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Dursa EK, Cao G, Culpepper WJ, Schneiderman A. Comparison of Health Outcomes Over Time Among Women 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans, Women 1990-1991 Gulf Era Veterans, and Women in the U.S. General Population. Womens Health Issues 2023; 33:643-651. [PMID: 37495424 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to examine health over almost 20 years of follow-up among women Gulf War veterans and women Gulf Era veterans and compare their health to that of women in the U.S. general population. METHODS We used data from a health survey of 1,274 women Gulf War veteran and Gulf Era veteran participants of the Gulf War Longitudinal Study who responded to all three waves. Data on the U.S. population of women came from the 1999-2000, 2005-2006, and 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to compare the report of disease over time in women Gulf War and Gulf Era veterans. Differences in prevalence at the three survey timepoints were calculated between women Gulf War veterans and the NHANES women population, and women Gulf War Era veterans and the NHANES women population. RESULTS Women veterans who deployed to the 1990-1991 Gulf War report poorer health than women veterans who served during the same time but did not deploy. Women veterans reported a lower prevalence of hypertension, stroke, and diabetes than women in the NHANES sample. Women veterans also reported a higher prevalence of arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and skin cancer than women in the NHANES sample. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to characterize the health of a population-based cohort of women Gulf War and women Gulf Era veterans over time and compare it with women's health in a civilian NHANES population. This demonstrates the value of epidemiological research on women veterans and the importance of developing longitudinal cohorts across genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Dursa
- Health Outcomes Military Exposures, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia; Hines VA Medical Center Cooperative Studies Coordinating Center, Hines, Illinois.
| | - Guichan Cao
- Hines VA Medical Center Cooperative Studies Coordinating Center, Hines, Illinois
| | - William J Culpepper
- Health Outcomes Military Exposures, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Aaron Schneiderman
- Health Outcomes Military Exposures, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia
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Soleimani M, Baharnoori SM, Cheraqpour K, Momenaei B, Mirshahi R, Chow C, Shahjahan S, Nguyen T, Ashraf MJ, Huang X, Koganti R, Cheraghpour M, Ghassemi M, Djalilian AR. Cellular senescence implication in mustard keratopathy. Exp Eye Res 2023; 233:109565. [PMID: 37406956 PMCID: PMC10392783 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Mustard agents are vesicants that were used in warfare multiple times. They are potent alkylating agents that activate cellular pathways of apoptosis, increase oxidative stress, and induce inflammation. Eyes are particularly susceptible to mustard exposure with a wide range of ocular surface damage. Three main categories of mustard-related eye injuries are acute, chronic, and delayed-onset manifestations. Mustard keratopathy (MK) is a known complication characterized by corneal opacification, ulceration, thinning, and neovascularization that can lead to severe vision loss and discomfort. Recently, a few reports demonstrated the role of senescence induction as a new pathological mechanism in mustard-related injuries that could affect wound healing. We ran the first murine model of delayed-onset MK and nitrogen mustard-induced senescence, evaluating the pathological signs of senescence in the cornea using beta-galactosidase staining. Our results suggest that nitrogen mustard exposure causes senescence in the corneal cells, which could be the underlying mechanism for chronic and late-onset ocular surface damage. We also found a significant correlation between the percentage of positive beta-galactosidase staining and the degree of fibrosis in the cornea. This provides valuable insight into the possible role of anti-senescence drugs in the near future for accelerating corneal healing and restricting fibrosis in patients with mustard keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahbod Baharnoori
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bita Momenaei
- Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Reza Mirshahi
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Collin Chow
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Tara Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mohammad Javad Ashraf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Xiaoke Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Makan Cheraghpour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Ghassemi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Bolzán AD. Mutagen-induced telomere instability in human cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 868-869:503387. [PMID: 34454696 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomere instability is one of the main sources of genome instability and may result from chromosome end loss (due to chromosome breakage at one or both ends) or, more frequently, telomere dysfunction. Dysfunctional telomeres arise when they lose their end-capping function or become critically short, which causes chromosomal termini to behave like a DNA double-strand break. Telomere instability may occur at the chromosomal or at the molecular level, giving rise, respectively, to telomere-related chromosomal aberrations or the loss or modification of any of the components of the telomere (telomere DNA, telomere-associated proteins, or telomere RNA). Since telomeres play a fundamental role in maintaining genome stability, the study of telomere instability in cells exposed to mutagens is of great importance to understand the telomere-driven genomic instability present in those cells. In the present review, we will focus on the current knowledge about telomere instability induced by physical, chemical, and biological mutagens in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Bolzán
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP), calle 526 y Camino General Belgrano, B1906APO La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, calle 60 y 122, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Geretto M, Ferrari M, De Angelis R, Crociata F, Sebastiani N, Pulliero A, Au W, Izzotti A. Occupational Exposures and Environmental Health Hazards of Military Personnel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5395. [PMID: 34070145 PMCID: PMC8158372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military personnel are frequently exposed to environmental pollutants that can cause a variety of diseases. METHODS This review analyzed publications regarding epidemiological and biomonitoring studies on occupationally-exposed military personnel. RESULTS The exposures include sulfur mustard, organ chlorines, combustion products, fuel vapors, and ionizing and exciting radiations. Important factors to be considered are the lengths and intensities of exposures, its proximity to the sources of environmental pollutants, as well as confounding factors (cigarette smoke, diet, photo-type, healthy warrior effect, etc.). Assessment of environmental and individual exposures to pollutants is crucial, although often omitted, because soldiers have often been evaluated based on reported health problems rather than on excessive exposure to pollutants. Biomarkers of exposures and effects are tools to explore relationships between exposures and diseases in military personnel. Another observation from this review is a major problem from the lack of suitable control groups. CONCLUSIONS This review indicates that only studies which analyzed epidemiological and molecular biomarkers in both exposed and control groups would provide evidence-based conclusions on exposure and disease risk in military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Geretto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Roberta De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Filippo Crociata
- General Inspectorate of Military Health, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Nicola Sebastiani
- General Inspectorate of Military Health, 00184 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (N.S.)
