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Spencer P, Ye Q, Misra A, Chandler JR, Cobb CM, Tamerler C. Engineering peptide-polymer hybrids for targeted repair and protection of cervical lesions. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3. [PMID: 37153688 PMCID: PMC10162700 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1007753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
By 2060, nearly 100 million people in the U.S. will be over age 65 years. One-third of these older adults will have root caries, and nearly 80% will have dental erosion. These conditions can cause pain and loss of tooth structure that interfere with eating, speaking, sleeping, and quality of life. Current treatments for root caries and dental erosion have produced unreliable results. For example, the glass-ionomer-cement or composite-resin restorations used to treat these lesions have annual failure rates of 44% and 17%, respectively. These limitations and the pressing need to treat these conditions in the aging population are driving a focus on microinvasive strategies, such as sealants and varnishes. Sealants can inhibit caries on coronal surfaces, but they are ineffective for root caries. For healthy, functionally independent elders, chlorhexidine varnish applied every 3 months inhibits root caries, but this bitter-tasting varnish stains the teeth. Fluoride gel inhibits root caries, but requires prescriptions and daily use, which may not be feasible for some older patients. Silver diamine fluoride can both arrest and inhibit root caries but stains the treated tooth surface black. The limitations of current approaches and high prevalence of root caries and dental erosion in the aging population create an urgent need for microinvasive therapies that can: (a) remineralize damaged dentin; (b) inhibit bacterial activity; and (c) provide durable protection for the root surface. Since cavitated and non-cavitated root lesions are difficult to distinguish, optimal approaches will treat both. This review will explore the multi-factorial elements that contribute to root surface lesions and discuss a multi-pronged strategy to both repair and protect root surfaces. The strategy integrates engineered peptides, novel polymer chemistry, multi-scale structure/property characterization and predictive modeling to develop a durable, microinvasive treatment for root surface lesions.
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Geng S, Lei Y, Snead ML. Minimal amelogenin domain for enamel formation. JOM (WARRENDALE, PA. : 1989) 2021; 73:1696-1704. [PMID: 34456537 PMCID: PMC8386916 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-021-04687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenin is the most abundant matrix protein guiding hydroxyapatite formation in enamel, the durable bioceramic tissue that covers vertebrate teeth. Here, we sought to refine structure-function for an amelogenin domain based on in vitro data showing a 42 amino acid amelogenin-derived peptide (ADP7) mimicked formation of hydroxyapatite similar to that observed for the full-length mouse 180 amino acid protein. In mice, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to express only ADP7 by the native amelogenin promoter. Analysis revealed ADP7 messenger RNA expression in developing mouse teeth with the formation of a thin layer of enamel. In vivo, ADP7 peptide partially replaced the function of the full-length amelogenin protein and its several protein isoforms. Protein structure-function relationships identified through in vitro assays can be deployed in whole model animals using CRISPR-Cas9 to validate function of a minimal protein domain to be translated for clinical use as an enamel biomimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Geng
- The University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China, 201210
| | - Yaping Lei
- The University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Biology and Biologic Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Malcolm L Snead
- The University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Wang X, Zhang N, Zhong Y, Yan F, Jiang B. Wild boar's tusk enamel: Structure and mechanical behavior. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:354-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mechanics of amelogenin TRAP protein in the proximity of hydroxyapatite mineral is altered by interfacial water. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Park J, Yang KD, Kim NY, Jung KW, Le VD, Lim HJ, An J, Jin K, Kim YH, Nam KT, Moon D. Quantitative Analysis of Calcium Phosphate Nanocluster Growth Using Time-of-Flight Medium-Energy-Ion-Scattering Spectroscopy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1253-1260. [PMID: 30276260 PMCID: PMC6161037 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the remaining challenges in material chemistry is to unveil the quantitative compositional/structural information and thermodynamic nature of inorganic materials especially in the initial nucleation and growth step. In this report, we adopted newly developed time-of-flight medium-energy-ion-scattering (TOF-MEIS) spectroscopy to address this challenge and explored heterogeneously grown nanometer-sized calcium phosphate as a model system. With TOF-MEIS, we discovered the existence of calcium-rich nanoclusters (Ca/P ∼ 3) in the presence of the non-collagenous-protein-mimicking passivating ligands. Over the reaction, these clusters progressively changed their compositional ratio toward that of a bulk phase (Ca/P ∼ 1.67) with a concurrent increase in their size to ∼2 nm. First-principles studies suggested that the calcium-rich nanoclusters can be stabilized through specific interactions between the ligands and clusters, emphasizing the important role of template on guiding the chemical and thermodynamic nature of inorganic materials at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science
