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Kashyap A, Kumari M, Singh A, Mukherjee K, Maity D. Current development of theragnostic nanoparticles for women's cancer treatment. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042001. [PMID: 38471150 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the biomedical industry, nanoparticles (NPs-exclusively small particles with size ranging from 1-100 nanometres) are recently employed as powerful tools due to their huge potential in sophisticated and enhanced cancer theragnostic (i.e. therapeutics and diagnostics). Cancer is a life-threatening disease caused by carcinogenic agents and mutation in cells, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and harming the body's normal functioning while affecting several factors like low levels of reactive oxygen species, hyperactive antiapoptotic mRNA expression, reduced proapoptotic mRNA expression, damaged DNA repair, and so on. NPs are extensively used in early cancer diagnosis and are functionalized to target receptors overexpressing cancer cells for effective cancer treatment. This review focuses explicitly on how NPs alone and combined with imaging techniques and advanced treatment techniques have been researched against 'women's cancer' such as breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer which are substantially occurring in women. NPs, in combination with numerous imaging techniques (like PET, SPECT, MRI, etc) have been widely explored for cancer imaging and understanding tumor characteristics. Moreover, NPs in combination with various advanced cancer therapeutics (like magnetic hyperthermia, pH responsiveness, photothermal therapy, etc), have been stated to be more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies with negligible side effects. Furthermore, this review will further help to improve treatment outcomes and patient quality of life based on the theragnostic application-based studies of NPs in women's cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Kashyap
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Madhubala Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Arnika Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Koel Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Dipak Maity
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
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2
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Khan H, Shahab U, Alshammari A, Alyahyawi AR, Akasha R, Alharazi T, Ahmad R, Khanam A, Habib S, Kaur K, Ahmad S, Moinuddin. Nano-therapeutics: The upcoming nanomedicine to treat cancer. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38440959 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is considered a successful approach for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Preferentially, cancer cell recognition and drug targeting via nano-delivery system include the penetration of anticancer agents into the cell membrane to damage the cancer cell by protein modification, DNA oxidation, or mitochondrial dysfunction. The past research on nano-delivery systems and their target has proven the beneficial achievement in a malignant tumor. Modern perceptions using inventive nanomaterials for cancer management have been offered by a multifunctional platform based on various nano-carriers with the probability of imaging and cancer therapy simultaneously. Emerging nano-delivery systems in cancer therapy still lack knowledge of the biological functions behind the interaction between nanoparticles and cancer cells. Since the potential of engineered nanoparticles addresses the various challenges, limiting the success of cancer therapy subsequently, it is a must to review the molecular targeting of a nano-delivery system to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cancer. This review focuses on using a nano-delivery system, an imaging system, and encapsulated nanoparticles for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamda Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahmed Alshammari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad R Alyahyawi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Rihab Akasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Alharazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Afreen Khanam
- Department of Biotechnology & Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Education & Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kirtanjot Kaur
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Meng YQ, Shi YN, Zhu YP, Liu YQ, Gu LW, Liu DD, Ma A, Xia F, Guo QY, Xu CC, Zhang JZ, Qiu C, Wang JG. Recent trends in preparation and biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:24. [PMID: 38191388 PMCID: PMC10775472 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), possessing both magnetic behavior and semiconductor property, have been extensively used in multifunctional biomedical fields due to their biocompatible, biodegradable and low toxicity, such as anticancer, antibacterial, cell labelling activities. Nevertheless, there are few IONPs in clinical use at present. Some IONPs approved for clinical use have been withdrawn due to insufficient understanding of its biomedical applications. Therefore, a systematic summary of IONPs' preparation and biomedical applications is crucial for the next step of entering clinical practice from experimental stage. This review summarized the existing research in the past decade on the biological interaction of IONPs with animal/cells models, and their clinical applications in human. This review aims to provide cutting-edge knowledge involved with IONPs' biological effects in vivo and in vitro, and improve their smarter design and application in biomedical research and clinic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qing Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ya Nan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No. 30, Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dan Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qiu Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Cheng Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Chong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ji Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Lu Q. Bioresponsive and multifunctional cyclodextrin-based non-viral nanocomplexes in cancer therapy: Building foundations for gene and drug delivery, immunotherapy and bioimaging. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116507. [PMID: 37364628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The interest towards application of nanomaterials in field of cancer therapy is that the drawbacks of conventional therapies including chemoresistance, radio-resistance and lack of specific targeting of tumor cells can be solved by nanotechnology. