MR Imaging of the Aorta

The Role of CTA, MRA, and Sonography in Aortic Dissection

Aortic dissection is an emergent condition requiring rapid diagnosis and immediate treatment. Patients with aortic dissection typically present with complaints of a sudden onset of severe abdominal and back pain. Patients with a suspected dissection may undergo a variety of imaging tests such as computed tomography angiography, sonography, and/or magnetic resonance angiography. The role of these diagnostic imaging modalities for aortic dissection is examined in detail in this literature review. These imaging modalities are compared and contrasted by reviewing their advantages, disadvantages, and overall effectiveness for aortic dissection.

Cardiovascular findings and management in Turner syndrome: insights from a French cohort

OBJECTIVE

Congenital cardiovascular malformations and aortic dilatation are frequent in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). The objective of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular findings and management in a large cohort of patients, including children and adults.

DESIGN/METHODS

We recruited 336 patients with TS from a network of tertiary centers. We reviewed their files, checking for cardiovascular events, cardiac valve abnormalities, and aortic diameters indexed to body surface area (BSA) from magnetic resonance imaging (n=110) or echocardiography (n=300).

RESULTS

Informative cardiovascular data were available for only 233 patients. Vascular surgery was reported in 7.4% of the cohort. The first cause of surgery was aortic coarctation, detected in 6.9% at a median age of 9.5 (range: 0-60) years. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) was detected in 21% at a median age of 20 years (25th-75th percentiles: 15-30). At least one aortic diameter exceeded 32 mm in 12% of the cohort. This was detected at a median age of 19 (7-30) years. When indexed to BSA, at least one aortic diameter exceeded 20 mm/m(2) in 39% of the cohort.

CONCLUSION

Our study shows that cardiovascular monitoring for TS patients is currently insufficient in France. BAV is present at birth, but often remains undiagnosed until later in life. Therefore, improved management in cardiovascular monitoring is required and a more systematic approach should be taken.

[Useful imaging techniques in the diagnosis and follow up of large vessel vasculitis: eco-doppler, angio-CT, angio-RM]

Although most vasculitis require histological proof for a definitive diagnosis, diagnostic imaging can be very helpful in this regard, allowing a proper evaluation of the vascular system and monitoring the response to treatment. Even though vasculitis is constituted by different pathological substrates, they show a common semiologic pattern from a radiological standpoint which is represented by inflammation, arterial wall thickening, and potential secondary development of vascular stenosis, occlusions or aneurysms. Differential diagnosis among diverse entities is based, beside clinical criteria, on the anatomical location and topography of the affected vascular territory. The general radiologic semiology is described in this paper from the perspective of the different imaging techniques, addressing their main advantages and drawbacks. Proper knowledge of this techniques will allow us to select the most appropiate one for each clinical condition.