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Daryabor G, Gholijani N, Kahmini FR. A review of the critical role of vitamin D axis on the immune system. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 132-133:104866. [PMID: 37572961 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the physiological and molecular functions of vitamin D (Vit-D) have been deeply investigated. At first, Vit-D was considered a regulator of mineral and skeletal homeostasis. However, due to the extensive-expression pattern of Vit-D receptor (VDR) in almost every non-skeletal cell, Vit-D is considered mainly a multifunctional agent with broad effects on various tissues, notably the immune system. The expression of VDR in immune cells such as dendritic cells, monocyte/macrophage, neutrophils, B cells and T cells has been well demonstrated. Besides, such immune cells are capable of metabolizing the active form of Vit-D which means that it can module the immune system in both paracrine and autocrine manners. Vit-D binding protein (DBP), that regulates the levels and homeostasis of Vit-D, is another key molecule capable of modulating the immune system. Recent studies indicate that dysregulation of Vit-D axis, variations in the DBP and VDR genes, and Vit-D levels might be risk factors for the development of autoimmune disease. Here, the current evidence regarding the role of Vit-D axis on the immune system, as well as its role in the development of autoimmune disease will be clarified. Further insight will be given to those studies that investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of DBP and VDR genes with autoimmune disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei Kahmini
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Vitamin D Receptor and Its Influence on Multiple Sclerosis Risk and Severity: From Gene Polymorphisms to Protein Expression. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Low levels of vitamin D are a risk factor for MS and alterations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) might be a risk factor as well. This study aimed to evaluate whether the VDR rs731236 (Taq-I) and rs4334089 (HpyCH4V) gene polymorphisms and VDR protein expression are associated with MS risk and severity. Vitamin D plasma levels were analyzed in a group of patients. Additional analyses of VDR protein expression and vitamin D levels of patients with different forms of MS (MSSS < 3 and MSSS ≥ 3) were performed. The analysis of the genotypic and allelic frequencies revealed that the rs731236 (Taq-I) gene polymorphism is significantly associated with MS presence. Although the total, cytosolic and nuclear VDR protein contents do not change between MS patients and healthy controls and between patients with different MS severity, vitamin D levels decrease in parallel with an increase in MSSS.
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Elkama A, Orhan G, Karahalil B. Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with vitamin D and calcium levels in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2022; 12:323-331. [PMID: 35848285 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the impact of gene (vitamin D receptor [VDR] polymorphisms) - environment (serum vitamin D and calcium levels) interaction on multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. Materials & methods: FokI, BsmI, TaqI and ApaI genotyping were performed in 149 MS patients and 127 controls. We measured serum vitamin D and calcium levels. Results: No significant difference between VDR polymorphisms and MS risk was detected. In patients with FokI ff, BsmI Bb, TaqI Tt and ApaI AA genotypes, vitamin D levels were statistically higher. Serum calcium levels were significantly lower in patients with FokI FF, Ff, all BsmI and TaqI genotypes and ApaI AA and Aa genotypes. Conclusion: No significant association was found between VDR polymorphisms with MS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Elkama
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Gürdal Orhan
- Clinic of Neurology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospitals, Bilkent, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Bensu Karahalil
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
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Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms Among the Turkish Population are Associated with Multiple Sclerosis. Balkan J Med Genet 2022; 25:41-50. [PMID: 36880035 PMCID: PMC9985364 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration affecting the central nervous system. Among the genetic factors suggested to be associated with this disease are polymorphisms to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. We tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with MS. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of MS with the VDR gene Fok-I, Bsm-I and Taq-I polymorphisms among the Turkish population. This study contains 271 MS patients and 203 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from the samples and the VDR gene Fok-I, Bsm-I and Taq-I polymorphism regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were digested, and the genotypes were determined based on size of digested PCR products. Our results demonstrate associations between MS and the distribution of the VDR gene Fok-I T/T polymorphism genotype in a dominant model, VDR gene Fok-I T allele frequency, distribution of VDR gene Taq-I C/C polymorphism genotype in a dominant model and VDR gene Taq-I C allele frequency (Pearson test, p<0.05). However, there was no association between MS and the VDR gene Bsm-I polymorphisms for the genotype distribution (Pearson test, p>0.05) or allele frequency (Pearson test, p>0.05). Fok-I and Taq-I VDR gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with MS in dominant, homozygote and heterozygote inheritance models among the Turkish population.
