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Elespuru R, Pfuhler S, Aardema MJ, Chen T, Doak SH, Doherty A, Farabaugh CS, Kenny J, Manjanatha M, Mahadevan B, Moore MM, Ouédraogo G, Stankowski LF, Tanir JY. Genotoxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials: Recommendations on Best Practices, Assays, and Methods. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:391-416. [PMID: 29701824 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) present unique challenges in safety evaluation. An international working group, the Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute's Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, has addressed issues related to the genotoxicity assessment of NMs. A critical review of published data has been followed by recommendations on methods alterations and best practices for the standard genotoxicity assays: bacterial reverse mutation (Ames); in vitro mammalian assays for mutations, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus induction, or DNA strand breaks (comet); and in vivo assays for genetic damage (micronucleus, comet and transgenic mutation assays). The analysis found a great diversity of tests and systems used for in vitro assays; many did not meet criteria for a valid test, and/or did not use validated cells and methods in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guidelines, and so these results could not be interpreted. In vivo assays were less common but better performed. It was not possible to develop conclusions on test system agreement, NM activity, or mechanism of action. However, the limited responses observed for most NMs were consistent with indirect genotoxic effects, rather than direct interaction of NMs with DNA. We propose a revised genotoxicity test battery for NMs that includes in vitro mammalian cell mutagenicity and clastogenicity assessments; in vivo assessments would be added only if warranted by information on specific organ exposure or sequestration of NMs. The bacterial assays are generally uninformative for NMs due to limited particle uptake and possible lack of mechanistic relevance, and are thus omitted in our recommended test battery for NM assessment. Recommendations include NM characterization in the test medium, verification of uptake into target cells, and limited assay-specific methods alterations to avoid interference with uptake or endpoint analysis. These recommendations are summarized in a Roadmap guideline for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Elespuru
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, US Food and Drug Administration, CDRH/OSEL, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Stefan Pfuhler
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Centre, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | | | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, US Food and Drug Administration, NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ann Doherty
- Discovery Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Genetic Toxicology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | | | - Julia Kenny
- Genetic Toxicology & Photosafety, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Mugimane Manjanatha
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, US Food and Drug Administration, NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Brinda Mahadevan
- Global Pre-clinical Development Innovation & Development, Established Pharmaceuticals, Abbott, Mumbai 400072, India
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Y Tanir
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), Washington, District of Columbia 20005
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Buliaková B, Mesárošová M, Bábelová A, Šelc M, Némethová V, Šebová L, Rázga F, Ursínyová M, Chalupa I, Gábelová A. Surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles act as aneugen-like spindle poison. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:69-80. [PMID: 27593490 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the most promising types of nanoparticles for biomedical applications, primarily in the context of nanomedicine-based diagnostics and therapy; hence, great attention should be paid to their bio-safety. Here, we investigate the ability of surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to produce chromosome damage in human alveolar A549 cells. Compared to control cells, all the applied MNPs increased the level of micronuclei moderately but did not cause structural chromosomal aberrations in exposed cells. A rise in endoreplication, polyploid and multinuclear cells along with disruption of tubulin filaments, downregulation of Aurora protein kinases and p53 protein activation indicated the capacity of these MNPs to impair the chromosomal passenger complex and/or centrosome maturation. We suppose that surface-modified MNPs may act as aneugen-like spindle poisons via interference with tubulin polymerization. Further studies on experimental animals revealing mechanisms of therapeutic-aimed MNPs are required to confirm their suitability as potential anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Buliaková
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Mesárošová
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Bábelová
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Šelc
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Lívia Šebová
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Filip Rázga
- Polymer Institute, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Ivan Chalupa
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Gábelová
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Impeded repair of abasic site damaged lesions in DNA adsorbed over functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube and graphene oxide. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 803-804:39-46. [PMID: 27265379 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The processing of abasic site DNA damage lesions in extracellular DNA in the presence of engineered carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is demonstrated. The efficacy of the apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in the cleavage of abasic site lesions in the presence of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) and graphene oxide (GO) are compared. The CNMs were found to perturb the incision activity of APE1. The reason for such perturbation process was anticipated to take place either by the non-specific adsorption of APE1 over the free surface of the CNMs or steric hindrance offered by the CNM-DNA complex. Accordingly, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selectively utilized to block the free surface of the CNM-DNA hybrid material. Further treatment of the CNM-DNA-BSA complex with APE1 resulted in a marginal increase in APE1 efficiency. This indicates that APE1 in solution is unable to process the abasic sites on DNA adsorbed over the CNMs. However, the cleavage activity of APE1 was restored in the presence of non-ionic surfactant (Tween 20) that inhibits adsorption of the DNA on the surface of the CNMs. The conformational deformation of the DNA, along with steric hindrance induced by the CNMs resulted in the inhibition of abasic site DNA repair by APE1. Moreover, appreciable changes in the secondary structure of APE1 adsorbed over the CNMs were observed that contribute further to the repair refractivity of the abasic sites. From a toxicological viewpoint, these findings can be extended to the study of the effect of engineered nanoparticles in the intracellular DNA repair process.
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Preparation and characterization of injectable Mitoxantrone poly (lactic acid)/fullerene implants for in vivo chemo-photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 149:51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Srivastava V, Gusain D, Sharma YC. Critical Review on the Toxicity of Some Widely Used Engineered Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepak Gusain
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yogesh Chandra Sharma
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
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Growth and potential damage of human bone-derived cells cultured on fresh and aged C60/Ti films. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123680. [PMID: 25875338 PMCID: PMC4398559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thin films of binary C60/Ti composites, with various concentrations of Ti ranging from ~ 25% to ~ 70%, were deposited on microscopic glass coverslips and were tested for their potential use in bone tissue engineering as substrates for the adhesion and growth of bone cells. The novelty of this approach lies in the combination of Ti atoms (i.e., widely used biocompatible material for the construction of stomatological and orthopedic implants) with atoms of fullerene C60, which can act as very efficient radical scavengers. However, fullerenes and their derivatives are able to generate harmful reactive oxygen species and to have cytotoxic effects. In order to stabilize C60 molecules and to prevent their possible cytotoxic effects, deposition in the compact form of Ti/C60 composites (with various Ti concentrations) was chosen. The reactivity of C60/Ti composites may change in time due to the physicochemical changes of molecules in an air atmosphere. In this study, we therefore tested the dependence between the age of C60/Ti films (from one week to one year) and the adhesion, morphology, proliferation, viability, metabolic activity and potential DNA damage to human osteosarcoma cells (lines MG-63 and U-2 OS). After 7 days of cultivation, we did not observe any negative influence of fresh or aged C60/Ti layers on cell behavior, including the DNA damage response. The presence of Ti atoms resulted in improved properties of the C60 layers, which became more suitable for cell cultivation.
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