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Bobyk L, Vianna F, Martinez JS, Gruel G, Benderitter M, Baldeyron C. Differential Recruitment of DNA Repair Proteins KU70/80 and RAD51 upon Microbeam Irradiation with α-Particles. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1652. [PMID: 36421365 PMCID: PMC9687314 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In addition to representing a significant part of the natural background radiation exposure, α-particles are thought to be a powerful tool for targeted radiotherapy treatments. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of recognition, signaling, and repair of α-particle-induced DNA damage is not only important in assessing the risk associated with human exposure, but can also potentially help in identifying ways of improving the efficacy of radiation treatment. α-particles (He2+ ions), as well as other types of ionizing radiation, and can cause a wide variety of DNA lesions, including DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In mammalian cells, DNA DSBs can be repaired by two major pathways: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Here, we investigated their dynamics in mouse NIH-3T3 cells through the recruitment of key proteins, such as the KU heterodimer for NHEJ and RAD51 for HR upon localized α-particle irradiation. To deliver α-particles, we used the MIRCOM microbeam, which allows targeting of subnuclear structures with submicron accuracy. Using mouse NIH-3T3 cells, we found that the KU heterodimer is recruited much earlier at DNA damage sites marked by H2AX phosphorylation than RAD51. We also observed that the difference in the response of the KU complex and RAD51 is not only in terms of time, but also in function of the chromatin nature. The use of a microbeam such as MIRCOM, represents a powerful tool to study more precisely the cellular response to ionizing irradiation in a spatiotemporal fashion at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bobyk
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - François Vianna
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherches en Dosimétrie (SDOS), Laboratoire de Micro-Irradiation, de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), F-13115 Cadarache, France
| | - Juan S. Martinez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Gaëtan Gruel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Céline Baldeyron
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
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A simple microscopy setup for visualizing cellular responses to DNA damage at particle accelerator facilities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14528. [PMID: 34267233 PMCID: PMC8282881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) not only promote genomic integrity in healthy tissues, but also largely determine the efficacy of many DNA-damaging cancer treatments, including X-ray and particle therapies. A growing body of evidence suggests that activation of the mechanisms that detect, signal and repair DSBs may depend on the complexity of the initiating DNA lesions. Studies focusing on this, as well as on many other radiobiological questions, require reliable methods to induce DSBs of varying complexity, and to visualize the ensuing cellular responses. Accelerated particles of different energies and masses are exceptionally well suited for this task, due to the nature of their physical interactions with the intracellular environment, but visualizing cellular responses to particle-induced damage - especially in their early stages - at particle accelerator facilities, remains challenging. Here we describe a straightforward approach for real-time imaging of early response to particle-induced DNA damage. We rely on a transportable setup with an inverted fluorescence confocal microscope, tilted at a small angle relative to the particle beam, such that cells can be irradiated and imaged without any microscope or beamline modifications. Using this setup, we image and analyze the accumulation of fluorescently-tagged MDC1, RNF168 and 53BP1-key factors involved in DSB signalling-at DNA lesions induced by 254 MeV α-particles. Our results provide a demonstration of technical feasibility and reveal asynchronous initiation of accumulation of these proteins at different individual DSBs.
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Laser Mutagenesis of Phellinus igniarius Protoplasts for the Selective Breeding of Strains with High Laccase Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:584-600. [PMID: 31399928 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus igniarius is a medicinal fungus that utilizes lignin as a nutrient substrate. This fungus has a weak lignin degradation ability and, as a result, a slow growth rate. Laccases are crucial enzymes for lignin degradation in P. igniarius, and thus, the cultivation of strains with high laccase activity is expected to increase the growth rate of P. igniarius. To generate P. igniarius strains with high laccase activity, we performed laser mutagenesis of P. igniarius protoplasts and screened for mutants with high laccase activity. Our results showed that the laser power density and P. igniarius protoplast survival rate exhibited a power-function relationship. The power density threshold value between lethality and growth promotion was 0.24 mW/mm2. Mutagenesis was carried out using a laser beam diameter of 3 mm and an irradiation period of 40 min. After five generations of selection, we identified a high laccase activity strain, termed SJZ2. The laccase activity in SJZ2 during 4 h of fermentation was increased by 36.84% in comparison with the control and ranged from 0.20216 to 0.27664 U. The Km and Vmax of the laccase produced by SJZ2 were 0.21 mmol/mL and 0.53 mmol/L/min, respectively. This study demonstrated the feasibility of laser mutagenesis of P. igniarius protoplasts for the selection of high laccase activity. This study characterized the key factors in the laser mutagenesis process of P. igniarius protoplasts and provided a reference for the application of lasers in biological mutagenesis. Future studies should evaluate the bioactive functionality and stability of this novel strain of P. igniarius, particularly the organoleptic and medical characteristics of the fruiting bodies.
