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Pinto TG, Takeshita WM, Renno ACM, Cury PR, Dos Santos JJ, Ribeiro DA. Is micronucleus assay a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage induced by chemical, physical, and biological agents in vivo? A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38951124 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The present systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate manuscripts in order to help further elucidate the following question: is the micronucleus assay (MA) also a useful marker in gingiva, tongue, and palate for evaluating cytogenetic damage in vivo? A search was performed through the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, all studies published up to December 2023. The comparisons were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were established. Full manuscripts from 34 studies were carefully selected and reviewed in this setting. Our results demonstrate that the MA may be a useful biomarker of gingival tissue damage in vivo, and this tissue could be a useful alternative to the buccal mucosa. The meta-analysis analyzing the different sites regardless of the deleterious factor studied, the buccal mucosa (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI, - 0.49 to 1.88, p = 0.25) and gingiva (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI, - 0.11 to 0.72, p = 0.15), showed similar results and different outcome for the tongue (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.91, p = 0.001). In summary, our conclusion suggests that the MA can be a useful marker for detecting DNA damage in gingiva in vivo and that this tissue could be effective site for smearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Guedes Pinto
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ramos Cury
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jean Junes Dos Santos
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Vallabani NVS, Alijagic A, Persson A, Odnevall I, Särndahl E, Karlsson HL. Toxicity evaluation of particles formed during 3D-printing: Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and inflammatory response in lung and macrophage models. Toxicology 2022; 467:153100. [PMID: 35032623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) or "3D-printing" is a ground-breaking technology that enables the production of complex 3D parts. Its rapid growth calls for immediate toxicological investigations of possible human exposures in order to estimate occupational health risks. Several laser-based powder bed fusion AM techniques are available of which many use metal powder in the micrometer range as feedstock. Large energy input from the laser on metal powders generates several by-products, like spatter and condensate particles. Due to often altered physicochemical properties and composition, spatter and condensate particles can result in different toxicological responses compared to the original powder particles. The toxicity of such particles has, however, not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of condensate/spatter particles formed and collected upon selective laser melting (SLM) printing of metal alloy powders, including a nickel-chromium-based superalloy (IN939), a nickel-based alloy (Hastelloy X, HX), a high-strength maraging steel (18Ni300), a stainless steel (316L), and a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Toxicological endpoints investigated included cytotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), genotoxicity (comet and micronucleus formation), and inflammatory response (cytokine/chemokine profiling) following exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) or monocytes/macrophages (THP-1). The results showed no or minor cytotoxicity in the doses tested (10-100 μg/mL). Furthermore, no ROS generation or formation of micronucleus was observed in the HBEC cells. However, an increase in DNA strand breaks (detected by comet assay) was noted in cells exposed to HX, IN939, and Ti6Al4V, whereas no evident release of pro-inflammatory cytokine was observed from macrophages. Particle and surface characterization showed agglomeration in solution and different surface oxide compositions compared to the nominal bulk content. The extent of released nickel was small and related to the nickel content of the surface oxides, which was largely different from the bulk content. This may explain the limited toxicity found despite the high Ni bulk content of several powders. Taken together, this study suggests relatively low acute toxicity of condensates/spatter particles formed during SLM-printing using IN939, HX, 18Ni300, 316L, and Ti6Al4V as original metal powders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andi Alijagic
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Inger Odnevall
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden; AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hanna L Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Evaluation of Blood Titanium Levels and Total Bone Contact Area of Dental Implants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4121639. [PMID: 30046598 PMCID: PMC6038673 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of total implant-bone surface contact area of dental implants applied on partial or total edentulous patients on the increase in the level of blood titanium level. Changes of the blood titanium levels were evaluated after placement of the dental implants in 30 patients including 15 females and 15 males. Patients were divided into 3 groups as dental implants were applied on only maxilla, only mandible, or both of them. Taking into the consideration anatomic formation and prosthetic indication, dental implant-bone total contact area was calculated and saved for each patient after dental implants placement. Blood samples of the patients taken preoperatively and postoperatively at 12 weeks were analyzed by ICP-MS device. Blood titanium levels of preoperative and postoperative blood samples were analyzed for each patient and results were evaluated statistically. In the evaluation after analyzing blood titanium level changes, while a statistically significant decrease was observed in Group 1 patients, a statistically significant increase was observed in Group 2 and Group 3 patients to blood titanium level. A statistically significant difference was observed between Group 1 and Group 2 and between Group 1 and Group 3 patients of blood titanium levels. The change of the blood titanium level was not related to total implant-bone surface area, number of the implants, and gender. In our study, no correlation was found between change of blood titanium level and total contact area with bone of dental implants. We believe that more accurate results can be obtained with biopsy of tissues and organs on animal studies.
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Alp G, Çakmak G, Sert M, Burgaz Y. Corrosion potential in artificial saliva and possible genotoxic and cytotoxic damage in buccal epithelial cells of patients who underwent Ni-Cr based porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed dental prostheses. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 827:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mechanical Characterisation and Biomechanical and Biological Behaviours of Ti-Zr Binary-Alloy Dental Implants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2785863. [PMID: 29318142 PMCID: PMC5727844 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2785863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to characterise the mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr binary alloy dental implants and to describe their biomechanical behaviour as well as their osseointegration capacity compared with the conventional Ti-6Al-4V (TAV) alloy implants. The mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr binary alloy were characterised using Roxolid© implants (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) via ultrasound. Their biomechanical behaviour was described via finite element analysis. Their osseointegration capacity was compared via an in vivo study performed on 12 adult rabbits. Young's modulus of the Roxolid© implant was around 103 GPa, and the Poisson coefficient was around 0.33. There were no significant differences in terms of Von Mises stress values at the implant and bone level between both alloys. Regarding deformation, the highest value was observed for Ti-15Zr implant, and the lowest value was observed for the cortical bone surrounding TAV implant, with no deformation differences at the bone level between both alloys. Histological analysis of the implants inserted in rabbits demonstrated higher BIC percentage for Ti-15Zr implants at 3 and 6 weeks. Ti-15Zr alloy showed elastic properties and biomechanical behaviours similar to TAV alloy, although Ti-15Zr implant had a greater BIC percentage after 3 and 6 weeks of osseointegration.
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