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Gezmis H, Mayda Domac F, Ormeci B, Uyanik H, Doran T, Keles EC, Kirac D. ε 2 , ε 3 , and ε 4 variants of ApoE; rs2228570 (VDR), rs4588 and rs7041 (VDBP) polymorphisms in patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study in Turkish population. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14801. [PMID: 34486787 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease characterized by autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system. Yet, underlined genetics or environmental markers are still controversial. The impact of vitamin D and cholesterol on disease activity has been phrased by many studies; however, the data available for the Turkish population are very limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D-related polymorphisms (VDBP and VDR) and cholesterol-related variants of ApoE on Turkish MS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total DNAs were extracted from peripheral blood samples of 51 MS patients and 50 healthy volunteers. rs4588 and rs7041 polymorphisms of VDBP, rs2228570 of VDR, as well as ε2, ε3, and ε4 variants of ApoE, were investigated by RT-PCR. Biochemical parameters which thought to be associated with MS were also measured. Results were evaluated statistically. RESULTS Homozygous mutant genotype and G allele of rs2228570 in VDR, as well as heterozygous genotype of rs4588 in VDBP, were found statistically high in patients. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C levels were found significantly high, whereas HDL-C and vitamin D levels were low in patients. An association was found between rs4588 variation and high triglyceride levels. Similar correlations were found between ε2 genotype and low LDL-C level; ε3 genotype and higher LDL-C. Gender, triglyceride, HDL-C, and AA genotype in rs4588 had a significant effect on MS progression. CONCLUSION The variations of rs2228570 and rs4588, vitamin D deficiency, and biological parameters related to cholesterol metabolism may be associated with MS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Gezmis
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Mayda Domac
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ormeci
- Department of Neurology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Uyanik
- Department of Neurology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tansu Doran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Cigdem Keles
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kirac
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cancela Díez B, Pérez-Ramírez C, Maldonado-Montoro MDM, Carrasco-Campos MI, Sánchez Martín A, Pineda Lancheros LE, Martínez-Martínez F, Calleja-Hernández MÁ, Ramírez-Tortosa MC, Jiménez-Morales A. Association between polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2021; 31:40-47. [PMID: 33044390 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative chronic inflammatory. Mutations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene can substantially affect serum vitamin D levels or alter its functionality, and can consequently increase susceptibility to developing MS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the VDR gene and risk of MS in a (Spanish) Caucasian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study comprising 209 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 836 controls of Caucasian origin from southern Spain. The ApaI (rs7975232), BsmI (rs1544410), Cdx2 (rs11568820), FokI (rs2228570), and TaqI (rs731236) gene polymorphisms were determined by allelic discrimination real-time PCR using TaqMan probes. RESULTS The recessive logical regression model, adjusted for age and sex, revealed that the TT genotype for VDR FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism was associated with higher risk of MS (P = 0.0150; OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.12-2.94; TT vs. CT + CC). No association between the other polymorphisms and development of MS was found in any of the models analyzed. The haplotype analysis, adjusted for age, smoking, and sex, did not find any statistically significant association between the haplotypes analyzed and risk of MS. CONCLUSIONS The VDR FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism was significantly associated with developing MS. We found no influence of the ApaI (rs7975232), BsmI (rs1544410), Cdx2 (rs11568820), FokI (rs2228570), and TaqI (rs731236) gene polymorphisms on the risk of developing MS in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cancela Díez
- Pharmacy Service. Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas
| | - Cristina Pérez-Ramírez
- Pharmacy Service. Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Dr. Fedriani, Sevilla
| | | | - María Isabel Carrasco-Campos
- Pharmacy Service. Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas
| | - Almudena Sánchez Martín
- Pharmacy Service. Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas
| | - Laura Elena Pineda Lancheros
- Pharmacy Service. Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas
| | - Fernando Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Social and Legal Assistance Pharmacy Section, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | | | - María Carmen Ramírez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Morales
