Pediatric Mediastinal Masses:: Role of MR Imaging as a Problem-Solving Tool

Imaging evaluation of the pediatric mediastinum: new International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group classification system for children

Mediastinal masses are commonly identified in the pediatric population with cross-sectional imaging central to the diagnosis and management of these lesions. With greater anatomical definition afforded by cross-sectional imaging, classification of mediastinal masses into the traditional anterior, middle and posterior mediastinal compartments - as based on the lateral chest radiograph - has diminishing application. In recent years, the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) classification system of mediastinal masses, which is cross-sectionally based, has garnered acceptance by multiple thoracic societies and been applied in adults. Therefore, there is a need for pediatric radiologists to clearly understand the ITMIG classification system and how it applies to the pediatric population. The main purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of common pediatric mediastinal masses and mediastinal manifestations of systemic disease processes in the pediatric population based on the new ITMIG classification system.

Large airway diseases in pediatrics: a pictorial essay

“Large airway diseases” is being used as an all-encompassing phrase to describe a broad spectrum of pathological entities, which involves the trachea, main, lobar, and segmental bronchi of up to 3 mm diameter. Imaging modalities such as radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging contribute to the identification and diagnosis of each entity. Knowledge of clinical information, normal cross-sectional anatomy, and imaging characteristics of large airway diseases is necessary for appropriate radiologic evaluation. This review provides information about congenital and acquired diseases of the large airways in the pediatric population.