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are amphiphilic cyclic oligosaccharides that can be present in three forms of α-, β- and γ-CDs, and they can be synthesized from natural sources. The application of CDs in cancer shows an increasing trend due to benefits of these nanocomplexes in improving solubility and bioavailability of current bioactives and therapeutics for cancer. CDs are widely utilized in delivery of drugs and genes in cancer therapy, and by targeted delivery of these therapeutics into target site, they improve anti-proliferative and anti-cancer potential. The blood circulation time and tumor site accumulation of therapeutics can be improved using CD-based nanostructures. More importantly, the stimuli-responsive types of CDs including pH-, redox- and light-sensitive types can accelerate release of bioactive compound at tumor site. Interestingly, the CDs are able to mediate photothermal and photodynamic impact in impairing tumorigenesis in cancer, enhancing cell death and improving response to chemotherapy. In improving the targeting ability of CDs, their surface functionalization with ligands has been conducted. Moreover, CDs can be modified with green products such as chitosan and fucoidan, and they can be embedded in green-based nanostructures to suppress tumorigenesis. The internalization of CDs into tumor cells can occur through endocytosis and this can be clethrin-, caveolae- or receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, CDs are promising candidates in bioimaging, cancer cell and organelle imaging as well as isolating tumor cells. The main benefits of using CDs in cancer therapy including sustained and low release of drugs and genes, targeted delivery, bioresponsive release of cargo, ease of surface functionalization and complexation with other nanostructures. The application of CDs in overcoming drug resistance requires more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Rodrigues Arruda B, Mendes MGA, Freitas PGCD, Reis AVF, Lima T, Crisóstomo LCCF, Nogueira KAB, Pessoa C, Petrilli R, Eloy JO. Nanocarriers for delivery of taxanes: A review on physicochemical and biological aspects. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ren Q, Liu W, Bai QP, Huang Y, Pan J, Samina E, Huang X. Phototoxic Effect of UVA-Responsive Fe 3O 4@ZnO Nanoparticles on Squamous Skin Cell. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a resource-rich metal oxide with a certain degree of phototoxicity toward cancer cells using ultraviolet light radiation. Therefore, it is a promising photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy against cancer. The current study synthesized core-shell structure nanoparticles
using Fe3O4 as the core and ZnO as the shell. The core–shell nanoparticles were spherical-like and superparamagnetic, with a zeta potential of −22.7±7.6 mV. ZnO-coated ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@ZnO NPs) under ultraviolet
A (UVA) irradiation could induce a lot more reactive oxygen species in the squamous skin cells causing the evident inhibitory effect. In contrast, they indicated no toxicity to skin squamous cells without UVA radiation. Therefore, it can be inferred that their great potential as the targeting
photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy on skin squamous cell carcinoma is due to their good biocompatibility without UVA radiation and excellent toxicity under UVA radiation on skin squamous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physical Education, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Qing-Ping Bai
- School of Physical Education, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ejaz Samina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xiao Huang
- School of Physical Education, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
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7
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Ren Q, Yi C, Pan J, Sun X, Huang X. Smart Fe 3O 4@ZnO Core-Shell Nanophotosensitizers Potential for Combined Chemo and Photodynamic Skin Cancer Therapy Controlled by UVA Radiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3385-3400. [PMID: 35937080 PMCID: PMC9355344 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s372377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality that is used for several types of cancer and involves three essential elements (light, photosensitizer (PS), and oxygen). However, clinical PS is limited by the low yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a long retention time. Therefore, developing a low-cost PS that can significantly increase ROS yield in a short time is of utmost importance. Methods In this study, brusatol (Bru) was loaded on the surface of ultraviolet A (UVA)-responsive zinc oxide (ZnO)-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@ZnO-Bru). The PS was well characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a superconducting quantum interference device, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Hoechst staining were used to determine the inhibitory effect of Fe3O4@ZnO-Bru on squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC) with or without UVA radiation. Intracellular ROS levels and expression of the Nrf2 signaling pathway were also determined. Results FTIR showed that Bru was successfully loaded on Fe3O4@ZnO. Fe3O4@ZnO-Bru was superparamagnetic, and the zeta potential was 8.86 ± 0.77 mV. The Bru release behavior was controlled by UVA. Fe3O4@ZnO-Bru with UVA irradiation induced an increase of 48% ROS productivity compared to Fe3O4@ZnO-Bru without UVA irradiation, resulting in a strong inhibitory effect on SCC. Furthermore, Fe3O4@ZnO-Bru nanocomposites (Fe3O4@ZnO-Bru NCs) had nearly no toxic effect on healthy cells without UVA radiation. The released Bru could significantly inhibit the Nrf2 signaling pathway to reduce the activity of scavenging excess ROS in SCC. Conclusion In this study, Fe3O4@ZnO-Bru was successfully synthesized. PDT was combined with photochemotherapy, which exhibited a higher inhibitory effect on SCC. It can be inferred that Fe3O4@ZnO-Bru holds great potential for skin SCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caixia Yi
- School of Sports and Health Science, Tongren University, Tongren, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Sports and Health Science, Tongren University, Tongren, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Huang