- Pharmacy Service. Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas
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7
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Moosavi E, Rafiei A, Yazdani Y, Eslami M, Saeedi M. Association of serum levels and receptor genes BsmI, TaqI and FokI polymorphisms of vitamin D with the severity of multiple sclerosis. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 84:75-81. [PMID: 33485603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease. Vitamin D has a major role in preventing inflammatory disorders. Therefore, any alteration in vitamin D receptor (VDR) might be a genetic risk factor for MS development. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of serum levels and VDR FokI, BsmI, and TaqI gene polymorphisms on the severity of MS. METHODS This case-control study recruited 160 MS patients (71.9% females, mean age of 34.3 ± 8.3 years) and 162 (66.7% females, mean age 35.4 ± 7.9 year) age, sex, and ethnicity matched healthy controls. FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410), and TaqI (rs731236) polymorphisms were carried out using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Demographic, clinical parameters, and the levels of vitamin D were compared between groups. RESULTS We found that the frequency of FokI and TaqI polymorphisms significantly differed between the patients and the controls (p = 0.0127 and p = 0.0236, respectively). The MS patients had low levels of vitamin D compared to the controls (p = 0.011). In addition, TaqI T/C polymorphism significantly decreased the levels of vitamin D in the MS patients (p = 0.002). However, there was no significant association between FokI or BsmI SNPs and the levels of vitamin D in MS patients (p > 0.5). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that FokI and TaqI polymorphisms of VDR are associated with MS risk and TaqI polymorphism is associated with Vitamin D levels in MS patients. Meanwhile, no difference was observed between VDR gene polymorphisms and any types of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Moosavi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Yaghoub Yazdani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mina Eslami
- Department of Immunology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Ruiz-Ballesteros AI, Meza-Meza MR, Vizmanos-Lamotte B, Parra-Rojas I, de la Cruz-Mosso U. Association of Vitamin D Metabolism Gene Polymorphisms with Autoimmunity: Evidence in Population Genetic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249626. [PMID: 33348854 PMCID: PMC7766382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high prevalence of vitamin D (calcidiol) serum deficiency has been described in several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (AR), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Vitamin D is a potent immunonutrient that through its main metabolite calcitriol, regulates the immunomodulation of macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, which express the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and they produce and respond to calcitriol. Genetic association studies have shown that up to 65% of vitamin D serum variance may be explained due to genetic background. The 90% of genetic variability takes place in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and SNPs in genes related to vitamin D metabolism have been linked to influence the calcidiol serum levels, such as in the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP; rs2282679 GC), 25-hydroxylase (rs10751657 CYP2R1), 1α-hydroxylase (rs10877012, CYP27B1) and the vitamin D receptor (FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410), ApaI (rs7975232), and TaqI (rs731236) VDR). Therefore, the aim of this comprehensive literature review was to discuss the current findings of functional SNPs in GC, CYP2R1, CYP27B1, and VDR associated to genetic risk, and the most common clinical features of MS, RA, and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo I. Ruiz-Ballesteros
- Grupo de Inmunonutrición y Genómica Nutricional en las Enfermedades Autoinmunes, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44160, Mexico; (A.I.R.-B.); (M.R.M.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico;
| | - Mónica R. Meza-Meza
- Grupo de Inmunonutrición y Genómica Nutricional en las Enfermedades Autoinmunes, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44160, Mexico; (A.I.R.-B.); (M.R.M.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Barbara Vizmanos-Lamotte
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico;
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo Guerrero 39087, Mexico;
| | - Ulises de la Cruz-Mosso
- Grupo de Inmunonutrición y Genómica Nutricional en las Enfermedades Autoinmunes, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44160, Mexico; (A.I.R.-B.); (M.R.M.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico;
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1-331-744-15-75