& Technology, 5,
14 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Dong Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Kim
- Graduate
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Won Jung
- Department
of New Biology, DGIST, Dalseong, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Viet-Duc Le
- Graduate
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Lim
- Department
of New Biology, DGIST, Dalseong, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun An
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsuk Jin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Graduate
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul
National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - DaeWon Moon
- Department
of New Biology, DGIST, Dalseong, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
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Ye Q, Spencer P, Yuca E, Tamerler C. Engineered Peptide Repairs Defective Adhesive-Dentin Interface. MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 2017; 302:1600487. [PMID: 29056869 PMCID: PMC5650097 DOI: 10.1002/mame.201600487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Failure of dental composite restorations is primarily due to recurrent decay at the tooth-composite interface. At this interface, the adhesive and its bond with dentin is the barrier between the restored tooth and the oral environment. In vivo degradation of the bond formed at the adhesive/dentin (a/d) interface follows a cascade of events leading to weakening of the composite restoration. Here, a peptide-based approach is developed to mineralize deficient dentin matrices at the a/d interface. Peptides that have an inherent capacity to self-assemble on dentin and to induce calcium-phosphate remineralization are anchored at the interface. Distribution of adhesive, collagen, and mineral is analyzed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The analysis demonstrates remineralization of the deficient dentin matrices achieved throughout the interface with homogeneous distribution of mineral. The peptide-based remineralization demonstrated here can be an enabling technology to design integrated biomaterial-tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center (BERC), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Bioengineering Research Center (BERC), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Esra Yuca
- Bioengineering Research Center (BERC), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Candan Tamerler
- Bioengineering Research Center (BERC), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Bioactive nanofibers enable the identification of thrombospondin 2 as a key player in enamel regeneration. Biomaterials 2015; 61:216-28. [PMID: 26004236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and development involves highly synchronized signals both between cells and with the extracellular environment. Biomaterials can be tuned to mimic specific biological signals and control cell response(s). As a result, these materials can be used as tools to elucidate cell signaling pathways and candidate molecules involved with cellular processes. In this work, we explore enamel-forming cells, ameloblasts, which have a limited regenerative capacity. By exposing undifferentiated cells to a self-assembling matrix bearing RGDS epitopes, we elicited a regenerative signal at will that subsequently led to the identification of thrombospondin 2 (TSP2), an extracellular matrix protein that has not been previously recognized as a key player in enamel development and regeneration. Targeted disruption of the thrombospondin 2 gene (Thbs2) resulted in enamel formation with a disordered architecture that was highly susceptible to wear compared to their wild-type counterparts. To test the regenerative capacity, we injected the bioactive matrix into the enamel organ and discovered that the enamel organic epithelial cells in TSP-null mice failed to polarize on the surface of the artificial matrix, greatly reducing integrin β1 and Notch1 expression levels, which represent signaling pathways known to be associated with TSP2. These results suggest TSP2 plays an important role in regulating cell-matrix interactions during enamel formation. Exploiting the signaling pathways activated by biomaterials can provide insight into native signaling mechanisms crucial for tooth development and cell-based strategies for enamel regeneration.