- School of Sports and Health Science, Tongren University, Tongren, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Education, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Ghasemzadeh F, Mohammadi M, Najafpour GD, Moghadamnia AA. Ursolic acid loaded β-cyclodextrin/folic acid/Fe3O4 nanocomplex for drug delivery to tumor cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Synthesis of bentonite-β-cyclodextrin-iron nanoparticles composite as a magnetic adsorbent in solid-phase extraction for separation of nicotinic acid N-methylbetaine: an optimized process. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A Reflection on the Mechanism of the Role of Nanoparticles in Increasing the Efficacy of Anti-tumour Properties of Docetaxel. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-021-00223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Monteserín M, Larumbe S, Martínez AV, Burgui S, Francisco Martín L. Recent Advances in the Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:2705-2741. [PMID: 33653440 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles have led them to be considered materials with significant potential in the biomedical field. Nanometric size, high surface-area ratio, ability to function at molecular level, exceptional magnetic and physicochemical properties, and more importantly, the relatively easy tailoring of all these properties to the specific requirements of the different biomedical applications, are some of the key factors of their success. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the state of the art of different aspects of magnetic nanoparticles, specially focusing on their use in biomedicine. We will explore their magnetic properties, synthetic methods and surface modifications, as well as their most significative physicochemical properties and their impact on the in vivo behaviour of these particles. Furthermore, we will provide a background on different applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine, such as magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, imaging contrast agents or theranostics. Besides, current limitations and challenges of these materials, as well as their future prospects in the biomedical field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monteserín
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - Silvia Larumbe
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - Alejandro V Martínez
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - Saioa Burgui
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - L Francisco Martín
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
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Edis Z, Wang J, Waqas MK, Ijaz M, Ijaz M. Nanocarriers-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Anticancer Agents: An Overview and Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1313-1330. [PMID: 33628022 PMCID: PMC7898224 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s289443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been actively integrated as drug carriers over the last few years to treat various cancers. The main hurdle in the clinical management of cancer is the development of multidrug resistance against chemotherapeutic agents. To overcome the limitations of chemotherapy, the researchers have been developing technological advances for significant progress in the oncotherapy by enabling the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents at increased drug content levels to the targeted spots. Several nano-drug delivery systems designed for tumor-targeting are evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials and showed promising outcomes in cancerous tumors' clinical management. This review describes nanocarrier's importance in managing different types of cancers and emphasizing nanocarriers for drug delivery and cancer nanotherapeutics. It also highlights the recent advances in nanocarriers-based delivery systems, including polymeric nanocarriers, micelles, nanotubes, dendrimers, magnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and quantum dots (QDs). The nanocarrier-based composites are discussed in terms of their structure, characteristics, and therapeutic applications in oncology. To conclude, the challenges and future exploration opportunities of nanocarriers in chemotherapeutics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Edis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Junli Wang
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Khurram Waqas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mohamadi N, Sharififar F, Pournamdari M, Ansari M. Determination of trigonelline in human plasma by magnetic solid-phase extraction: a pharmacokinetic study. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:323-333. [PMID: 33501838 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a novel method for the bioanalytical extraction of trigonelline (TRG) from human plasma samples using a magnetic nanocomposite and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic profile. Materials & methods: Magnetic bentonite/β-cyclodextrine (β-CD) nanoparticles, coupled with a validated ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method, were used to determine TRG concentration from plasma samples following a single oral administration. Results: The developed reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was accurate, precise, specific, selective and reproducible. TRG showed rapid absorption, middle rate of elimination and mean residence time of ∼24 h. The data were best fitted on a two-compartment model in which tmax was 1.0 h, Cmax 0.115 μg/ml, area under the curve (AUC)0-24 1.72 μg/ml.h, Cl 0.0293 l/h/kg, t1/2α 0.79 h, t1/2β 13.68 h and ka 1.63 h-1. Conclusion: The findings of this study could provide useful information to promote the future study of TRG and aid optimal dose finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mohamadi
- Herbal & Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal & Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Mostafa Pournamdari
- Department of Drug & Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
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Vallejo R, Gonzalez-Valdivieso J, Santos M, Rodriguez-Rojo S, Arias F. Production of elastin-like recombinamer-based nanoparticles for docetaxel encapsulation and use as smart drug-delivery systems using a supercritical anti-solvent process. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sandeep D, AlSawaftah NM, Husseini GA. Immunoliposomes: Synthesis, Structure, and their Potential as Drug Delivery Carriers. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716666200227095521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoliposomes have emerged as attractive drug targeting vehicles for cancer treatment.