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Scazzone C, Agnello L, Bivona G, Lo Sasso B, Ciaccio M. Vitamin D and Genetic Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:1-30. [PMID: 33159645 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), resulting from the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Vitamin D is a secosteroid, and its circulating levels are influenced by environment and genetics. In the last decades, research data on the association between MS and vitamin D status led to hypothesize a possible role for hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor for MS. Some gene variants encoding proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism, transport, and function, which are responsible for vitamin D status alterations, have been related to MS susceptibility. This review explores the current literature on the influence of vitamin D-related genes in MS susceptibility, reporting all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) investigated to date in 12 vitamin D pathway genes. Among all, the gene codifying vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the most studied. The association between VDR SNPs and MS risk has been reported by many Authors, with a few studies producing opposite results. Other vitamin D-related genes (including DHCR7/NADSYN1, CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP3A4, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, Megalin-DAB2-Cubilin, FGF-23, and Klotho) have been less investigated and achieved more conflicting evidence. Taken together, findings from the studies reviewed cannot clarify whether and to what extent vitamin D-related gene variants can influence MS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Scazzone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
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Bäcker-Koduah P, Bellmann-Strobl J, Scheel M, Wuerfel J, Wernecke KD, Dörr J, Brandt AU, Paul F. Vitamin D and Disease Severity in Multiple Sclerosis-Baseline Data From the Randomized Controlled Trial (EVIDIMS). Front Neurol 2020; 11:129. [PMID: 32158426 PMCID: PMC7052055 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the associations between hypovitaminosis D and disease activity in a cohort of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients. Methods: In 51 RRMS and 2 CIS patients on stable interferon-β-1b (IFN-β-1b) treatment recruited to the EVIDIMS study (Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis (NCT01440062) baseline serum vitamin D levels were evaluated. Patients were dichotomized based on the definition of vitamin D deficiency which is reflected by a < 30 vs. ≥ 30 ng/ml level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Possible associations between vitamin D deficiency and both clinical and MRI features of the disease were analyzed. Results: Median (25, 75% quartiles, Q) 25(OH)D level was 18 ng/ml (12, 24). Forty eight out of 53 (91%) patients had 25(OH)D levels < 30 ng/ml (p < 0.001). Patients with 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/ml had lower median (25, 75% Q) T2-weighted lesion counts [25 (24, 33)] compared to patients with 25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml [60 (36, 84), p = 0.03; adjusted for age, gender and disease duration: p < 0.001]. Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score was negatively associated with serum 25(OH)D levels in a multiple linear regression, including age, sex, and disease duration (adjusted: p < 0.001). Interpretation: Most patients recruited in the EVIDIMS study were vitamin D deficient. Higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with reduced T2 weighted lesion count and lower EDSS scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Bäcker-Koduah
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Scheel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Wuerfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Imaging Analysis Center, Universitätsspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus-Dieter Wernecke
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité -Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,CRO SOSTANA GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Dörr
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Multiple Sclerosis Center Hennigsdorf, Oberhavel Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Ulrich Brandt
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Vitamin D and Demyelinating Diseases: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Autoimmune Dis 2020; 2020:8718736. [PMID: 32373353 PMCID: PMC7187724 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8718736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in all ages regardless of climate or geographical location and evidence is emerging that the incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing worldwide. Women make up a large proportion of autoimmune disease diagnoses, underscoring the importance of fully elucidating the complex synergistic relationships between estrogens and vitamin D. Vitamin D receptor-activating drugs appear to enhance remyelination in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO). This review is intended to update health practitioners about the potential role of vitamin D deficiency demyelination and to motivate future research on dietary recommendations for vitamin D in preventing and treating demyel1nating diseases.
