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Wang K, Lin X, Wang T, Zhang X, Cheng W, Xu F, Wang L, Li B, Wang M, Wang W, Zhang M, Ding S, Jin G, Zhu Y, Yang W, Hu A, Zhao Q. Synergistic effects of low-dose arsenic and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine co-exposure by altering gut microbiota and intestinal metabolic profile in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115195. [PMID: 37418937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological organisms are exposed to low-dose arsenic or N-nitro compounds (NOCs) alone or in combination worldwide, especially in areas with high cancer prevalence through drinking water or food exposure; however, information on their combined exposure effects is limited. Here, we conducted an in-depth study of the effects on the gut microbiota, metabolomics, and signaling pathways using rat models exposed to arsenic or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), one of the most active carcinogenic NOCs, separately or in combination with metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing. Compared to exposure alone, combined exposure to arsenic and MNNG exacerbated damage to gastric tissue morphology, interfered with intestinal microflora and substance metabolism, and exerted a stronger carcinogenic effect. This may be related to intestinal microbiota disorders, including Dyella, Oscillibacter, Myroides, and metabolic pathways such as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism in cancer, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism, thereby enhancing the cancer-causing effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), P53, and Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenli Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wuqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shaopeng Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoqing Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anla Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Yamada Y, Watanabe S, Okamoto K, Arimoto S, Takahashi E, Negishi K, Negishi T. Chloroethylating anticancer drug-induced mutagenesis and its repair in Escherichia coli. Genes Environ 2019; 41:11. [PMID: 30988834 PMCID: PMC6449902 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-019-0123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU) derivatives, such as nimustine (ACNU) and carmustine (BCNU), are employed in brain tumor chemotherapy due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. They are thought to suppress tumor development through DNA chloroethylation, followed by the formation of interstrand cross-links (ICLs) that efficiently block replication and transcription. However, the alkylation of DNA and ICLs may trigger genotoxicity, leading to tumor formation as a side effect of the chemotherapeutic treatment. Although the involvement of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) in repairing chloroethylated guanine (O6-chloroethylguanine) has been reported, the exact lesion responsible for the genotoxicity and the pathway responsible for repairing it remains unclear. Results We examined the mutations induced by ACNU and BCNU using a series of Escherichia coli strains, CC101 to CC111, in which reverse mutations due to each episome from F’101 to F’106 and frameshift mutations due to each episome from F’107 to F’111 could be detected. The mutant frequency increased in E. coli CC102, which can detect a GC to AT mutation. To determine the pathway responsible for repairing the CENU-induced lesions, we compared the frequency of mutations induced by CENU in the wild-type strain to those in the ada, ogt (AGT-deficient) strain, uvrA (nucleotide excision repair (NER)-deficient) strain, mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient strains, and recA (recombination deficient) strain of E. coli CC102. The frequencies of mutations induced by ACNU and BCNU increased in the ada, ogt strain, demonstrating that O6-chloroethylguanines were formed, and that a portion was repaired by AGT. Mutation induced by ACNU in NER-deficient strain showed a similar profile to that in AGT-deficient strain, suggesting that an NER and AGT play at the similar efficacy to protect E. coli from mutation induced by ACNU. O6-Chloroethylguanine is reported to form ICLs if it is not repaired. We examined the survival rates and the frequencies of mutations induced by ACNU and BCNU in the uvrA strain, the recA strain, as well as a double-deficient strain of CC102. The mutation profile of the double-deficient strain was similar to that of the NER-deficient strain, suggesting that an NER protects E. coli from mutations but not recombination. In addition, cell death was more pronounced in the uvrA, recA double-deficient strain than in the single-deficient strains. Conclusion These results suggest that the toxic lesions induced by CENU were repaired additively or synergistically by NER and recombination. In other words, lesions, such as ICLs, appear to be repaired by NER and recombination independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamada
- 1Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- 2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- 1Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan.,2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan.,Present address: Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases JICA Building ID Hospital Campus, Beliaghata Kolkata, 700010 India
| | - Sakae Arimoto
- 1Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan.,2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Eizo Takahashi
- 1Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan.,3Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan.,Present address: Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases JICA Building ID Hospital Campus, Beliaghata Kolkata, 700010 India
| | - Kazuo Negishi
- 3Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
| | - Tomoe Negishi
- 1Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan.,3Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
