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Pajic J, Milovanovic APS. Biological response to the continuous occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs and radionuclides. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1934-1947. [PMID: 37498230 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2241901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antineoplastic drugs and radioiodine are recognized occupational risk factors affecting the genetic material of exposed persons. To assess cytogenetic damage and evaluate the presence of chromosomal instability during occupational exposure, a biomonitoring study was performed using a chromosomal aberration assay and a cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from 314 healthy donors divided into 3 groups (control, exposed to antineoplastic drugs and exposed to radioiodine) were collected and cytogenetically analyzed. RESULTS There was an increase in almost all analyzed parameters registered in the exposed persons. Chromatid breaks were higher in the subjects exposed to antineoplastic drugs, while dicentrics and premature centromere division (PCD) parameters were higher in nuclear medicine workers. The total number of micronuclei was higher in both groups of the exposed. The correlation analysis indicated the association of dicentrics, acentrics, chromosome and chromatid break with PCDs in both groups of the exposed, and micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges with PCDs in the subjects exposed to radioiodine. The discriminant analysis marked off PCD1-5 as the best predictor of exposure. Age, sex, sampling season and duration of exposure significantly influenced the analyzed parameters, while smoking habits did not show any influence. CONCLUSION Based on the observed results, premature centromere division can be considered a valuable parameter of genotoxic risk for individuals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar P S Milovanovic
- Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Belgrade, Serbia
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Pajic J, Rakic B. Re-evaluation of CBMN test reference values of persons continuously occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation in Serbia. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 886:503583. [PMID: 36868697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
When established, cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test reference values should be periodically evaluated according to the recommendations of reference documents. The biodosimetry cytogenetic laboratory of the Serbian Institute of Occupational Health established the CBMN test reference range for people occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in 2016. Since then, new occupationally exposed persons have been subjected to micronucleus testing, resulting in the need for re-evaluation of existing CBMN test values. The examined population comprised 608 occupationally exposed subjects - 201 from the previous laboratory database and 407 newly examined. Comparison of groups based on gender, age and cigarette consumption did not show significant differences, although certain CBMN values differed significantly between the old and new groups. Duration of occupational exposure, gender, age and smoking habit influenced micronuclei frequency in all three analyzed groups, while no relation was found between type of work and micronucleus test parameters. Since the mean values of all tested parameters in the new group of examinees are within previously established reference ranges, existing values can be used in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - B Rakic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Liu G. Revision of cytogenetic dosimetry in the IAEA manual 2011 based on data about radio-sensitivity and dose-rate findings contributing. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22621. [PMID: 36260291 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200769rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to achieve the goal of rapid response, effective controland protection of life inlarge-scale radiation events, the IAEA Manual 2011 has been revised based on the data of radio-sensitivity, dose-rate findings. Analyze individual differences in radiation sensitivity using 60 Co radiation (0.27 Gy/min). Chromosomal aberrations with different irradiation dose rates were used to establish the biological dose curve and analyze the excess of the "dicentric + ring" caused by the dose rate at each dose point; DAPI-images and Metafer 4 were used to capture metaphase images and make further analysis. The data were collected in 2020, Dicentric + ring/100 Cells was 17.5-43.8, the average value was28.32 ± 6.98. The mean value of Dicentric + ring/100 Cells was 31.37 in males while 25.27 in females, there are significant differences (p < .01). The irradiation dose is dominant, At each dose point, the value of"(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/cell" is proportional to "dose rate", that is, Y = kx + b, within the dose range of 1-5 Gy, "(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/Cell" holds a quadratic linear relationship with dose rate, that is, y = ax2 + bx + c; The DAPI-images might give you more hints than those of conventional Giemsa-stain. The authors recommend that the IAEA Manual 2011 could be revised based on data of radio-sensitivity and dose-rate, which may contribute to the establishment of a unified dose-response calibration curve and stimulation of potential for automation in cytogenetic biodosimetry. (1) Individual differences of radiosensitivity are very large. (2) At each dose point, "(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/cell" is proportional to "dose rate", that is, Y = kx + b. (3) "(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/Cell" is a quadratic linear relationship with dose rate, that is, y = ax2 + bx + c. (4) We created a "Unity Standard Curve of Biological Dose Estimation". Creating a Unity Standard Curve