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Snead ML. Biomineralization of a self-assembled-, soft-matrix precursor: Enamel. JOM (WARRENDALE, PA. : 1989) 2015; 67:788-795. [PMID: 26052186 PMCID: PMC4454482 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-015-1305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Enamel is the bioceramic covering of teeth, a composite tissue composed of hierarchical organized hydroxyapatite crystallites fabricated by cells under physiologic pH and temperature. Enamel material properties resist wear and fracture to serve a lifetime of chewing. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms for enamel formation may allow a biology-inspired approach to material fabrication based on self-assembling proteins that control form and function. Genetic understanding of human diseases expose insight from Nature's errors by exposing critical fabrication events that can be validated experimentally and duplicated in mice using genetic engineering to phenocopy the human disease so that it can be explored in detail. This approach led to assessment of amelogenin protein self-assembly which, when altered, disrupts fabrication of the soft enamel protein matrix. A misassembled protein matrix precursor results in loss of cell to matrix contacts essential to fabrication and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm L Snead
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology Hermann Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC The University of Southern California 2250 Alcazar St., CSA Room 142, HSC Los Angeles, CA 90032
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Gungormus M, Oren EE, Horst JA, Fong H, Hnilova M, Somerman MJ, Snead ML, Samudrala R, Tamerler C, Sarikaya M. Cementomimetics-constructing a cementum-like biomineralized microlayer via amelogenin-derived peptides. Int J Oral Sci 2012; 4:69-77. [PMID: 22743342 PMCID: PMC3412665 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2012.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cementum is the outer-, mineralized-tissue covering the tooth root and an essential part of the system of periodontal tissue that anchors the tooth to the bone. Periodontal disease results from the destructive behavior of the host elicited by an infectious biofilm adhering to the tooth root and left untreated, may lead to tooth loss. We describe a novel protocol for identifying peptide sequences from native proteins with the potential to repair damaged dental tissues by controlling hydroxyapatite biomineralization. Using amelogenin as a case study and a bioinformatics scoring matrix, we identified regions within amelogenin that are shared with a set of hydroxyapatite-binding peptides (HABPs) previously selected by phage display. One 22-amino acid long peptide regions referred to as amelogenin-derived peptide 5 (ADP5) was shown to facilitate cell-free formation of a cementum-like hydroxyapatite mineral layer on demineralized human root dentin that, in turn, supported attachment of periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Our findings have several implications in peptide-assisted mineral formation that mimic biomineralization. By further elaborating the mechanism for protein control over the biomineral formed, we afford new insights into the evolution of protein-mineral interactions. By exploiting small peptide domains of native proteins, our understanding of structure-function relationships of biomineralizing proteins can be extended and these peptides can be utilized to engineer mineral formation. Finally, the cementomimetic layer formed by ADP5 has the potential clinical application to repair diseased root surfaces so as to promote the regeneration of periodontal tissues and thereby reduce the morbidity associated with tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gungormus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Genetic engineering in biomimetic composites. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:191-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Snead ML, Zhu DH, Lei Y, Luo W, Bringas PO, Sucov HM, Rauth RJ, Paine ML, White SN. A simplified genetic design for mammalian enamel. Biomaterials 2011; 32:3151-7. [PMID: 21295848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A biomimetic replacement for tooth enamel is urgently needed because dental caries is the most prevalent infectious disease to affect man. Here, design specifications for an enamel replacement material inspired by Nature are deployed for testing in an animal model. Using genetic engineering we created a simplified enamel protein matrix precursor where only one, rather than dozens of amelogenin isoforms, contributed to enamel formation. Enamel function and architecture were unaltered, but the balance between the competing materials properties of hardness and toughness was modulated. While the other amelogenin isoforms make a modest contribution to optimal biomechanical design, the enamel made with only one amelogenin isoform served as a functional substitute. Where enamel has been lost to caries or trauma a suitable biomimetic replacement material could be fabricated using only one amelogenin isoform, thereby simplifying the protein matrix parameters by one order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm L Snead
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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McKittrick J, Chen PY, Tombolato L, Novitskaya E, Trim M, Hirata G, Olevsky E, Horstemeyer M, Meyers M. Energy absorbent natural materials and bioinspired design strategies: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen PY, Lin AYM, Lin YS, Seki Y, Stokes AG, Peyras J, Olevsky EA, Meyers MA, McKittrick J. Structure and mechanical properties of selected biological materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2008. [PMID: 19627786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 988] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Mineralized biological tissues offer insight into how nature has evolved these components to optimize multifunctional purposes. These mineral constituents are weak by themselves, but interact with the organic matrix to produce materials with unexpected mechanical properties. The hierarchical structure of these materials is at the crux of this enhancement. Microstructural features such as organized, layered organic/inorganic structures and the presence of porous and fibrous elements are common in many biological components. The organic and inorganic portions interact at the molecular and micro-levels synergistically to enhance the mechanical function. In this paper, we report on recent progress on studies of the abalone and Araguaia river clam shells, arthropod exoskeletons, antlers, tusks, teeth and bird beaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-Y Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037-0411, United States
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