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Gunasingam G, He R, Taladriz-Blanco P, Balog S, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Combining analytical techniques to assess the translocation of diesel particles across an alveolar tissue barrier in vitro. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:26. [PMID: 38778339 PMCID: PMC11110323 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During inhalation, airborne particles such as particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), can deposit and accumulate on the alveolar epithelial tissue. In vivo studies have shown that fractions of PM2.5 can cross the alveolar epithelium to blood circulation, reaching secondary organs beyond the lungs. However, approaches to quantify the translocation of particles across the alveolar epithelium in vivo and in vitro are still not well established. In this study, methods to assess the translocation of standard diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) across permeable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) inserts at 0.4, 1, and 3 μm pore sizes were first optimized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), and lock-in thermography (LIT), which were then applied to study the translocation of DEPs across human alveolar epithelial type II (A549) cells. A549 cells that grew on the membrane (pore size: 3 μm) in inserts were exposed to DEPs at different concentrations from 0 to 80 µg.mL- 1 ( 0 to 44 µg.cm- 2) for 24 h. After exposure, the basal fraction was collected and then analyzed by combining qualitative (TEM) and quantitative (UV-VIS and LIT) techniques to assess the translocated fraction of the DEPs across the alveolar epithelium in vitro. RESULTS We could detect the translocated fraction of DEPs across the PET membranes with 3 μm pore sizes and without cells by TEM analysis, and determine the percentage of translocation at approximatively 37% by UV-VIS (LOD: 1.92 µg.mL- 1) and 75% by LIT (LOD: 0.20 µg.cm- 2). In the presence of cells, the percentage of DEPs translocation across the alveolar tissue was determined around 1% at 20 and 40 µg.mL- 1 (11 and 22 µg.cm- 2), and no particles were detected at higher and lower concentrations. Interestingly, simultaneous exposure of A549 cells to DEPs and EDTA can increase the translocation of DEPs in the basal fraction. CONCLUSION We propose a combination of analytical techniques to assess the translocation of DEPs across lung tissues. Our results reveal a low percentage of translocation of DEPs across alveolar epithelial tissue in vitro and they correspond to in vivo findings. The combination approach can be applied to any traffic-generated particles, thus enabling us to understand their involvement in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowsinth Gunasingam
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Ruiwen He
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Taladriz-Blanco
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
- Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 8, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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Zimmermann EJ, Candeias J, Gawlitta N, Bisig C, Binder S, Pantzke J, Offer S, Rastak N, Bauer S, Huber A, Kuhn E, Buters J, Groeger T, Delaval MN, Oeder S, Di Bucchianico S, Zimmermann R. Biological impact of sequential exposures to allergens and ultrafine particle-rich combustion aerosol on human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells at the air liquid interface. J Appl Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 36869434 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases is constantly increasing since few decades. Anthropogenic ultrafine particles (UFPs) and allergenic aerosols is highly involved in this increase; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms are not yet understood. Studies observing these effects focused mainly on singular in vivo or in vitro exposures of single particle sources, while there is only limited evidence on their subsequent or combined effects. Our study aimed at evaluating the effect of subsequent exposures to allergy-related anthropogenic and biogenic aerosols on cellular mechanism exposed at air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions. Bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to UFP-rich combustion aerosols for 2 h with or without allergen pre-exposure to birch pollen extract (BPE) or house dust mite extract (HDME). The physicochemical properties of the generated particles were characterized by state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation. We evaluated the cellular response in terms of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and in-depth gene expression profiling. We observed that single exposures with UFP, BPE, and HDME cause genotoxicity. Exposure to UFP induced pro-inflammatory canonical pathways, shifting to a more xenobiotic-related response with longer preincubation time. With additional allergen exposure, the modulation of pro-inflammatory and xenobiotic signaling was more pronounced and appeared faster. Moreover, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling activation showed to be an important feature of UFP toxicity, which was especially pronounced upon pre-exposure. In summary, we were able to demonstrate the importance of subsequent exposure studies to understand realistic exposure situations and to identify possible adjuvant allergic effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Josef Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Joana Candeias
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University Munich, Munich, 80802, Germany
| | - Nadine Gawlitta
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bisig
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Binder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jana Pantzke
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Svenja Offer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Narges Rastak
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Huber
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kuhn
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jeroen Buters
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University Munich, Munich, 80802, Germany
| | - Thomas Groeger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mathilde N Delaval
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Romano M, González Gómez MA, Santonicola P, Aloi N, Offer S, Pantzke J, Raccosta S, Longo V, Surpi A, Alacqua S, Zampi G, Dediu VA, Michalke B, Zimmerman R, Manno M, Piñeiro Y, Colombo P, Di Schiavi E, Rivas J, Bergese P, Di Bucchianico S. Synthesis and Characterization of a Biocompatible Nanoplatform Based on Silica-Embedded SPIONs Functionalized with Polydopamine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:303-317. [PMID: 36490313 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have gained increasing interest in nanomedicine, but most of those that have entered the clinical trials have been withdrawn due to toxicity concerns. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design low-risk and biocompatible SPION formulations. In this work, we present an original safe-by-design nanoplatform made of silica nanoparticles loaded with SPIONs and decorated with polydopamine (SPIONs@SiO2-PDA) and the study of its biocompatibility performance by an ad hoc thorough in vitro to in vivo nanotoxicological methodology. The results indicate that the SPIONs@SiO2-PDA have excellent colloidal stability in serum-supplemented culture media, even after long-term (24 h) exposure, showing no cytotoxic or genotoxic effects in vitro and ex vivo. Physiological responses, evaluated in vivo using Caenorhabditis elegans as the animal model, showed no impact on fertility and embryonic viability, induction of an oxidative stress response, and a mild impact on animal locomotion. These tests indicate that the synergistic combination of the silica matrix and PDA coating we developed effectively protects the SPIONs, providing enhanced colloidal stability and excellent biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Romano
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia25123, Italy.,Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Florence50019, Italy.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Manuel Antonio González Gómez
- NANOMAG Laboratory, Applied Physics Department, iMATUS Materials Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela15782, Spain
| | - Pamela Santonicola
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples80131, Italy
| | - Noemi Aloi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo90146, Italy
| | - Svenja Offer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Jana Pantzke
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo90146, Italy
| | - Valeria Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo90146, Italy
| | - Alessandro Surpi
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna40129, Italy
| | - Silvia Alacqua
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia25123, Italy.,Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Florence50019, Italy.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Zampi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples80131, Italy
| | - Valentin Alek Dediu
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna40129, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmerman
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo90146, Italy
| | - Yolanda Piñeiro
- NANOMAG Laboratory, Applied Physics Department, iMATUS Materials Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela15782, Spain
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo90146, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples80131, Italy
| | - José Rivas
- NANOMAG Laboratory, Applied Physics Department, iMATUS Materials Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela15782, Spain
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia25123, Italy.,Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Florence50019, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg85764, Germany
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