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Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are a serious threat to genome stability and cell viability. Accurate detection of DSBs is critical for the basic understanding of cellular response to ionizing radiation. Recruitment and retention of DNA repair and response proteins at DSBs can be conveniently visualized by fluorescence imaging (often called ionizing radiation-induced foci) both in live and fixed cells. In this chapter, we describe a live cell imaging methodology that directly monitors induction and repair of single DSB, recruitment kinetics of DSB repair/sensor factors to DSB sites, and dynamic interaction of DSB repair/sensor proteins with DSBs at single-cell level. Additionally, the methodology described in this chapter can be readily adapted to other DSBs repair/sensor factors and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Mori
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aroumougame Asaithamby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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5
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Oliver PAK, Thomson RM. Microdosimetric considerations for radiation response studies using Raman spectroscopy. Med Phys 2018; 45:4734-4743. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. K. Oliver
- Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics; Physics Dept.; Carleton University; Ottawa K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Rowan M. Thomson
- Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics; Physics Dept.; Carleton University; Ottawa K1S 5B6 Canada
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Ghita M, Fernandez-Palomo C, Fukunaga H, Fredericia PM, Schettino G, Bräuer-Krisch E, Butterworth KT, McMahon SJ, Prise KM. Microbeam evolution: from single cell irradiation to pre-clinical studies. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:708-718. [PMID: 29309203 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1425807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review follows the development of microbeam technology from the early days of single cell irradiations, to investigations of specific cellular mechanisms and to the development of new treatment modalities in vivo. A number of microbeam applications are discussed with a focus on pre-clinical modalities and translation towards clinical application. CONCLUSIONS The development of radiation microbeams has been a valuable tool for the exploration of fundamental radiobiological response mechanisms. The strength of micro-irradiation techniques lies in their ability to deliver precise doses of radiation to selected individual cells in vitro or even to target subcellular organelles. These abilities have led to the development of a range of microbeam facilities around the world allowing the delivery of precisely defined beams of charged particles, X-rays, or electrons. In addition, microbeams have acted as mechanistic probes to dissect the underlying molecular events of the DNA damage response following highly localized dose deposition. Further advances in very precise beam delivery have also enabled the transition towards new and exciting therapeutic modalities developed at synchrotrons to deliver radiotherapy using plane parallel microbeams, in Microbeam Radiotherapy (MRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ghita
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | | | - Hisanori Fukunaga
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Pil M Fredericia
- c Centre for Nuclear Technologies , Technical University of Denmark , Roskilde , Denmark
| | | | | | - Karl T Butterworth
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- a Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , UK
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A mechanistic study of gold nanoparticle radiosensitisation using targeted microbeam irradiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44752. [PMID: 28300190 PMCID: PMC5353761 DOI: 10.1038/srep44752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been demonstrated as effective radiosensitizing agents in a range of preclinical models using broad field sources of various energies. This study aimed to distinguish between these mechanisms by applying subcellular targeting using a soft X-ray microbeam in combination with GNPs. DNA damage and repair kinetics were determined following nuclear and cytoplasmic irradiation using a soft X-ray (carbon K-shell, 278 eV) microbeam in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and AG01522 fibroblast cells with and without GNPs. To investigate the mechanism of the GNP induced radiosensitization, GNP-induced mitochondrial depolarisation was quantified by TMRE staining, and levels of DNA damage were compared in cells with depolarised and functional mitochondria. Differential effects were observed following radiation exposure between the two cell lines. These findings were validated 24 hours after removal of GNPs by flow cytometry analysis of mitochondrial depolarisation. This study provides further evidence that GNP radiosensitisation is mediated by mitochondrial function and it is the first report applying a soft X-ray microbeam to study the radiobiological effects of GNPs to enable the separation of physical and biological effects.
