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Jiang Y, Tan Y, Xiao K, Li X, Shao K, Song J, Kong X, Shi J. pH-Regulating Nanoplatform for the "Double Channel Chase " of Tumor Cells by the Synergistic Cascade between Chlorine Treatment and Methionine-Depletion Starvation Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54690-54705. [PMID: 34761894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During rapid proliferation and metabolism, tumor cells show a high dependence on methionine. The deficiency of methionine exhibits significant inhibition on tumor growth, which provides a potential therapeutic target in tumor therapy. Herein, ClO2-loaded nanoparticles (fluvastatin sodium&metformin&bupivacaine&ClO2@CaSiO3@MnO2-arginine-glycine-aspatic acid (RGD) (MFBC@CMR) NPs) were prepared for synergistic chlorine treatment and methionine-depletion starvation therapy. After outer layer MnO2 was degraded in the high glutathione (GSH) tumor microenvironment (TME), MFBC@CMR NPs released metformin (Me) to target the mitochondria, thus interfering with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and promoting the production of lactate. In addition, released fluvastatin sodium (Flu) by the NPs acted on monocarboxylic acid transporter 4 (MCT4) in the cell membrane to inhibit lactate leakage and induce a decrease of intracellular pH, further prompting the NPs to release chlorine dioxide (ClO2), which then oxidized methionine, inhibited tumor growth, and produced large numbers of Cl- in the cytoplasm. Cl- could enter mitochondria through the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) channel, which was opened by bupivacaine (Bup). The disruption of Cl- homeostasis promotes mitochondrial damage and membrane potential decline, leading to the release of cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and further inducing cell apoptosis. To sum up, the pH-regulating and ClO2-loaded MFBC@CMR nanoplatform can achieve cascade chlorine treatment and methionine-depletion starvation therapy toward tumor cells, which is of great significance for improving the clinical tumor treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, 266109 Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Tan
- Special Food Research Institute and Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, 266109 Qingdao, China
| | - Kefeng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, 266109 Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- School of Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, 266109 Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Shao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, 266035 Qingdao, China
| | - Junyao Song
- Bassars College of Future Agricultural Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, 266109 Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoying Kong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, 266109 Qingdao, China
| | - Jinsheng Shi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, 266109 Qingdao, China
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Tsuda-Sakurai K, Kimura M, Miura M. Diphthamide modification of eEF2 is required for gut tumor-like hyperplasia induced by oncogenic Ras. Genes Cells 2019; 25:76-85. [PMID: 31828897 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) undergoes a unique post-translational modification called diphthamidation. Although eEF2 diphthamidation is highly conserved, its pathophysiological function is still largely unknown. To elucidate the function of diphthamidation in tumor, we examined the involvement of diphthamidation pathway enzyme Dph5 in tumor progression in Drosophila adult gut. Expression of oncogenic RasV12 in gut intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and enteroblasts (EBs) causes hypertrophy and disruption of gut epithelia, and shortened life span. Knockdown of Dph5 ameliorated these pathogenic phenotypes. Dph5 is required for gross translation activation and high dMyc protein level in RasV12 tumor-like hyperplasia. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Dph5 is involved in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis genes. These results suggest that diphthamidation is required for translation activation partly through the regulation of ribosome biogenesis in Ras-induced tumor-like hyperplasia model in Drosophila gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Tsuda-Sakurai
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Obata F, Tsuda-Sakurai K, Yamazaki T, Nishio R, Nishimura K, Kimura M, Funakoshi M, Miura M. Nutritional Control of Stem Cell Division through S-Adenosylmethionine in Drosophila Intestine. Dev Cell 2018; 44:741-751.e3. [PMID: 29587144 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestine has direct contact with nutritional information. The mechanisms by which particular dietary molecules affect intestinal homeostasis are not fully understood. In this study, we identified S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl donor synthesized from dietary methionine, as a critical molecule that regulates stem cell division in Drosophila midgut. Depletion of either dietary methionine or SAM synthesis reduces division rate of intestinal stem cells. Genetic screening for putative SAM-dependent methyltransferases has identified protein synthesis as a regulator of the stem cells, partially through a unique diphthamide modification on eukaryotic elongation factor 2. In contrast, SAM in nutrient-absorptive enterocytes controls the interleukin-6-like protein Unpaired 3, which is required for rapid division of the stem cells after refeeding. Our study sheds light upon a link between diet and intestinal homeostasis and highlights the key metabolite SAM as a mediator of cell-type-specific starvation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Obata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kayoko Tsuda-Sakurai
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishio
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kei Nishimura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masabumi Funakoshi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Abstract
There is a large body of literature demonstrating the efficacy of maternal folic acid intake in preventing birth defects, as well as investigations into potential adverse consequences of consuming folic acid above the upper intake level (UL). Recently, two authoritative bodies convened expert panels to assess risks from high intakes of folic acid: the U.S. National Toxicology Program and the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. Overall, the totality of the evidence examined by these panels, as well as studies published since the release of their reports, have not established risks for adverse consequences resulting from existing mandatory folic acid fortification programs that have been implemented in many countries. Current folic acid fortification programs have been shown to support public health in populations, and the exposure levels are informed by and adherent to the precautionary principle. Additional research is needed to assess the health effects of folic acid supplement use when the current upper limit for folic acid is exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S. Field
