M, Al Hassanieh J, Berjawi M, Jurdi M, Abiad MG, Yassin N, Dhaini HR. Cytotoxicity of water supply in a Palestinian refugee camp and a Syrian informal tented settlement in Lebanon. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294679. [PMID: 38165866 PMCID: PMC10760689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) significantly account for a high burden of disease across the globe. Lebanon, an Eastern Mediterranean lower-middle-income country with a polluted environment, a fragmented healthcare system, and an ongoing severe economic crisis, faces serious challenges in sustaining safe water supplies, especially in vulnerable communities, while also hosting the world highest refugee population per capita. This study aimed to examine the mutagenicity, and the estrogenic and androgenic activities of water supplies, across both a Palestinian refugee camp and a Syrian informal settlement. Water samples were collected from two targeted camps in Dbayeh and Choueifat, North and South of the Capital City Beirut, respectively, between the months of September and October 2022. Microbial and physicochemical properties of samples were determined, including fecal contamination, total dissolved solids, and various minerals and salts. Organic pollutants were extracted using pre-packed solid phase extraction (SPE) columns, and then mutagenicity of extracts was examined using the Ames test in two Salmonella typhi bacterial strains. The estrogenic and androgenic activities of extracts were assessed using the yeast estrogen and androgen screen tests assays (YES/YAS). Results show excessive levels of total coliforms and total dissolved solids (TDS) in samples from both sites. In addition, the water supply from the Dbayeh Palestinian refugee camp is mutagenic, while the water supply from the Choueifat Syrian informal settlement shows anti-androgen activity. Our findings provide valuable WASH baseline data in two major vulnerable communities in Lebanon, and highlight the importance of a water toxicity testing approach concomitant with a water safety plan, based on a holistic strategy that covers all stages of the water supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle El Kawak
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jana Al Hassanieh
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwa Berjawi
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mey Jurdi
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad G. Abiad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- The Laboratories for the Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hassan R. Dhaini
- Department of Environmental Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Khosrovyan A, Aghajanyan E, Avalyan R, Atoyants A, Sahakyan L, Gabrielyan B, Aroutiounian R. Assessment of the mutagenic potential of the water of an urban river by means of two Tradescantia-based test systems. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 876-877:503449. [PMID: 35483780 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
River pollution can be caused by anthropogenic or natural factors. When testing water quality for the presence of toxic substances, higher plants as bioindicators for the genotoxic effects of complex mixtures are effective and appropriate. Hence, in this work the Tradescantia (clone 02) stamen hair mutations (Trad-SHM) and Tradescantia micronuclei (Trad-MCN) were used to determine mutagenic and clastogenic potential of an urban river. A significant increase in the level of all studied endpoints as well as morphological changes, including pink cells (PC) and colorless cells (CC) in stamen hairs, stunted hairs (SH), tetrads with micronuclei (MN) and MN in tetrads of pollen microspores in the Tradescantia was observed compared to the negative control (tap water). As an example riverine system, part of the River Hrazdan (Armenia) flowing through a highly urbanized and industrial area was studied. The positive control (10 mM CrO3) showed the highest genotoxicity for the SHM assay (PC: 5.1 / 1000, CC: 17.9 / 1000) and for the MCN assay (12 MN / 100 tetrads and 9.4 ± 0.53 tetrads with MN). Genetic responses were analyzed in conjunction with the concentrations of select elements in the riverine water. Reasons for observing such a high level of genetic markers in the riverine water and applicability of the Tradescantia (clone 02) test-systems in environmental risk assessment and biomonitoring are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Khosrovyan
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Akadeemia Tee 23, Tallinn, 12612, Estonia.
| | - Evelina Aghajanyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI Biology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str., Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rima Avalyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI Biology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str., Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anahit Atoyants
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI Biology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str., Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lilit Sahakyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, Abovyan 68, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - Bardukh Gabrielyan
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Paruyr Sevak 7, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI Biology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str., Yerevan, Armenia
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF, Mkrtchyan FA, Gevorkyan SA, Cui T. A Novel Approach to Monitoring the Quality of Lakes Water by Optical and Modeling Tools: Lake Sevan as a Case Study. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2020; 231:435. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-020-04792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Šiukšta R, Bondzinskaitė S, Kleizaitė V, Žvingila D, Taraškevičius R, Mockeliūnas L, Stapulionytė A, Mak K, Čėsnienė T. Response of Tradescantia plants to oxidative stress induced by heavy metal pollution of soils from industrial areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:44-61. [PMID: 30276686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous investigations have demonstrated that even soil in which concentrations of individual elements do not exceed permissible limits can cause harmful effects in living organisms. In the present study, polluted-soil-induced oxidative stress was evaluated using Tradescantia clone 4430, which is widely used for genotoxicity evaluations, employing biochemical (superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of ascorbic acid (AA), carotenoids (Car), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio), and molecular (RAPD and differential display (DD-PCR)) markers after long-term exposure. The activity (staining intensity) of SOD isoforms in Tradescantia leaves was higher in plants grown in all heavy-metal-polluted test soils compared to the control. No direct link between the soil pollution category and the contents of AA, Car, Chl a/b in Tradescantia leaves was revealed, but the concentration of H2O2 was shown to be a sensitive biochemical indicator that may appropriately reflect the soil contamination level. Both short-term (treatment of cuttings with H2O extracts of soil) and long-term (0.5 and 1.0 year) exposure increased MN frequencies, but the coincidence of the MN induction and the soil pollution level was observed only in some cases of long-term exposure. Soil (geno)toxin-induced polymorphism in the RAPD profile was determined with two primers in plants after long-term exposure to soils of an extremely hazard category. Transcript profiling of plants after long-term cultivation in test soils using DD-PCR showed that the majority of differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were homologous to genes directly or indirectly participating in photosynthesis, the abiotic stress response, and signal transduction cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimondas Šiukšta
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Botanical Garden of Vilnius University, Kairėnai Str. 43, LT-10239, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Skaistė Bondzinskaitė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Kleizaitė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Žvingila
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ričardas Taraškevičius
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Geology and Geography, Akademija Str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Mockeliūnas
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asta Stapulionytė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Mak
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tatjana Čėsnienė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Aghajanyan EA, Avalyan RE, Simonyan AE, Atoyants AL, Gabrielyan BK, Aroutiounian RM, Khosrovyan A. Clastogenecity evaluation of water of Lake Sevan (Armenia) using Tradescantia micronucleus assay. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:1-6. [PMID: 29908428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The clastogenic effects of water samples in seven locations of Lake Sevan (Armenia) with the application of Trad-MCN (micronuclei) bioassay using Tradescantia (clone 02) were investigated. A significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in tetrads of pollen microspores and tetrads with micronuclei exposed to the test samples compared to the control has been revealed. A multivariate analysis indicated linkage between the frequencies of occurrence of micronuclei in the cells and Ni and Co ions. The results were compared with the endpoints of another Tradescantia-based test system (stamen hair mutation test) performed on the same water samples and generation of the plant: occurrences of micronuclei in sporogenic cells coincided with that of non-surviving stamen hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Aghajanyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI "Biology", Faculty of Biology Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - R E Avalyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI "Biology", Faculty of Biology Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - A E Simonyan
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI "Biology", Faculty of Biology Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - A L Atoyants
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI "Biology", Faculty of Biology Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - B K Gabrielyan
- Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 7 Paruyr Sevak, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - R M Aroutiounian
- Laboratory of General and Molecular Genetics, RI "Biology", Faculty of Biology Yerevan State University, 8, Charents Str, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - A Khosrovyan
- UNESCO UNITWIN/WiCop, Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Río San Pedro S/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
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