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Muggiolu G, Pomorski M, Claverie G, Berthet G, Mer-Calfati C, Saada S, Devès G, Simon M, Seznec H, Barberet P. Single α-particle irradiation permits real-time visualization of RNF8 accumulation at DNA damaged sites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41764. [PMID: 28139723 PMCID: PMC5282495 DOI: 10.1038/srep41764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As well as being a significant source of environmental radiation exposure, α-particles are increasingly considered for use in targeted radiation therapy. A better understanding of α-particle induced damage at the DNA scale can be achieved by following their tracks in real-time in targeted living cells. Focused α-particle microbeams can facilitate this but, due to their low energy (up to a few MeV) and limited range, α-particles detection, delivery, and follow-up observations of radiation-induced damage remain difficult. In this study, we developed a thin Boron-doped Nano-Crystalline Diamond membrane that allows reliable single α-particles detection and single cell irradiation with negligible beam scattering. The radiation-induced responses of single 3 MeV α-particles delivered with focused microbeam are visualized in situ over thirty minutes after irradiation by the accumulation of the GFP-tagged RNF8 protein at DNA damaged sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muggiolu
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - Michal Pomorski
- CEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Gérard Claverie
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - Guillaume Berthet
- CEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | | | - Samuel Saada
- CEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Guillaume Devès
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - Marina Simon
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - Hervé Seznec
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - Philippe Barberet
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175 Gradignan, France
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9
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Rakowski JT, Tucker MA, Snyder MG, Makar SP, Yudele M, Burmeister J, Joiner MC. Extrapolation Ionization Chamber Dosimetry of Fluorescent X-Ray Energies from 4.5 to 19.6 keV. Radiat Res 2016; 186:283-91. [PMID: 27548518 DOI: 10.1667/rr14384.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Characteristic X rays of energies less than approximately 20 keV are of interest in radiobiology and radiation oncology. There is evidence that these low-energy photons produce higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and lower oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) relative to higher energies. Lower energy X rays also offer the advantage of healthy tissue sparing beyond the target treatment depth. Electronic brachytherapy systems that can deliver characteristic and bremsstrahlung X rays of varying energy are in clinical use as well as under development. We performed low-energy extrapolation ionization chamber dosimetry using two methods: 1. the exposure-to-dose method; and 2. the Burlin theory method combined with the extrapolation chamber method of Klevenhagen. We investigated fluorescent X rays emitted from seven metals: titanium (Ti, Z = 22); chromium (Cr, Z = 24); iron (Fe, Z = 26); cobalt (Co, Z = 27); copper (Cu, Z = 29); zinc (Zn, Z = 30); and molybdenum (Mo, Z = 42). X rays were produced by irradiation of the metals with a 55 kVp, 45 mA silver anode spectrum. The data obtained were air kerma rate (cGy/min), and radiation dose rate (cGy/min) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution and water. Air kerma rates ranged from 3.55 ± 0.10 to 14.36 ± 0.39 cGy/min. Dose rates ranged from 3.85 ± 0.10 to 16.96 ± 0.46 cGy/min in PBS and 3.59 ± 0.10 to 16.06 ± 0.43 cGy/min in water. Dose-rate energy dependence of both models was examined by taking a ratio of measured to Monte Carlo calculated dose rates. Dosimetry method 1 exhibited a linear relationship across all energies with a slope of 0.0127 keV(-1) and R(2) of 0.9276. Method 2 exhibited a linear relationship across all energies with a slope of 0.0467 keV(-1) and R(2) of 0.9933. Method 1 or 2 may be used as a relative dosimetry system to derive dose rates to water by using a second reference ion chamber with a NIST-traceable calibration for the molybdenum spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Rakowski
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mark A Tucker
- b Department of Radiation Oncology, Missouri Cancer Associates, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael G Snyder
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Simon P Makar
- c Department of Radiation Oncology, Horizon Medical Services, Coral Springs, Florida; and
| | - Mark Yudele
- d Department of Radiation Oncology, McLaren-Macomb, Mt. Clemens, Michigan
| | - Jay Burmeister
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael C Joiner
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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10
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Kouwenberg JJM, Ulrich L, Jäkel O, Greilich S. A 3D feature point tracking method for ion radiation. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:4088-104. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/11/4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gagliardi FM, Cornelius I, Blencowe A, Franich RD, Geso M. High resolution 3D imaging of synchrotron generated microbeams. Med Phys 2015; 42:6973-86. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4935410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Byrne HL, Domanova W, McNamara AL, Incerti S, Kuncic Z. The cytoplasm as a radiation target: an in silico study of microbeam cell irradiation. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:2325-37. [PMID: 25715947 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/6/2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We performed in silico microbeam cell irradiation modelling to quantitatively investigate ionisations resulting from soft x-ray and alpha particle microbeams targeting the cytoplasm of a realistic cell model. Our results on the spatial distribution of ionisations show that as x-rays are susceptible to scatter within a cell that can lead to ionisations in the nucleus, soft x-ray microbeams may not be suitable for investigating the DNA damage response to radiation targeting the cytoplasm alone. In contrast, ionisations from an ideal alpha microbeam are tightly confined to the cytoplasm, but a realistic alpha microbeam degrades upon interaction with components upstream of the cellular target. Thus it is difficult to completely rule out a contribution from alpha particle hits to the nucleus when investigating DNA damage response to cytoplasmic irradiation. We find that although the cytoplasm targeting efficiency of an alpha microbeam is better than that of a soft x-ray microbeam (the probability of stray alphas hitting the nucleus is 0.2% compared to 3.6% for x-rays), stray alphas produce more ionisations in the nucleus and thus have greater potential for initiating damage responses therein. Our results suggest that observed biological responses to cytoplasmic irradiation include a small component that can be attributed to stray ionisations in the nucleus resulting from the stochastic nature of particle interactions that cause out-of-beam scatter. This contribution is difficult to isolate experimentally, thus demonstrating the value of the in silico approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Byrne
- Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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13
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Sprung CN, Ivashkevich A, Forrester HB, Redon CE, Georgakilas A, Martin OA. Oxidative DNA damage caused by inflammation may link to stress-induced non-targeted effects. Cancer Lett 2013; 356:72-81. [PMID: 24041866 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A spectrum of radiation-induced non-targeted effects has been reported during the last two decades since Nagasawa and Little first described a phenomenon in cultured cells that was later called the "bystander effect". These non-targeted effects include radiotherapy-related abscopal effects, where changes in organs or tissues occur distant from the irradiated region. The spectrum of non-targeted effects continue to broaden over time and now embrace many types of exogenous and endogenous stressors that induce a systemic genotoxic response including a widely studied tumor microenvironment. Here we discuss processes and factors leading to DNA damage induction in non-targeted cells and tissues and highlight similarities in the regulation of systemic effects caused by different stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl N Sprung
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Alesia Ivashkevich
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen B Forrester
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christophe E Redon
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandros Georgakilas
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga A Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Butterworth KT, McMahon SJ, Hounsell AR, O'Sullivan JM, Prise KM. Bystander signalling: exploring clinical relevance through new approaches and new models. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2013; 25:586-92. [PMID: 23849503 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Classical radiation biology research has centred on nuclear DNA as the main target of radiation-induced damage. Over the past two decades, this has been challenged by a significant amount of scientific evidence clearly showing radiation-induced cell signalling effects to have important roles in mediating overall radiobiological response. These effects, generally termed radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBEs) have challenged the traditional DNA targeted theory in radiation biology and highlighted an important role for cells not directly traversed by radiation. The multiplicity of experimental systems and exposure conditions in which RIBEs have been observed has hindered precise definitions of these effects. However, RIBEs have recently been classified for different relevant human radiation exposure scenarios in an attempt to clarify their role in vivo. Despite significant research efforts in this area, there is little direct evidence for their role in clinically relevant exposure scenarios. In this review, we explore the clinical relevance of RIBEs from classical experimental approaches through to novel models that have been used to further determine their potential implications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Butterworth
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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15
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Liu W, Zhang X, Liu K, Zhang S, Duan Y. Laser-induced fluorescence: Progress and prospective for in vivo cancer diagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Byrne HL, McNamara AL, Domanova W, Guatelli S, Kuncic Z. Radiation damage on sub-cellular scales: beyond DNA. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:1251-67. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/5/1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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In silico nanodosimetry: new insights into nontargeted biological responses to radiation. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2012; 2012:147252. [PMID: 22701142 PMCID: PMC3371690 DOI: 10.1155/2012/147252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-held view that radiation-induced biological damage must be initiated in the cell nucleus, either on or near DNA itself, is being confronted by mounting evidence to suggest otherwise. While the efficacy of cell death may be determined by radiation damage to nuclear DNA, a plethora of less deterministic biological responses has been observed when DNA is not targeted. These so-called nontargeted responses cannot be understood in the framework of DNA-centric radiobiological models; what is needed are new physically motivated models that address the damage-sensing signalling pathways triggered by the production of reactive free radicals. To this end, we have conducted a series of in silico experiments aimed at elucidating the underlying physical processes responsible for nontargeted biological responses to radiation. Our simulation studies implement new results on very low-energy electromagnetic interactions in liquid water (applicable down to nanoscales) and we also consider a realistic simulation of extranuclear microbeam irradiation of a cell. Our results support the idea that organelles with important functional roles, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, as well as membranes, are viable targets for ionizations and excitations, and their chemical composition and density are critical to determining the free radical yield and ensuing biological responses.
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