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12
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Harrison SR, Li D, Jeffery LE, Raza K, Hewison M. Vitamin D, Autoimmune Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:58-75. [PMID: 31286174 PMCID: PMC6960236 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been reported to influence physiological systems that extend far beyond its established functions in calcium and bone homeostasis. Prominent amongst these are the potent immunomodulatory effects of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) for 1,25-(OH)2D3 is expressed by many cells within the immune system and resulting effects include modulation of T cell phenotype to suppress pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 CD4+ T cells and promote tolerogenic regulatory T cells. In addition, antigen-presenting cells have been shown to express the enzyme 1α-hydroxylase that converts precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) to 1,25-(OH)2D3, so that immune microenvironments are able to both activate and respond to vitamin D. As a consequence of this local, intracrine, system, immune responses may vary according to the availability of 25-OHD3, and vitamin D deficiency has been linked to various autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this review is to explore the immune activities of vitamin D that impact autoimmune disease, with specific reference to RA. As well as outlining the mechanisms linking vitamin D with autoimmune disease, the review will also describe the different studies that have linked vitamin D status to RA, and the current supplementation studies that have explored the potential benefits of vitamin D for prevention or treatment of RA. The overall aim of the review is to provide a fresh perspective on the potential role of vitamin D in RA pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Harrison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West, Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Danyang Li
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Louisa E Jeffery
- Institute of Translation Medicine, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West, Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence and MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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13
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Scazzone C, Agnello L, Lo Sasso B, Ciaccio AM, Giglio RV, Bivona G, Ciaccio M. Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: An Open-Ended Story. Open Biochem J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01913010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors interact together, contributing to the complex pathogenesis of the disease. In the last decades, the role of hypovitaminosis D on MS risk was hypothesised. Several factors drive the regulation of vitamin D status, including genetics. The current review summarises the literature evidence on the association between vitamin D and MS, with a focus on the genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D-related genes. The variants of the genes codifying Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) and CYP enzymes have been investigated, but the findings are controversial. Only a few studies have addressed the role of DHCR7 polymorphisms in MS risk.
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14
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Imani D, Razi B, Motallebnezhad M, Rezaei R. Association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS): an updated meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:339. [PMID: 31878897 PMCID: PMC6933912 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and the risk of Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been evaluated in several researches. However, the findings were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, we set out a meta-analysis of all eligible published case-control studies to obtain an exact evaluation of the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and MS. Method All relevant studies reporting the association between the VDR gene FokI (rs2228570), or/and TaqI (rs731236) or/and BsmI (rs1544410) or/and ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphisms and susceptibility to MS published up to May, 2019 were identified by comprehensive systematic search in the electronic database of web of science, Scopus, and PubMed. After that, the strength of association between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to MS was evaluated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 30 case–control studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall results suggested a significant association between TaqI polymorphism and MS risk under heterozygote genetic model (OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.01–1.59, random effect). Moreover, the pooled results of subgroup analysis declined presence of significant association under all defined genetic model. In subgroup analysis, BsmI polymorphisms was associated with increased risk of MS under recessive model in Asian populations. On the other hand, ApaI polymorphism was associated with decreased risk of MS under recessive and aa vs. AA model in Asian populations. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested a significant association between TaqI polymorphism and MS susceptibility. Furthermore, BsmI polymorphism was associated with increased risk of MS in Asian populations. In contrast, ApaI polymorphism was associated with decreased risk of MS in Asian populations. Future large-scale studies on gene–environment and gene–gene interactions are required to estimate risk factors and assist early diagnosis of patients at high risk for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal Imani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Razi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Medicine, Tarbiat modares university (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