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Nakano K, Yamada Y, Takahashi E, Arimoto S, Okamoto K, Negishi K, Negishi T. E. coli mismatch repair enhances AT-to-GC mutagenesis caused by alkylating agents. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 815:22-27. [PMID: 28283089 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkylating agents are known to induce the formation of O6-alkylguanine (O6-alkG) and O4-alkylthymine (O4-alkT) in DNA. These lesions have been widely investigated as major sources of mutations. We previously showed that mismatch repair (MMR) facilitates the suppression of GC-to-AT mutations caused by O6-methylguanine more efficiently than the suppression of GC-to-AT mutations caused by O6-ethylguanine. However, the manner by which O4-alkyT lesions are repaired remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the repair pathway involved in the repair of O4-alkT. The E. coli CC106 strain, which harbors Δprolac in its genomic DNA and carries the F'CC106 episome, can be used to detect AT-to-GC reverse-mutation of the gene encoding β-galactosidase. Such AT-to-GC mutations should be induced through the formation of O4-alkT at AT base pairs. As expected, an O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) -deficient CC106 strain, which is defective in both ada and agt genes, exhibited elevated mutant frequencies in the presence of methylating agents and ethylating agents. However, in the UvrA-deficient strain, the methylating agents were less mutagenic than in wild-type, while ethylating agents were more mutagenic than in wild-type, as observed with agents that induce O6-alkylguanine modifications. Unexpectedly, the mutant frequencies decreased in a MutS-deficient strain, and a similar tendency was observed in MutL- or MutH-deficient strains. Thus, MMR appears to promote mutation at AT base pairs. Similar results were obtained in experiments employing double-mutant strains harboring defects in both MMR and AGT, or MMR and NER. E. coli MMR enhances AT-to-GC mutagenesis, such as that caused by O4-alkylthymine. We hypothesize that the MutS protein recognizes the O4-alkT:A base pair more efficiently than O4-alkT:G. Such a distinction would result in misincorporation of G at the O4-alkT site, followed by higher mutation frequencies in wild-type cells, which have MutS protein, compared to MMR-deficient strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nakano
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamada
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Eizo Takahashi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Sakae Arimoto
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuo Negishi
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Tomoe Negishi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.
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Taira K, Kaneto S, Nakano K, Watanabe S, Takahashi E, Arimoto S, Okamoto K, Schaaper RM, Negishi K, Negishi T. Distinct pathways for repairing mutagenic lesions induced by methylating and ethylating agents. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:341-50. [PMID: 23446177 PMCID: PMC3630523 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/get010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA alkylation damage can be repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER) or by direct removal of alkyl groups from modified bases by O(6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT; E.C. 2.1.1.63). DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is also likely involved in this repair. We have investigated alkylation-induced mutagenesis in a series of NER- or AGT-deficient Escherichia coli strains, alone or in combination with defects in the MutS, MutL or MutH components of MMR. All strains used contained the F'prolac from strain CC102 (F'CC102) episome capable of detecting specifically lac GC to AT reverse mutations resulting from O(6)-alkylguanine. The results showed the repair of O(6)-methylguanine to be performed by AGT ≫ MMR > NER in order of importance, whereas the repair of O(6)-ethylguanine followed the order NER > AGT > MMR. Studies with double mutants showed that in the absence of AGT or NER repair pathways, the lack of MutS protein generally increased mutant frequencies for both methylating and ethylating agents, suggesting a repair or mutation avoidance role for this protein. However, lack of MutL or MutH protein did not increase alkylation-induced mutagenesis under these conditions and, in fact, reduced mutagenesis by the N-alkyl-N-nitrosoureas MNU and ENU. The combined results suggest that little or no alkylation damage is actually corrected by the mutHLS MMR system; instead, an as yet unspecified interaction of MutS protein with alkylated DNA may promote the involvement of a repair system other than MMR to avoid a mutagenic outcome. Furthermore, both mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of MMR were detected, revealing a dual function of the MMR system in alkylation-exposed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Taira
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA and
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Satomi Kaneto
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA and
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kota Nakano
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA and
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA and
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Eizo Takahashi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA and
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Sakae Arimoto
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA and
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA and
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Negishi
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Tomoe Negishi
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 86 251 7946; Fax: +81 86 251 7926; E-mail:
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