This review presents the recent advances in the design of immunoliposomes encapsulating a
variety of chemotherapeutic agents. We provided an overview of different routes that can be used
to conjugate antibodies to the surfaces of liposomes, as well as several examples of stimuliresponsive
immunoliposome systems and their therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sandeep
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour M. AlSawaftah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Yang L, Wang W, Hu Y, Guo J, Huang X. Biocompatible chitosan-modified core-shell Fe 3O 4 nanocomposites for exigent removal of blood lactic acid. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab9b1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Excess lactic acid in blood will lead to hyperlactatemia, which is frequently detected in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care. Reducing the blood lactic acid content using acute treatments becomes particularly important for bringing a patient out of danger. Traditional treatments often fail in case of malfunctioning of a patients’ metabolism. Herein, nanotechnology was introduced to remove blood lactic acid independent of metabolism. In this work, chitosan was employed as the shell to adsorb lactic acid, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were employed as the core to enable proper magnetic separation property. Our data showed that core–shell nanocomposites (NCs) had an exigent and efficient adsorption behavior. Furthermore, they could be easily separated from blood plasma by magnetic separation. Thus, the good hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility indicated that of core–shell NCs hold great potential in lactic acid removal for emergent hyperlactatemia treatment.
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17
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Raut SY, Manne AS, Kalthur G, Jain S, Mutalik S. Cyclodextrins as Carriers in Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Agents: Focused Review on Traditional and Inimitable Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:444-454. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190306163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the article is to provide a comprehensive review on the application of cyclodextrin
complexation in the delivery of drugs, bioactive molecules or macromolecules, with more emphasis on targeted
drug delivery. Classically the cyclodextrins have been considered only as a means of improving the solubility of
drugs; however, many attempts have been made to use cyclodextrins as drug delivery carriers. The cyclodextrin
surface can be modified with various ligands for active targeting of drugs. It can also be passively targeted
through various triggering mechanisms like thermal, magnetic, pH dependent, light dependent, ultrasound, etc. A
comprehensive literature review has been done in the area of drug delivery using cyclodextrins. Applications of
inclusion complexes in the drug delivery through various routes with examples are discussed. This review focuses
on receptor mediated active targeting as well as stimuli responsive passive targeting of drugs/genes by using
cyclodextrins. The article provides a detailed insight of the use of cyclodextrins and their derivatives on the targeted
delivery of the drugs/genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Y. Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Alekhya S.N. Manne
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
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18
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Huang X, Chen C, Zhu X, Zheng X, Li S, Gong X, Xiao Z, Jiang N, Yu C, Yi C. Transdermal BQ-788/EA@ZnO quantum dots as targeting and smart tyrosinase inhibitors in melanocytes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:45-52. [PMID: 31147016 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase inhibitors could effectively limit the activity of tyrosinase in melanocytes to reduce the excessive synthesis and deposition of melanin. However, low skin permeability and lacking in targeting greatly restricted their application. Herein, ZnO quantum dots were synthesized by gel-sol method and grafted with BQ-788, which have been employed as transdermal and targeting carrier to delivery ellagic acid to melanocytes. Ellagic acid loaded ZnO quantum dots with the size distribution of around 9 nm could targetedly bind to melanocytes and enter the melanocytes by endocytosis within 1 h. The ellagic acid release behavior was controlled by the decreasing of pH via the rapid dissolution of ZnO. When the concentration of BQ-788/EA@ZnO was 12.5 μg/mL, the inhibition rate on tyrosinase activity and melanin deposition were up to 44.23 ± 4.97% and 37.50 ± 5.23%, respectively. In view of their good biocompatibility, they were of great potential in clinically external application for tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- School of Sports and Health Science, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China; School of Sports and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Institute of Cultural and Technological Industry Innovation of Tongren, Tongren 554300, China.
| | - Chun Chen
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Sports and Health Science, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xingquan Gong
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Zuli Xiao
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Cangyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Caixia Yi
- School of Sports and Health Science, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China.