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15
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Mostafaee A, Rafiei S, Fazeli Z, Sayad A, Rahimi M, Rajabi S, Khamseh F, Shamshirgaran F, Rajabibazl M. The association analysis between rs1544410 and rs10735810 polymorphisms located at VDR gene and susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis in Iranian population. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Hassab AH, Deif AH, Elneely DA, Tawadros IM, Fayad AI. Protective association of VDR gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with multiple sclerosis patients in Egyptian population. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-019-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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17
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Zhang D, Wang L, Zhang R, Li S. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta Analysis. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:350-361. [PMID: 31677540 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the results remain contradictory. This study aimed to investigate the association between VDR polymorphisms and the risk of MS. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched to obtain eligible studies. Data were calculated by odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Twenty seven case-control studies with 4879 MS patients and 5402 controls were included. There was no significant association between ApaI polymorphisms and MS in the overall population. In Asians, no association was found between ApaI polymorphism and MS in the recessive, dominant, Codominant (OR1), Codominant (OR2), Codominant (OR3) models and allele contrast. Similar results were obtained between BsmI polymorphisms and MS. The association between TaqI polymorphism and MS showed significance in the recessive, homozygous, codominant (OR3) models in the overall population and Caucasians. The dominant model showed no association of Taq I polymorphism with MS risk in HLA-DRB1*15-positive and HLA-DRB1*15-negative groups. FokI polymorphism with MS was found in Codominant (OR3) model in the overall population. In Asians, FokI polymorphism showed association with MS in recessive, dominant, Codominant (OR1), Codominant (OR3) models and allele contrast. Subgroup analysis of sex showed no associations between TaqI or FokI polymorphism and MS risk in males or females in all models or allele contrast. CONCLUSIONS The VDR TaqI polymorphisms showed association with MS risk, especially in Caucasians. In Asians, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms correlated with MS risk, while BsmI polymorphisms showed no association with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Pytel V, Matías-Guiu JA, Torre-Fuentes L, Montero-Escribano P, Maietta P, Botet J, Álvarez S, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matías-Guiu J. Exonic variants of genes related to the vitamin D signaling pathway in the families of familial multiple sclerosis using whole-exome next generation sequencing. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01272. [PMID: 30900415 PMCID: PMC6456803 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases (AIDs). However, the effect of the genetics of VD on the risk of MS is subject to debate. This study focuses on genes linked to the VD signaling pathway in families with MS. The evaluation of gene variants in all the members of families could contribute to an additional knowledge on the information obtained from case-control studies that use nonrelated healthy people. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 94 individuals from 15 families including at least two patients with MS. We performed whole-exome next generation sequencing on all individuals and analyzed variants of the DHCR7, CYP2R1, CYP3A4, CYP27A1, GC, CYP27B1, LRP2, CUBN, DAB2, FCGR, RXR, VDR, CYP24A1, and PDIA3 genes. We also studied PTH, FGF23, METTL1, METTL21B, and the role of the linkage disequilibrium block on the long arm of chromosome 12, through analysis of the CDK4, TSFM, AGAP2, and AVIL genes. We compared patients with MS, other AIDs and unaffected members from different family types. RESULTS The study described the variants in the VD signaling pathway that appear in families with at least two patients with MS. Some infrequent variants were detected in these families, but no significant difference was observed between patients with MS and/or other AIDs and unaffected family members in the frequency of these variants. Variants previously associated with MS in the literature were not observed in these families or were distributed similarly in patients and unaffected family members. CONCLUSION The study of genes involved in the VD signaling pathway in families that include more than one patient with MS did not identify any variants that could explain the presence of the disease, suggesting that VD metabolism could probably play a role in MS more as an environmental factor rather than as a genetic factor. Our study also supports the analysis of cases and unaffected individuals within families in order to determine the influence of genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Pytel
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi A Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Torre-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Montero-Escribano
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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