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Forlano N, Bucci R, Contini A, Venanzi M, Placidi E, Gelmi ML, Lettieri R, Gatto E. Non-Conventional Peptide Self-Assembly into a Conductive Supramolecular Rope. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13020333. [PMID: 36678086 PMCID: PMC9867255 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Structures composed of alternating α and β amino acids can give rise to peculiar secondary structural motifs, which could self-assemble into complex structures of controlled geometries. This work describes the self-assembly properties of an α,β-peptide, containing three units of syn H2-(2-F-Phe)-h-PheGly-OH, able to self-organize on surfaces into a fascinating supramolecular rope. This material was characterized by AFM, electronic conduction and fluorescence measurements. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that this hexapeptide can self-assemble into an antiparallel β-sheet layer, stabilized by intermolecular H-bonds, which, in turn, can self-assemble into many side-by-side layers, due to π-π interactions. As a matter of fact, we demonstrated that in this system, the presence of aromatic residues at the intramolecular interface promoted by the alternation of α,β-amino-acids in the primary sequence, endorses the formation of a super-secondary structure where the aromatic groups are close to each other, conferring to the system good electron conduction properties. This work demonstrates the capability and future potential of designing and fabricating distinctive nanostructures and efficient bioelectronic interfaces based on an α,β-peptide, by controlling structure and interaction processes beyond those obtained with α- or β-peptides alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Forlano
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Contini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Ernesto Placidi
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Gelmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lettieri
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gatto
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Abstract
In September 2015, the ONU approved the Global Agenda for Sustainable Development, by which all countries of the world are mobilized to adopt a set of goals to be achieved by 2030. Within these goals, the aim of having a responsible production and consumption, as well as taking climate action, made is necessary to design new eco-friendly materials. Another important UN goal is the possibility for all the countries in the world to access affordable energy. The most promising and renewable energy source is solar energy. Current solar cells use non-biodegradable substrates, which generally contribute to environmental pollution at the end of their life cycles. Therefore, the production of green and biodegradable electronic devices is a great challenge, prompted by the need to find sustainable alternatives to the current materials, particularly in the field of dye-sensitized solar cells. Within the green alternatives, biopolymers extracted from biomass, such as polysaccharides and proteins, represent the most promising materials in view of a circular economy perspective. In particular, peptides, due to their stability, good self-assembly properties, and ease of functionalization, may be good candidates for the creation of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technology. This work shows an overview of the use of peptides in DSSC. Peptides, due to their unique self-assembling properties, have been used both as dyes (mimicking natural photosynthesis) and as templating materials for TiO2 morphology. We are just at the beginning of the exploitation of these promising biomolecules, and a great deal of work remains to be done.
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Vanova V, Mitrevska K, Milosavljevic V, Hynek D, Richtera L, Adam V. Peptide-based electrochemical biosensors utilized for protein detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113087. [PMID: 33662844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are generally detected as biomarkers for tracing or determining various disorders in organisms. Biomarker proteins can be tracked in samples with various origins and in different concentrations, revealing whether an organism is in a healthy or unhealthy state. In regard to detection, electrochemical biosensors are a potential fusion of electronics, chemistry, and biology, allowing for fast and early point-of-care detection from a biological sample with the advantages of high sensitivity, simple construction, and easy operation. Peptides present a promising approach as a biorecognition element when connected with electrochemical biosensors. The benefits of short peptides lie mainly in their good stability and selective affinity to a target analyte. Therefore, peptide-based electrochemical biosensors (PBEBs) represent an alternative approach for the detection of different protein biomarkers. This review provides a summary of the past decade of recently proposed PBEBs designed for protein detection, dividing them according to different protein types: (i) enzyme detection, including proteases and kinases; (ii) antibody detection; and (iii) other protein detection. According to these protein types, different sensing mechanisms are discussed, such as the peptide cleavage by a proteases, phosphorylation by kinases, presence of antibodies, and exploiting of affinities; furthermore, measurements are obtained by different electrochemical methods. A discussion and comparison of various constructions, modifications, immobilization strategies and different sensing techniques in terms of high sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and potential for practical application are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Mitrevska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 61 200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Messina GML, Di Napoli B, De Zotti M, Mazzuca C, Formaggio F, Palleschi A, Marletta G. Molecular Sponge: pH-Driven Reversible Squeezing of Stimuli-Sensitive Peptide Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4813-4824. [PMID: 30864802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic change of structure, thickness, and density, with pH switching from acidic (pH = 3) to basic (pH = 11) condition, has been revealed for chemisorbed monolayers of the peptide Lipo-Aib-Lys-Leu-Aib-Lys-Lys-Leu-Aib-Lys-Ile-Lol, a trichogin GA IV-analogue carrying Lys residues instead of Gly ones at positions 2, 5, 6, and 9, while a homologous peptide not containing Lys residues does not show any response to pH changes. Experimental and theoretical results, obtained by means of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, surface plasmon resonance, nanoplasmonic sensing technique, Fourier transform infrared-reflection attenuated spectroscopy and dynamic force spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations provide detailed information on the overall monolayer structure changes with pH, including the analysis of the intra- and interchain peptide dynamics, the structure of the peptide layer/water/solid interface, as well as the position and role of solvation and nonsolvation water. The observed stimuli-responsive behavior of L1 peptide monolayers is accounted in terms of the occurrence of a pH-induced wetting/dewetting process, due to the pH-induced switching of the hydrophilic character of charged lysine groups to hydrophobic one of the same uncharged groups, along the peptide chain. This behavior in turn promotes the collective change of the aggregation state of the peptide chains. The present results may pave the way to critically reexamine the mechanism of stimuli-responsive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia M L Messina
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania and CSGI , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Benedetta Di Napoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- CB Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- CB Padova Unit, CNR, Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Giovanni Marletta
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania and CSGI , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
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Puiu M, Bala C. Peptide-based biosensors: From self-assembled interfaces to molecular probes in electrochemical assays. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 120:66-75. [PMID: 29182910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox-tagged peptides have emerged as functional materials with multiple applications in the area of sensing and biosensing applications due to their high stability, excellent redox properties and versatility of biomolecular interactions. They allow direct observation of molecular interactions in a wide range of affinity and enzymatic assays and act as electron mediators. Short helical peptides possess the ability to self-assemble in specific configurations with the possibility to develop in highly-ordered, stable 1D, 2D and 3D architectures in a hierarchical controlled manner. We provide here a brief overview of the electrochemical techniques available to study the electron transfer in peptide films with particular interest in developing biosensors with immobilized peptide motifs, for biological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Puiu
- R&D Center LaborQ, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Bala
- R&D Center LaborQ, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania.