of Biological Dose, under these circumstances, we can form a joint and rapid response to a nuclear and radiological accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Joint Laboratory of Institute of Radiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Zhao H, Qu M, Li Y, Wen K, Xu H, Song M, Xie D, Ao X, Gong Y, Sui L, Guan H, Zhou P, Xie J. An estimate assay for low-level exposure to ionizing radiation based on mass spectrometry quantification of γ-H2AX in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1031743. [PMID: 36388350 PMCID: PMC9651621 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1031743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental ionizing radiation (IR) is ubiquitous, and large-dose exposure to IR is known to cause DNA damage and genotoxicity which is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Whether such detrimental effects are caused by exposure to low-dose IR is still debated. Therefore, rapid and early estimation of absorbed doses of IR in individuals, especially at low levels, using radiation response markers is a pivotal step for early triage during radiological incidents to provide adequate and timely clinical interventions. However, there is currently a crucial shortage of methods capable of determining the extent of low-dose IR exposure to human beings. The phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 (designated γ-H2AX), a classic biological dosimeter, can be used to evaluate the DNA damage response. We have developed an estimation assay for low-level exposure to IR based on the mass spectrometry quantification of γ-H2AX in blood. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes sensitive to low-dose IR, maintaining low temperature (4°C) and adding enzyme inhibitor are proven to be key steps, possibly insuring that a stable and marked γ-H2AX signal in blood cells exposed to low-dose IR could be detected. For the first time, DNA damage at low dose exposures to IR as low as 0.01 Gy were observed using the sensitive variation of γ-H2AX with high throughput mass spectrometry quantification in human peripheral blood, which is more accurate than the previously reported methods by virtue of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry, and can observe the time effect of DNA damage. These in vitro cellular dynamic monitoring experiments show that DNA damage occurred rapidly and then was repaired slowly over the passage of post-irradiation time even after exposure to very low IR doses. This assay was also used to assess different radiation exposures at the in vitro cellular level. These results demonstrate the potential utility of this assay in radiation biodosimetry and environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minmin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Man Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dafei Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkun Ao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Gong
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sui
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hua Guan
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China,Pingkun Zhou
| | - Jianwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China,Jianwei Xie
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Miszczyk J, Gałaś A, Panek A, Kowalska A, Kostkiewicz M, Borkowska E, Brudecki K. Genotoxicity Associated with 131I and 99mTc Exposure in Nuclear Medicine Staff: A Physical and Biological Monitoring Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101655. [PMID: 35626692 PMCID: PMC9139973 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear medicine staff are constantly exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. This study investigated the level of genotoxic effects in hospital employees exposed to routinely used 131I and 99mTc in comparison with a control group. The study compared the results of physical and biological monitoring in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The effects of confounding factors, such as smoking status and physical activity, were also considered. Physical dosimetry monitoring revealed differences in the individual annual effective dose as measured by finger ring dosimeter and whole-body dosimeter between the 131I- and 99mTc-exposed groups. The DNA damage studies revealed differences between the groups in terms of excess premature chromosome condensation (PCC) fragments and tail DNA. Physical activity and smoking status differentiated the investigated groups. When assessed by the level of physical activity, the highest mean values of tail DNA were observed for the 99mTc group. When assessed by work-related physical effort, excess PCC fragments were significantly higher in the 131I group than in the control group. In the investigated groups, the tail DNA values were significantly different between non-smokers and past or current smokers, but excess PCC fragments did not significantly differ by smoking status. It is important to measure exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation and assess the potential risk from this exposure. Such investigations support the need to continue epidemiological and experimental studies to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of the health effects of radionuclides and to develop predictive models of the behavior of these complex systems in response to low-dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Miszczyk
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksander Gałaś
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Aldona Kowalska
- Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kostkiewicz
- Heart and Vascular Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland;
- Nuclear Medicine Department, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Eliza Borkowska
- Nuclear Medicine Department, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Kamil Brudecki
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Kraków, Poland;
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