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Viengkhou B, Hofer MJ. Breaking down the cellular responses to type I interferon neurotoxicity in the brain. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110593. [PMID: 36817430 PMCID: PMC9936317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their original discovery, type I interferons (IFN-Is) have been closely associated with antiviral immune responses. However, their biological functions go far beyond this role, with balanced IFN-I activity being critical to maintain cellular and tissue homeostasis. Recent findings have uncovered a darker side of IFN-Is whereby chronically elevated levels induce devastating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathologies. The underlying causes of these 'interferonopathies' are diverse and include monogenetic syndromes, autoimmune disorders, as well as chronic infections. The prominent involvement of the CNS in these disorders indicates a particular susceptibility of brain cells to IFN-I toxicity. Here we will discuss the current knowledge of how IFN-Is mediate neurotoxicity in the brain by analyzing the cell-type specific responses to IFN-Is in the CNS, and secondly, by exploring the spectrum of neurological disorders arising from increased IFN-Is. Understanding the nature of IFN-I neurotoxicity is a crucial and fundamental step towards development of new therapeutic strategies for interferonopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barney Viengkhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Melamed E, Lee MW. Multiple Sclerosis and Cancer: The Ying-Yang Effect of Disease Modifying Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2954. [PMID: 31998289 PMCID: PMC6965059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been transformed by the rapidly expanding arsenal of new disease modifying therapies (DMTs). Current DMTs for MS aim to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses toward a less inflammatory phenotype. Since the immune system is also critical for identifying and eliminating malignant cells, immunosuppression from DMTs may predictably increase the risk of cancer development in MS patients. Compared with healthy controls, patients with autoimmune conditions, such as MS, may already have a higher risk of developing certain malignancies and this risk may further be magnified by DMT treatments. For those patients who develop both MS and cancer, these comorbid presentations create a challenge for clinicians on how to therapeutically address management of cancer in the context of MS autoimmunity. As there are currently no accepted guidelines for managing MS patients with prior history of or newly developed malignancy, we undertook this review to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of current DMTs and their potential for instigating and treating cancer in patients living with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Michael William Lee
- Department of Oncology, Department of Medical Education, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
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Vasquez M, Consuegra-Fernández M, Aranda F, Jimenez A, Tenesaca S, Fernandez-Sendin M, Gomar C, Ardaiz N, Di Trani CA, Casares N, Lasarte JJ, Lozano F, Berraondo P. Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Sustained Delivery of Low-Dose IFN-α. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:696-704. [PMID: 31209101 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with no curative treatment. The immune regulatory properties of type I IFNs have led to the approval of IFN-β for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS. However, there is still an unmet need to improve the tolerability and efficacy of this therapy. In this work, we evaluated the sustained delivery of IFN-α1, either alone or fused to apolipoprotein A-1 by means of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) system in the mouse model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These in vivo experiments demonstrated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the AAV-IFN-α or AAV-IFN-α fused to apolipoprotein A-1 vectors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, even at low doses devoid of hematological or neurologic toxicity. The sustained delivery of such low-dose IFN-α resulted in immunomodulatory effects, consisting of proinflammatory monocyte and T regulatory cell expansion. Moreover, encephalitogenic T lymphocytes from IFN-α-treated mice re-exposed to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide in vitro showed a reduced proliferative response and cytokine (IL-17A and IFN-γ) production, in addition to upregulation of immunosuppressive molecules, such as IL-10, IDO, or PD-1. In conclusion, the results of the present work support the potential of sustained delivery of low-dose IFN-α for the treatment of MS and likely other T cell-dependent chronic autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Vasquez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Marta Consuegra-Fernández
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Servei d'Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Departament de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08007, Spain; and
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Servei d'Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Departament de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08007, Spain; and
| | - Aitor Jimenez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Shirley Tenesaca
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Myriam Fernandez-Sendin
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Celia Gomar
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Nuria Ardaiz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Claudia Augusta Di Trani
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Lasarte
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Servei d'Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Departament de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08007, Spain; and
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; .,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid 28029, Spain
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El-Baky NA, Redwan EM. Therapeutic alpha-interferons protein: structure, production, and biosimilar. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 45:109-27. [PMID: 24785737 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.907175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, the world solemnized the golden jubilee of the discovery of interferon (IFN). Interferon is a small protein messenger called a pluripotent cytokine, produced by several cells of the host in response to various biological as well as synthetic stimuli. There are three major classes of interferons in humans: IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-gamma. As a treatment option, interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is the most effective one. IFN-α has proved to be effective as an antiviral therapy and tumor-fighting drug in the past two decades. Meanwhile, great progress has been achieved in establishing IFN-α as the first choice of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. Recently, novel pegylated IFN-α2 products with extended in vivo half-lives and consensus interferon, an artificially engineered type I interferon, have been developed to substantially improve treatment regimes for HCV patients. Undesirable acute and chronic side effects in addition to immunogenicity of therapeutic IFN products remain constraints to conquer for further improvements in clinical applications of IFN. It is certainly expected that more research will be conducted in the future, not only to face these challenges but also to extend the range of IFN products and their clinical targets. The objective herein is to review the current therapeutic alpha-interferons production, formulation technologies, and prospective future for the original entity and its biogeneric version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Abd El-Baky
- a Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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