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Lara Carrillo JA, Fierro Medina R, Manríquez Rocha J, Bustos Bustos E, Insuasty Cepeda DS, García Castañeda JE, Rivera Monroy ZJ. Design, Synthesis, and Use of Peptides Derived from Human Papillomavirus L1 Protein for the Modification of Gold Electrode Surfaces by Self-Assembled Monolayers. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111970. [PMID: 29135944 PMCID: PMC6150238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain gold electrode surfaces modified with Human Papillomavirus L1 protein (HPV L1)-derived peptides, two sequences, SPINNTKPHEAR and YIK, were chosen. Both have been recognized by means of sera from patients infected with HPV. The molecules, Fc-Ahx-SPINNTKPHEAR, Ac–C–Ahx-(Fc)KSPINNTKPHEAR, Ac–C–Ahx-SPINNTKPHEAR(Fc)K, C–Ahx–SPINNTKPHEAR, and (YIK)2–Ahx–C, were designed, synthesized, and characterized. Our results suggest that peptides derived from the SPINNTKPHEAR sequence, containing ferrocene and cysteine residues, are not stable and not adequate for electrode surface modification. The surface of polycrystalline gold electrodes was modified with the peptides C-Ahx-SPINNTKPHEAR or (YIK)2-Ahx-C through self-assembly. The modified polycrystalline gold electrodes were characterized via infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. The thermodynamic parameters, surface coverage factor, and medium pH effect were determined for these surfaces. The results indicate that surface modification depends on the peptide sequence (length, amino acid composition, polyvalence, etc.). The influence of antipeptide antibodies on the voltammetric response of the modified electrode was evaluated by comparing results obtained with pre-immune and post-immune serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Alejandro Lara Carrillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Office 213, 11321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Ricardo Fierro Medina
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Office 334, 11321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Juan Manríquez Rocha
- Department of Research, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Erika Bustos Bustos
- Department of Research, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Diego Sebastián Insuasty Cepeda
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Office 334, 11321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Javier Eduardo García Castañeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Office 213, 11321 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Zuly Jenny Rivera Monroy
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, Office 334, 11321 Bogotá, Colombia.
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Puiu M, Idili A, Moscone D, Ricci F, Bala C. A modular electrochemical peptide-based sensor for antibody detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:8962-5. [PMID: 24975136 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a modular electrochemical peptide-based sensor targeting the anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) antibody. A recognition peptide, here DGP, is grafted onto a supporting peptide bearing a redox label. The fabricated peptide-based sensor supports the detection of the target antibody (anti-DGP antibody) in the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Puiu
- Laboratory for Quality Control and Process Monitoring, University of Bucharest, 030018-Bucharest, Romania
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Gatto E, Quatela A, Caruso M, Tagliaferro R, De Zotti M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C, Di Carlo A, Venanzi M. Mimicking Nature: A Novel Peptide-based Bio-inspired Approach for Solar Energy Conversion. Chemphyschem 2013; 15:64-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gatto E, Venanzi M. Self-assembled monolayers formed by helical peptide building blocks: a new tool for bioinspired nanotechnology. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gatto E, Porchetta A, Scarselli M, De Crescenzi M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C, Venanzi M. Playing with peptides: how to build a supramolecular peptide nanostructure by exploiting helix···helix macrodipole interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:2817-2826. [PMID: 22214420 DOI: 10.1021/la204423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to build bicomponent peptide self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been developed, by exploiting helix···helix macrodipole interactions. In this work, a peptide-based self-assembled monolayer composed of two helical peptides was immobilized on a gold surface. Specifically, a pyrene-containing octapeptide, devoid of any sulfur atom (A8Pyr), and a hexapeptide, functionalized at the N-terminus with (S,R) lipoic acid, for binding to gold substrates (SSA4WA) via a Au-S linkage, have been employed. Both peptides investigated attain a helical structure, because they are almost exclusively formed by strongly folding inducer C(α)-tetrasubstituted α-amino acids. We demonstrate that the two peptides generate a stable supramolecular nanostructure (a densely packed bicomponent peptide monolayer), where A8Pyr is incorporated into the SSA4WA palisade by exploiting helix···helix macrodipole interactions. The presence of both peptides on the gold surface was investigated by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques, while the morphology of the monolayer was analyzed by ultra high-vacuum scanning tunnelling microscopy. The composition of the bicomponent SAM on the surface was studied by a combination of electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. In particular, the amount of Au-S linkages from the sulfur-containing peptides was quantified from reductive desorption of the peptide-based SAM, while the amount of A8Pyr was estimated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The antiparallel orientation of the A8Pyr and SSA4WA peptide chains minimizes the interaction energy between the helix dipoles, suggesting that this kind of electrostatic phenomenon is the driving force that stabilizes the bicomponent SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gatto
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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