- Division of Nutritional SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
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Gay F, Aguera K, Sénéchal K, Tainturier A, Berlier W, Maucort-Boulch D, Honnorat J, Horand F, Godfrin Y, Bourgeaux V. Methionine tumor starvation by erythrocyte-encapsulated methionine gamma-lyase activity controlled with per os vitamin B6. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1437-1452. [PMID: 28544589 PMCID: PMC5463067 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Erymet is a new therapy resulting from the encapsulation of a methionine gamma-lyase (MGL; EC number 4.4.1.11) in red blood cells (RBC). The aim of this study was to evaluate erymet potential efficacy in methionine (Met)-dependent cancers. We produced a highly purified MGL using a cGMP process, determined the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) properties of erymet in mice, and assessed its efficacy on tumor growth prevention. Cytotoxicity of purified MGL was tested in six cancer cell lines. CD1 mice were injected with single erymet product supplemented or not with vitamin B6 vitamer pyridoxine (PN; a precursor of PLP cofactor). NMRI nude mice were xenografted in the flank with U-87 MG-luc2 glioblastoma cells for tumor growth study following five intravenous (IV) injections of erymet with daily PN oral administration. Endpoints included efficacy and event-free survival (EFS). Finally, a repeated dose toxicity study of erymet combined with PN cofactor was conducted in CD1 mice. Recombinant MGL was cytotoxic on 4/6 cell lines tested. MGL half-life was increased from <24 h to 9-12 days when encapsulated in RBC. Conversion of PN into PLP by RBC was demonstrated. Combined erymet + PN treatment led to a sustained Met depletion in plasma for several days with a 85% reduction of tumor volume after 45 days following cells implantation, and a significant EFS prolongation for treated mice. Repeated injections in mice exhibited a very good tolerability with only minor impact on clinical state (piloerection, lean aspect) and a slight decrease in hemoglobin and triglyceride concentrations. This study demonstrated that encapsulation of methioninase inside erythrocyte greatly enhanced pharmacokinetics properties of the enzyme and is efficacy against tumor growth. The perspective on these results is the clinical evaluation of the erymet product in patients with Met starvation-sensitive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Delphine Maucort-Boulch
- Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Service de Neuro-oncologie, Hôpital neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Lyon, France
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Nicken P, Empl MT, Gerhard D, Hausmann J, Steinberg P. Methionine restriction inhibits chemically-induced malignant transformation in the BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:196-202. [PMID: 27427305 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High consumption of red meat entails a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. Methionine, which is more frequently a component of animal proteins, and folic acid are members of the one carbon cycle and as such important players in DNA methylation and cancer development. Therefore, dietary modifications involving altered methionine and folic acid content might inhibit colon cancer development. In the present study, the BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay was used to investigate whether methionine and folic acid are able to influence the malignant transformation of mouse fibroblasts after treatment with the known tumour initiator 3-methylcholanthrene. Three different methionine concentrations (representing a -40%, a "normal" and a +40% cell culture medium concentration, respectively) and two different folic acid concentrations (6 and 20 μM) were thereby investigated. Methionine restriction led to a decrease of type III foci, while enhancement of both methionine and folic acid did not significantly increase the cell transformation rate. Interestingly, the focus-lowering effect of methionine was only significant in conjunction with an elevated folic acid concentration. In summary, we conclude that the malignant transformation of mouse fibroblasts is influenced by methionine levels and that methionine restriction could be a possible approach to reduce cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Nicken
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael T Empl
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Daniel Gerhard
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Julia Hausmann
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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MacFarlane AJ, McEntee MF, Stover PJ. Azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in mice occurs independently of de novo thymidylate synthesis capacity. J Nutr 2014; 144:419-24. [PMID: 24500934 PMCID: PMC4083238 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.186007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate metabolism affects DNA synthesis, methylation, mutation rates, genomic stability, and gene expression, which are altered in colon cancer. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) regulates thymidylate (dTMP) biosynthesis and uracil accumulation in DNA, and as such affects genome stability. Previously, we showed that decreased SHMT1 expression in Shmt1 knockout mice (Shmt1(-/+)) or its impaired nuclear localization, as occurs in mice over-expressing an Shmt1 transgene (Shmt1(tg+)), results in elevated uracil incorporation into DNA, which could affect colon cancer risk. We used these 2 models to determine the effect of altered SHMT1 expression and localization, and its interaction with folate insufficiency, on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer in mice. Shmt1(-/+) and Shmt1(tg+) mice were weaned to a control or folate-and-choline-deficient (FCD) diet and fed the diet for 28 or 32 wk, respectively. At 6 wk of age, mice were injected weekly for 6 wk with 10 mg/kg AOM (w/v in saline). Colon uracil concentrations in nuclear DNA were elevated 2-7 fold in Shmt1(-/+) and Shmt1(tg+) mice. However, colon tumor incidence and numbers were not dependent on SHMT1 expression in Shmt1(-/+) or Shmt1(-/-) mice. The FCD diet reduced tumor load independent of Shmt1 genotype. In contrast, Shmt1(tg+) mice exhibited a 30% reduction in tumor incidence, a 50% reduction in tumor number, and a 60% reduction in tumor load compared with wild-type mice independent of dietary folate intake. Our data indicate that uracil accumulation in DNA does not predict tumor number in AOM-mediated carcinogenesis. Furthermore, enrichment of SHMT1 in the cytoplasm, as observed in Shmt1(tg+) mice, protects against AOM-mediated carcinogenesis independent of its role in nuclear de novo dTMP biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael F. McEntee
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Patrick J. Stover
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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