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A novel pH-Dependent sensor for recognition of strontium ions in water: A hierarchically structured mesoporous architectonics. Talanta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ghohari H, Zamani HA, Joz-Yarmohammadi F, Ebrahimi M, Abedi MR. Application of 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone as a New Sensing Material for Fabrication of a Iron(III)-Selective Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193518100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ghasedian F, Zamani HA, Joz-Yarmohammadi F, Beyramabadi SA, Abedi MR. Construction of a new Ho3+ PVC-membrane electrochemical sensor based on N,N′-dipyridoxyl(1,4-butanediamine). RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427216120119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fabrication of a new nanocomposite modified carbon paste Al3+-ion selective electrode based on N,N′-dipyridoxyl (1,2-cyclohexanediamine) (PYCA) as an active material. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mizani F, Salmanzadeh Ardabili S, Ganjaliab MR, Faridbod F, Payehghadr M, Azmoodeh M. Design and construction of new potentiometric sensors for determination of Al3+ ion based on (Z)-2-(2-methyl benzylidene)-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) hydrazine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 49:861-868. [PMID: 25687018 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
(Z)-2-(2-methyl benzylidene)-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) hydrazine (L) was used as an active component of PVC membrane electrode (PME), coated graphite electrode (CGE) and coated silver wire electrode (CWE) for sensing Al(3+) ion. The electrodes exhibited linear Nernstian responses to Al(3+) ion in the concentration range of 1.0×10(-6) to 1.0×10(-1)M (for PME, LOD=8.8×10(-7)M), 5.5×10(-7) to 2.0×10(-1)M (for CWE, LOD=3.3×10(-7)M) and 1.5×10(-7) to 1.0×10(-1)M (for CGE, LOD=9.2×10(-8)M). The best performances were observed with the membranes having the composition of L:PVC:NPOE:NaTPB in the ratio of 5:35:57:3 (w/w; mg). The electrodes have a response time of 6s and an applicable pH range of 3.5-9.1. The sensors have a lifetime of about 15weeks and exhibited excellent selectivity over a number of mono-, bi-, and tri-valent cations including alkali, alkaline earth metal, heavy and transition metal ions. Analytical utility of the proposed sensor has been further tested by using it as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Al(3+) with EDTA. The electrode was also successfully applied for the determination of Al(3+) ion in real and pharmaceutical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mizani
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - M R Ganjaliab
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - F Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Payehghadr
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Azmoodeh
- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran University, Iran
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Al Zoubi W, Al Mohanna N. Membrane sensors based on Schiff bases as chelating ionophores--a review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 132:854-870. [PMID: 24947440 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of chemical sensors has received widespread attention during the past two decades because of their extensive use in environmental monitoring and clinical analysis via rapid, accurate, reproducible, and low-cost methods. Chemically modified CPEs have frequently been employed as potentiometric sensors in trace analysis for metal ions, organic pollutants and biological substances. Most of these electrodes are operated via the ion-exchange process of the active component incorporated into the carbon paste matrix. This review article concentrates on such achievements in the context of the general development across the field. An overview of potentiometric sensors that are capable of detecting metal ions in environmental samples is presented and discussed. A survey on important advances in potentiometric sensors with regard to high selectivity, lower detection limit, and fast response time is presented in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wail Al Zoubi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Damascus, Syria.
| | - NaDeem Al Mohanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Damascus, Syria
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Zamani HA, Faridbod F, Ganjali MR. A new selectophore for gadolinium selective sensor. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:488-93. [PMID: 25175240 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on a selective complexation of N'-(2-oxo-1,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazide (L) with Gd(III) ions, it was used as a selectophore in construction of a Gd(III) selective PVC membrane sensor. Different compositions for the membrane were tested. The o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) was used as suitable plasticizer, and a mixture of sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB) and oleic acid (OA) as anion excluders. The proposed sensor displayed a Nernstian behavior with the slope of 19.9 ± 0.6 mV decade(-1) in concentration range of 1.0 × 10(-6) to 1.0 × 10(-2)mol L(-1). Detection limit was 4.2 × 10(-7)molL(-1) and response time was ~10s. Applicable pH range of the electrode was 4.2-8.0. Lifetime of the sensor is at least 10 weeks. Analysis of certified reference materials confirmed the accuracy of the proposed electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ali Zamani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fabrication of a PVC membrane samarium(III) sensor based on N,N′,N″-tris(4-pyridyl)trimesic amide as a selectophore. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:870-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gupta VK, Singh AK, Mergu N. A new beryllium ion-selective membrane electrode based on dibenzo(perhydrotriazino)aza-14-crown-4 ether. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 749:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gadolinium(III) ion selective sensor using a new synthesized Schiff's base as a sensing material. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Heptadentate Schiff-base based PVC membrane sensor for Fe(III) ion determination in water samples. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Leung KH, Ma VPY, He HZ, Chan DSH, Yang H, Leung CH, Ma DL. A highly selective G-quadruplex-based luminescent switch-on probe for the detection of nanomolar strontium(ii) ions in sea water. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21119j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Hassan AZ, Fatemeh R, Fatemeh NR, Ali A, Alihossien I, Mohammad RG, Farnoush F, Masoud SN. Quantitative Analysis of Holmium Ion by a Ho3+ Ion-Selective Sensor Based on a Symmetric Thio-Schiff's Base. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Masrournia M, Zamani HA, Mirrashid HA, Ganjali MR, Faridbod F. Di-tert-butylazodicarboxylate based PVC membrane sensor for Fe(III) ion measurement in pharmaceutical formulation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zamani HA, Zabihi MS, Rohani M, Zangeneh-Asadabadi A, Ganjali MR, Faridbod F, Meghdadi S. Quantitative monitoring of terbium ion by a Tb3+ selective electrode based on a new Schiff's base. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zamani HA. Erbium(III) PVC membrane sensor based on N-(benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide as a new neutral ionophore. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2010.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Naddaf E, Zamani HA. Samarium(III)-PVC-Membrane Sensor Based on Ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710902726070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zamani HA, Ganjali MR. Tb 3+PVC-Membrane Electrode Based on 2-{2-(2-Anilinocarbothioyl)hydrazino)-2-oxoacetyl}-N-phenyl-1-hydrazine Carbothioamide. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903082564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zanjanchi M, Arvand M, Mahmoodi N, Islamnezhad A. A Fast Response Strontium Ion-Selective Electrode Prepared by Sol-Gel Membrane Technique. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ebrahimi M, Zamani HA. Determination of Ytterbium(III) Ions in Soil and Sediment Samples by a New Polymeric Yb 3+-PVC Membrane Sensor. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710902807847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ali Zamani H, Reza Ganjali M. Original Potentiometric Ytterbium(III) PVC-Membrane Sensor Based on N1,N2-Bis-[1-(2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl)ethylidene]ethanedihydrazide. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710902807821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zamani HA, Ganjali MR, Behmadi H, Behnajady MA. Fabrication of an iron(III) PVC-membrane sensor based on bis-benzilthiocarbohydrazide as a selective sensing material. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lanthanide recognition: A Ho3+ potentiometric membrane sensor as a probe for determination of terazosin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zamani HA, Masrournia M, Mohamadzadeh H, Ganjali MR, Rahimizadeh M, Ziaei P. 2,3-Diphenylquinoxaline-4′,4″-dioxytriethylene glycol as a sensing and selective material for construction of strontium-PVC membrane sensor. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ali Zamani H, Masrournia M, Sahebnasagh S, Reza Ganjali M. Fabrication of a Praseodymium(III) PVC-Membrane Sensor Based on N′1,N′2-Bis(2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethylidene) ethanedihydrazide. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802677092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ali Zamani
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University , Quchan , Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Masrournia
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Sara Sahebnasagh
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- c Faculty of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, and Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Zamani HA. Determination of Fluoride Ions in Mouthwash Samples by a PVC Membrane Samarium(III) Sensor. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802677142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ali Zamani
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University , Quchan , Iran
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Nekoei M, Zamani HA, Mohammadhossieni M. Erbium(III) PVC Membrane Ion-Selective Sensor based on 4-(2-Thiazolylazo)resorcinal. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802585659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mohammadhossieni M, Ali Zamani H, Nekoei M. Terbium(III) Ion-Selective Electrochemical Sensor Based on Hematoporphyrin. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802585675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zamani HA, Ganjali MR, Norouzi P, Tadjarodi A, Shahsavani E. Determination of terbium(III) ions in phosphate rock samples by a Tb3+–PVC membrane sensor based on N, N-Dimethyl-N′, N″-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphoramidate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A novel iron (III)-PVC membrane potentiomeric sensor based on N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N',N"-triacetic acid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zamani HA, Nezhadali A, Saghravanian M. Magnesium-PVC Membrane Sensor Based on 4,5-Bis(Benzoylthio)-1,3-Dithiole-2-Thione. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802363560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zamani HA, Mohaddeszadeh M. Determination of Dysprosium(III) Ion in Soil and Sediment Samples by an Original Potentiometric Dysprosium(III) Membrane Sensor. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802363552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fabrication of an iron(III)-selective PVC membrane sensor based on a bis-bidentate Schiff base ionophore. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-008-9142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abedi MR, Zamani HA. Barium(II)-PVC Membrane Sensor Based on 4-4′-Methylenediantipyrine as a Neutral Carrier. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802238077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zamani HA. Construction of Strontium PVC-Membrane Sensor Based on Salicylaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802161717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Faridbod F, Norouzi P, Dinarvand R, Ganjali MR. Developments in the Field of Conducting and Non-conducting Polymer Based Potentiometric Membrane Sensors for Ions Over the Past Decade. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:2331-2412. [PMID: 27879825 PMCID: PMC3673421 DOI: 10.3390/s8042331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Many research studies have been conducted on the use of conjugated polymers in the construction of chemical sensors including potentiometric, conductometric and amperometric sensors or biosensors over the last decade. The induction of conductivity on conjugated polymers by treating them with suitable oxidizing agents won Heeger, MacDiarmid and Shirakawa the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Common conjugated polymers are poly(acetylene)s, poly(pyrrole)s, poly(thiophene)s, poly(terthiophene)s, poly(aniline)s, poly(fluorine)s, poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, polytetrathiafulvalenes, polynapthalenes, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyparaphenylene, polyazulene, polyparaphenylene sulfide, polycarbazole and polydiaminonaphthalene. More than 60 sensors for inorganic cations and anions with different characteristics based on conducting polymers have been reported. There have also been reports on the application of non-conducting polymers (nCPs), i.e. PVC, in the construction of potentiometric membrane sensors for determination of more than 60 inorganic cations and anions. However, the leakage of ionophores from the membranes based on these polymers leads to relatively lower life times. In this article, we try to give an overview of Solid-Contact ISE (SCISE), Single-Piece ISE (SPISE), Conducting Polymer (CP)-Based, and also non-conducting polymer PVC-based ISEs for various ions which their difference is in the way of the polymer used with selective membrane. In SCISEs and SPISEs, the plasticized PVC containing the ionophore and ionic additives govern the selectivity behavior of the electrode and the conducting polymer is responsible of ion-to-electron transducer. However, in CPISEs, the conducting polymer layer is doped with a suitable ionophore which enhances the ion selectivity of the CP while its redox response has to be suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Centre, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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