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Eckel AM, Liyanage R, Kurotori T, Pini R. Spatial Moment Analysis of Convective Mixing in Three-Dimensional Porous Media Using X-ray CT Images. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Eckel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South KensingtonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Liyanage
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Takeshi Kurotori
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Ronny Pini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South KensingtonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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De N, Singh N, Fulcrand R, Méheust Y, Meunier P, Nadal F. Two-dimensional micromodels for studying the convective dissolution of carbon dioxide in 2D water-saturated porous media. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4645-4655. [PMID: 36341945 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Convective dissolution is a perennial trapping mechanism of carbon dioxide in geological formations saturated with an aqueous phase. This process, which couples dissolution of supercritical CO2, convection of the liquid containing the dissolved CO2, and mixing of the latter within the liquid, has so far not been studied in two-dimensional porous media. In order to do so, two-dimensional (2D) porous micromodels (patterned Hele-Shaw cells) have been fabricated from UV-curable NOA63 glue. NOA63 is used instead of PDMS, which is permeable to CO2 and does not allow for a controlled no flux boundary condition at the walls. The novel fabrication protocol proposed here, based on the bonding of a patterned photo-lithographed NOA63 layer on a flat NOA63 base, shows good reproducibility regardless of the patterns' typical size, and allows for easy filling of the cell despite the small value of the gap. A pressure chamber allows pressurizing the CO2 and outside of the flow cell up to 10 bars. Experiments were performed in 11 different porous media geometries. As expected, a gravitational fingering instability is observed upon injection of gaseous carbon dioxide in the cell, resulting in the downwards migration of dissolved CO2 plumes through the 2D porous structure. The initial wavelength of the fingers is larger in the presence of a hexagonal lattice of pillars. This effect can be correctly predicted from the theory for the gravitational instability in a Hele-Shaw cell devoid of pillars, provided that the permeability of the hexagonal porous medium is considered in the theory instead of that of the Hele-Shaw cell. Fluctuations around the theoretical prediction observed in the data are mostly attributed to a hitherto unknown weak locking of the wavelength on the distance between closest pillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy De
- Wolfson school of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Naval Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Remy Fulcrand
- Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Méheust
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Geosciences Rennes (UMR6118), 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Patrice Meunier
- IRPHE, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - François Nadal
- Wolfson school of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
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Teng Y, Wang P, Jiang L, Liu Y, Wei Y. New Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Characterization of Density-Driven Convective Instability. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040661. [PMID: 33672202 PMCID: PMC7926717 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2 convective dissolution has been regarded as one of the fundamental mechanisms to accelerate the mass transfer of CO2 into brine. We present a new spectrophotometric method to characterize the convective instability and measure the dissolved CO2 mass, which enables the real-time quantitative visualization of CO2/brine transport mechanisms. Successive images were captured to identify the finger development regimes, and the convection morphologies were analyzed by the fingers length and affected area. CO2 solubility was experimentally studied, and the results are in agreement with the theoretical calculations. CO2 mass transfer flux was investigated as the Sherwood number changed. The increase in salinity and temperature has a negative effect on CO2 dissolution; here, numerical simulation and experimental phenomena are qualitatively consistent. In general, these findings confirm the feasibility of the method and improve the understanding of the physical process of CO2 convective dissolution, which can help assess the CO2 solubility trapping mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Teng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lanlan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yang Wei
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
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Jiang L, Wang S, Liu D, Zhang W, Lu G, Liu Y, Zhao J. Change in Convection Mixing Properties with Salinity and Temperature: CO 2 Storage Application. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092084. [PMID: 32937738 PMCID: PMC7570007 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we visualised CO2-brine, density-driven convection in a Hele-Shaw cell. Several experiments were conducted to analyse the effects of the salinity and temperature. The salinity and temperature of fluids were selected according to the storage site. By using charge coupled device (CCD) technology, convection finger formation and development were obtained through direct imaging and processing. The process can be divided into three stages: diffusion-dominated, convection-dominated and shutdown stages. Fingers were formed along the boundary at the onset time, reflecting the startup of convection mixing. Fingers formed, moved and aggregated with adjacent fingers during the convection-dominated stage. The relative migration of brine-saturated CO2 and brine enhanced the mass transfer. The effects of salinity and temperature on finger formation, number, and migration were analysed. Increasing the salinity accelerated finger formation but suppressed finger movement, and the onset time was inversely related to the salinity. However, the effect of temperature on convection is complex. The dissolved CO2 mass was investigated by calculating the CO2 mass fraction in brine during convection mixing. The results show that convection mixing greatly enhanced mass transfer. The study has implications for predicting the CO2 dissolution trapping time and accumulation for the geological storage of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu Liu
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
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Wang S, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Yu B, Yin Y, Song Y. Enhanced Mass Transfer by Density-Driven Convection during CO 2 Geological Storage. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lanlan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bin Yu
- China Ship Design & Research Center Co. Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Yin
- China Ship Design & Research Center Co. Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongchen Song
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Tang Y, Li Z, Wang R, Cui M, Wang X, Lun Z, Lu Y. Experimental Study on the Density-Driven Carbon Dioxide Convective Diffusion in Formation Water at Reservoir Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11082-11092. [PMID: 31460206 PMCID: PMC6648360 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Density-driven convection, which can accelerate the dissolution rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) in resident brine, is critical for the long-term fate of the injected CO2 permanence and security of CO2 geological storage. Visualization experiments and pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) testing were conducted to investigate the influence from gravitational convection. For investigate gravitational instabilities and convective diffusion, we designed a Hele-Shaw cell rated to 70 MPa and Rayleigh number of 346 to conduct visualization experiments with the micro-schlieren technique. The average diffusion coefficient and time-dependent values were measured in the PVT experiments. We also calculated the convection parameters, including Rayleigh number and critical onset time, with a series of PVT testing at the temperature ranging 293.15-423.15 K and pressure ranging 14-24 MPa by using the constant-pressure method. Through visualization experiments, we observed convective currents triggered by the density gradient in the gas-liquid interface, which noticeably enhanced the CO2 dissolution rate. The PVT testing confirmed that the diffusion coefficient increased sharply under the influence of the gravitational convection at the early stage and then decreased toward the average diffusion coefficient with time. The PVT testing also demonstrated the Rayleigh number increasing with temperature or pressure increasing under the reservoir conditions. The gravitational convection will be more likely to occur and more rapid with a greater pressure or higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Tang
- Petroleum
Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department
of Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia
Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Petroleum
Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Maolei Cui
- Petroleum
Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Petroleum
Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zengmin Lun
- Petroleum
Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Lu
- School
of Business, Beijing Technology and Business
University, Beijing 100048, China
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