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19
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Ke Y, Zhang X, Liu C, Xiao M, Li H, Fan J, Fu P, Wang S, Zan F, Wu G. Polypseudorotaxane functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a dual responsive carrier for roxithromycin delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:159-170. [PMID: 30889688 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A magnetic-pH dual responsive drug delivery system was prepared for antibacterial therapy to reduce the side effects on nonpathological cells or tissues. Iron oxide (Fe3O4) core was surface-functionalized with silane coupling agents to link β‑cyclodextrin (β-CD) (CDMNP), and a polypseudorotaxanes shell where polyethyleneglycol chains threaded much CD molecules was further prepared on the magnetic Fe3O4 core (CDMNP-PEG-CD) to enhance loading capacity of roxithromycin (ROX). CDMNP-PEG-CD with a hydrodynamic diameter of ~168 nm was cytocompatible, superparamagnetic, magnetic-responsive and stable for 180 min of storage. No significant interaction with serum albumin was shown for the nanocomposites. The in vitro release from ROX-loaded CDMNP-PEG-CD nanocomposites was about 76% of total drug within 30 min at pH 1.0, 1.6-fold of that at pH 7.4 and 2-fold of that at pH 8.0, presenting pH-responsive drug release behaviors. The nanocomposites showed positive antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus based on an agar diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites was more sensitive against E. coli than S. aureus, and the inhibition halo against E. coli was 85% more than that of Fe3O4. CDMNP-PEG-CD nanocomposites allowed for the localization and fast concentration of hydrophobic drugs, providing a broad potential range of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Caikun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiachen Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Fei Zan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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20
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Sivaram AJ, Wardiana A, Howard CB, Mahler SM, Thurecht KJ. Recent Advances in the Generation of Antibody-Nanomaterial Conjugates. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28961378 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nanomedicines have significantly changed the way new therapeutics are designed to treat disease. Central to successful therapeutics is the ability to control the dynamics of protein-nanomaterial interactions to enhance the therapeutic effect of the nanomedicine. The aim of this review is to illustrate the diversity and versatility of the conjugation approaches involved in the synthesis of antibody-nanoparticle conjugates, and highlight significant new advances in the field of bioconjugation. Such nanomedicines have found utility as both advanced therapeutic agents, as well as more complex imaging contrast agents that can provide both anatomical and functional information of diseased tissue. While such conjugates show significant promise as next generation targeted nanomedicines, it is recognized that there are in fact no clinically approved targeted therapeutics on the market. This fact is reflected upon within this review, and attempts are made to draw some reasoning from the complexities associated with the bioconjugation chemistry approaches that are typically utilized. Present trends, as well as future directions of next generation targeted nanomedicines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal J. Sivaram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology Queensland Node University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Andri Wardiana
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Brisbane University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Stephen M. Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Brisbane University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology Queensland Node University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
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21
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Wu M, Huang S. Magnetic nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:738-746. [PMID: 29075487 PMCID: PMC5649002 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have demonstrated marked progress in the field of oncology. General nanoparticles are widely used in tumor targeting, and the intrinsic magnetic property of MNPs makes them the most promising nanomaterial to be used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and induced magnetic hyperthermia. The properties of MNPs are fully exploited when they are used as drug delivery agents, wherein drugs may be targeted to the desired specific location in vivo by application of an external magnetic field. Early diagnosis of cancer may be achieved by MRI, therefore, individualized treatment may be combined with MRI, so as to achieve the precise definition and appropriate treatment. In the present review, research on MNPs in cancer diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment has been summarized. Furthermore, the future perspectives and challenges of MNPs in the field of oncology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, P.R. China
| | - Shengwu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, P.R. China
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22