| | | | - William Au
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Rothmiller S, Jäger N, Meier N, Meyer T, Neu A, Steinritz D, Thiermann H, Scherer M, Rummel C, Mangerich A, Bürkle A, Schmidt A. Chronic senescent human mesenchymal stem cells as possible contributor to the wound healing disorder after exposure to the alkylating agent sulfur mustard. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:727-747. [PMID: 33491125 PMCID: PMC7870771 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process, and disturbance of even a single mechanism can result in chronic ulcers developing after exposure to the alkylating agent sulfur mustard (SM). A possible contributor may be SM-induced chronic senescent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), unable to fulfil their regenerative role, by persisting over long time periods and creating a proinflammatory microenvironment. Here we show that senescence induction in human bone marrow derived MSCs was time- and concentration-dependent, and chronic senescence could be verified 3 weeks after exposure to between 10 and 40 µM SM. Morphological changes, reduced clonogenic and migration potential, longer scratch closure times, differences in senescence, motility and DNA damage response associated genes as well as increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines were revealed. Selective removal of these cells by senolytic drugs, in which ABT-263 showed initial potential in vitro, opens the possibility for an innovative treatment strategy for chronic wounds, but also tumors and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rothmiller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Niklas Jäger
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Meier
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Thimo Meyer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Neu
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Munich, Goethestr. 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Scherer
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, HELIOS Amper Clinics, Krankenhausstraße 15, 85221, Dachau, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Wolfart Clinic, Waldstraße 7, 82166, Gräfelfing, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute for Sports Sciences, Universität Der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany.
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Oskouei Z, Mehri S, Kalalinia F, Hosseinzadeh H. Evaluation of the effect of thymoquinone in d-galactose-induced memory impairments in rats: Role of MAPK, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation pathways and telomere length. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2252-2266. [PMID: 33325602 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
D-galactose (d-gal) induces aging and memory impairment via oxidative stress and neuroinflammation pathways. This study evaluated the neuroprotective activity of thymoquinone (TQ) against d-gal. d-gal (400 mg/kg, SC), d-gal plus TQ (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), and TQ alone (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks were administered to rats. The effect of TQ on learning and memory were studied using the Morris water maze test. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in the hippocampus. The levels of MAPKs (p-ERK/ERK, p-P38/P38), cAMP response elements binding (p-CREB/CREB), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-1β), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed by western blotting. Telomere length was evaluated using real-time PCR. Memory and learning impairment, MDA enhancement, GSH reduction, and neuroinflammation via increasing the TNFα, IL-1β, and GFAP contents were observed in d-gal group. TQ with d-gal, improved memory impairment, reduced oxidative stress, and alleviated neuroinflammation. The elevated level of AGEs decreased by TQ compared to d-gal. No changes were observed in the levels of p-ERK/ERK, p-CREB/CREB, p-P38/P38, BDNF, and telomere length following administration of d-gal or TQ plus d-gal. TQ improved memory deficits of d-gal through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Oskouei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kalalinia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Soliman AHM, Zaki NN, Fathy HM, Mohamed AA, Ezzat MA, Rayan A. Genetic polymorphisms in XRCC1, OGG1, and XRCC3 DNA repair genes and DNA damage in radiotherapy workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43786-43799. [PMID: 32740834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage may develop at any dose of ionizing radiation. DNA damage activates pathways that regulate cell growth and division or coordinate its replication and repair. The repair pathways, base excision repair (BER) and single-strand break repair (SSBR), can repair such damages efficiently and maintain genome integrity. Loss of this repair process or alteration of its control will be associated with serious outcomes for cells and individuals. This study aimed to determine the relationship between XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, Arg280His, and Arg399Gln), OGG1 (Ser326Cys), and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) SNPs and DNA damage and to identify high-risk individuals with reduced DNA repair capacity. This case-control study was conducted on 80 subjects; 50 subjects working in Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department in Assiut University Hospital along with 30 controls. A total of 1 mL blood samples were collected for Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis Technique (Comet Assay) for detection of DNA damage in those subjects. A total of 3 mL fresh blood samples were collected and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)-based technique. DNA damage detected by comet test was significantly high in IR-exposed workers than control. Statistically high significant difference was found in exposed subjects versus control subjects regarding the frequencies of the variant alleles of hOGG1326, XRCC1280 & 399, and XRCC3241. The level of DNA damage was not affected by OGG1326 SNPs when comparing subjects of wild genotype with those of (pooled) variants either in the exposed staff or in the control group while XRCC1280, 399 and XRCC3241 variant alleles had an influence on the studied DNA damage biomarker. Moreover, genotyping distribution pattern was highly variable in relation to gender. The present study indicated a relationship between DNA damage detected by comet test and single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding for DNA certain repair enzymes. Individuals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation could be at great risk and more susceptible to the increased DNA damage if they have inherited genetic polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa H M Soliman
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nasef N Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hala M Fathy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aml A Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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