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Cutrone G, Casas-Solvas JM, Vargas-Berenguel A. Cyclodextrin-Modified inorganic materials for the construction of nanocarriers. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:621-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Pietersz GA, Wang X, Yap ML, Lim B, Peter K. Therapeutic targeting in nanomedicine: the future lies in recombinant antibodies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1873-1889. [PMID: 28703636 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique chemical and functional properties of nanoparticles can be harnessed for the delivery of large quantities of various therapeutic biomolecules. Active targeting of nanoparticles by conjugating ligands that bind to target cells strongly facilitates accumulation, internalization into target cells and longer retention at the target site, with consequent enhanced therapeutic effects. Recombinant antibodies with high selectivity and availability for a vast range of targets will dominate the future. In this review, we systematically outline the tremendous progress in the conjugation of antibodies to nanoparticles and the clear advantages that recombinant antibodies offer in the therapeutic targeting of nanoparticles. The demonstrated flexibility of recombinant antibody coupling to nanoparticles highlights the bright future of this technology for modern therapeutic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Pietersz
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Burnet Institute, Centre for Biomedical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - May Lin Yap
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bock Lim
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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24
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Carter T, Mulholland P, Chester K. Antibody-targeted nanoparticles for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy 2017; 8:941-58. [PMID: 27381686 DOI: 10.2217/imt.16.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are diverse and versatile with physical properties that can be employed for use in cancer medicine. Targeting NPs using antibodies and antibody fragments could overcome some of the limitations seen with current targeted therapies. This review will discuss the role of antibody-targeted NPs in the treatment of cancer: as delivery vehicles, targeted theranostic agents and in the evolving field of cancer hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Carter
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Mulholland
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kerry Chester
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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25
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Popescu RC, Andronescu E, Vasile BȘ, Truşcă R, Boldeiu A, Mogoantă L, Mogoșanu GD, Temelie M, Radu M, Grumezescu AM, Savu D. Fabrication and Cytotoxicity of Gemcitabine-Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071080. [PMID: 28657606 PMCID: PMC6152359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been successfully used for the fabrication of targeted anti-cancer drug carriers. This study aimed to obtain Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles functionalized with Gemcitabine to improve the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic substance on cancer cells. The (un) functionalized magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method. The nanoconjugate characterization was performed by XRD, SEM, SAED and HRTEM; the functionalizing of magnetite with anti-tumor substances has been highlighted through TGA. The interaction with biologic media has been studied by means of stability and agglomeration tendency (using DLS and Zeta Potential); also, the release kinetics of the drug in culture media was evaluated. Cytotoxicity of free-Gemcitabine and the obtained nanoconjugate were evaluated on human BT 474 breast ductal carcinoma, HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and MG 63 osteosarcoma cells by MTS. In parallel, cellular morphology of these cells were examined through fluorescence microscopy and SEM. The localization of the nanoparticles related to the cells was studied using SEM, EDX and TEM. Hemolysis assay showed no damage of erythrocytes. Additionally, an in vivo biodistribution study was made for tracking where Fe₃O₄@Gemcitabine traveled in the body of mice. Our results showed that the transport of the drug improves the cytotoxic effects in comparison with the one produced by free Gemcitabine for the BT474 and HepG2 cells. The in vivo biodistribution test proved nanoparticle accumulation in the vital organs, with the exception of spleen, where black-brown deposits have been found. These results indicate that our Gemcitabine-functionalized nanoparticles are a promising targeted system for applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Cristina Popescu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Măgurele 077125, Romania.
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, Bucharest 011061, Romania.
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, Bucharest 011061, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Ștefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, Bucharest 011061, Romania.
| | - Roxana Truşcă
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, Bucharest 011061, Romania.
| | - Adina Boldeiu
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 12A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, Bucharest 077190, Romania.
| | - Laurențiu Mogoantă
- Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareș Street, Craiova 200349, Romania.
| | - George Dan Mogoșanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareș Street, Craiova 200349, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Temelie
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Măgurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Măgurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, Bucharest 011061, Romania.
| | - Diana Savu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Măgurele 077125, Romania.
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26
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Monteiro AP, Caminhas LD, Ardisson JD, Paniago R, Cortés ME, Sinisterra RD. Magnetic nanoparticles coated with cyclodextrins and citrate for irinotecan delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 163:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Zhang J, Ding YR, Wang R. Inhibition of tissue transglutaminase promotes Aβ-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1534-1542. [PMID: 27665848 PMCID: PMC5260835 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) catalyzes proteins, including β-amyloid (Aβ), to cross-link as a γ-glutamyl-ε-lysine structure isopeptide, which is highly resistant to proteolysis. Thus, tTG plays an important role in protein accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we examined the effect of an irreversible tTG inhibitor, NTU283, on Aβ mimic-induced AD pathogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS Western blot and in-cell Western analyses were used to detect tTG and isopeptide (representing the enzyme activity of tTG) protein levels. Moreover, Hoechst and PI co-staining was performed, and caspase-3 and caspase-7 activities and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were determined to evaluate the effects of NTU283 on apoptosis. RESULTS The results confirmed that tTG activity was inhibited by NTU283 20-500 μmol/L in a concentration-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y cells. Contrary to our expectations, however, the isopeptide bonds were increased when cells were co-treated with Aβ and NTU283. In addition, NTU283 alone did not induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. However, when co-applied with Aβ, NTU283 promoted rather than inhibited Aβ-induced apoptosis. Consistent with the apoptotic rate, pretreating cells with different concentrations of NTU283 and Aβ significantly increased the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-7 as well as the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. CONCLUSION Irreversible inhibition of tTG activity did not block but rather promoted Aβ-induced apoptosis, which indicated that tTG has complex functions in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-rong Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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28
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Safdari Y, Ahmadzadeh V, Khalili M, Jaliani HZ, Zarei V, Erfani-Moghadam V. Use of single chain antibody derivatives for targeted drug delivery. Mol Med 2016; 22:258-270. [PMID: 27249008 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Single chain antibodies (scFvs), which contain only the variable domains of full-length antibodies, are relatively small molecules that can be used for selective drug delivery. In this review, we display how scFv antibodies help improve the specificity and efficiency of drugs. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery using scFv-drug fusion peptides, siRNA delivery using scFv-conjugated nanoparticles, targeted delivery using scFv-viral peptide- fusion proteins, use of scFv in fusion with cell penetrating peptides for effective targeted drug delivery, scFv-mediated targeted delivery of inorganic nanoparticles, scFv-mediated increase of tumor killing activity of granulocytes, use of scFv for tumor imaging, site-directed conjugation of scFv molecules to drug carrier systems, use of scFv to relieve pain, use of scFv for increasing drug loading efficiency are among the topics that are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub Safdari
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ahmadzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Khalili
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (GRCGH), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarei Jaliani
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vahid Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Erfani-Moghadam
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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29
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Nguyen DH, Lee JS, Choi JH, Park KM, Lee Y, Park KD. Hierarchical self-assembly of magnetic nanoclusters for theranostics: Tunable size, enhanced magnetic resonance imagability, and controlled and targeted drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2016; 35:109-17. [PMID: 26884278 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based imaging and therapy are of interest for theranostic nanomedicine. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much attention in cancer imaging, diagnostics, and treatment because of their superior imagability and biocompatibility (approved by the Food and Drug Administration). Here, we developed SPIO nanoparticles (NPs) that self-assembled into magnetic nanoclusters (SAMNs) in aqueous environments as a theranostic nano-system. To generate multi-functional SPIO NPs, we covalently conjugated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to SPIO NPs using metal-adhesive dopamine groups. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and paclitaxel (PTX) were hosted in the β-CD cavity through high affinity complexation. The core-shell structure of the magnetic nanoclusters was elucidated based on the condensed SPIO core and a PEG shell using electron microscopy and the composition was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Our results indicate that nanocluster size could be readily controlled by changing the SPIO/PEG ratio in the assemblies. Interestingly, we observed a significant enhancement in magnetic resonance contrast due to the large cluster size and dense iron oxide core. In addition, tethering a tumor-targeting peptide to the SAMNs enhanced their uptake into tumor cells. PTX was efficiently loaded into β-CDs and released in a controlled manner when exposed to competitive guest molecules. These results strongly indicate that the SAMNs developed in this study possess great potential for application in image-guided cancer chemotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we developed multi-functional SPIO NPs that self-assembled into magnetic nanoclusters (SAMNs) in aqueous conditions as a theranostic nano-system. The beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was immobilized on the surfaces of SPIO NPs and RGD-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG) and paclitaxel (PTX) were hosted in the β-CD cavity through high affinity complexation. We found that nanocluster size could be readily controlled by varying the SPIO/PEG ratio in the assemblies, and also demonstrated significant improvement of the functional nanoparticles for theranostic systems; enhanced magnetic resonance, improved cellular uptake, and efficient PTX loading and sustained release at the desired time point. These results strongly indicate that the SAMNs developed in this study possess great potential for application in image-guided cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hai Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jong Hoon Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Park
- Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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Hajba L, Guttman A. The use of magnetic nanoparticles in cancer theranostics: Toward handheld diagnostic devices. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:354-361. [PMID: 26853617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are frequently used in a wide range of biomedical applications. In the first part of this review the most commonly used preparation and surface coating approaches of MNPs are briefly summarized including multifunctional hybrid particles. The second part gives a detailed overview of the use of MNPs in "traditional" biomedical applications related to cancer theranostics, like magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery, hyperthermia and also their applicability in the next generation of point of care devices based on micro nuclear magnetic resonance and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection technology that all can be routinely applied in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Hajba
- MTA-PE Translational Glycomics Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Andras Guttman
- MTA-PE Translational Glycomics Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary; Horvath Csaba Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Lee JY, Park JH, Kim SW. Synthesis and evaluation of folate-immobilized198Au@SiO2nanocomposite materials for the diagnosis of folate-receptor-overexpressed tumor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry; College of Science and Technology, Dongguk University; Gyeongju 780-714 Republic of Korea
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Radiation Instrumentation Research Division; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup 580-185 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry; College of Science and Technology, Dongguk University; Gyeongju 780-714 Republic of Korea
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Du B, Cao X, Zhao F, Su X, Wang Y, Yan X, Jia S, Zhou J, Yao H. Multimodal imaging-guided, dual-targeted photothermal therapy for cancer. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2038-2050. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The multimodal imaging-guided, dual-targeted photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xiangjie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xiaosa Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Shaona Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
| | - Hanchun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
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Ag@Ag8W4O16 nanoroasted rice beads with photocatalytic, antibacterial and anticancer activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 60:109-118. [PMID: 26706513 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing resistance of pathogens and cancer cell line towards antibiotics and anticancer agents has caused serious health problems in the past decades. Due to these problems in recent years, researchers have tried to combine nanotechnology with material science to have intrinsic antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The metals and metal oxides were investigated with respect to their antimicrobial and anticancer effects towards bacteria and cancer cell line. In the present work metal@metal tungstate (Ag@Ag8W4O16 nanoroasted rice beads) is investigated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using Mueller-Hinton broth and the anticancer activity against B16F10 cell line was studied. Silver decorated silver tungstate (Ag@Ag8W4O16) was synthesized by the microwave irradiation method using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB). Ag@Ag8W4O16 was characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques. The phase and crystalline nature were analyzed by using XRD. The morphological analysis was carried out using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). Further, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectral analysis were carried out in order to ascertain the presence of functional groups in Ag@Ag8W4O16. The optical property was investigated using Diffuse Reflectance Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (DRS-UV-Vis) and the band gap was found to be 3.08eV. Surface area of the synthesized Ag@Ag8W4O16 wasanalyzed by BET analysis and Ag@Ag8W4O16 was utilized for the degradation of organic dyes methylene blue and rhodamine B. The morphology of the Ag@Ag8W4O16 resembles roasted rice beads with breath and length in nm range. The oxidation state of tungsten (W) and silver (Ag) was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
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Huang X, Lu J, Yue D, Fan Y, Yi C, Wang X, Zhang M, Pan J. Fe₃O₄@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites for efficient and repetitive removal of low density lipoprotein in plasma and on blood vessel. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:125101. [PMID: 25744390 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/12/125101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis therapy, which directly removes LDL from plasma by LDL-adsorbents in vitro is found to be clinically effective and safe to lower the LDL content in blood to prevent cardiovascular disease. Thus, developing excellent LDL adsorbents are becoming more and more attractive. Herein, functional Fe3O4@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites have been synthesized by a facile and eco-friendly two-step method. Not only do they possess high LDL adsorption (in PBS/plasma as well as on blood vessels) and favorable magnetic targeting ability but they can also be reused conveniently, which offer the Fe3O4@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites significant potential in the removal of LDL in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China. College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, People's Republic of China
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Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Promotes Cisplatin Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:963-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Spinel magnetite Fe3O4nanoparticles were synthesized using rambutan peel waste extract as a green ligation and chelating agent. The green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The XRD study revealed spinel phase hda a magnetite structure. The formation of iron oxide nanoparticles using rambutan extract was confirmed employing IR studies. XRD, FTIR and Raman spectrum analyses all supports the synthesis of Fe3O4nanoparticles. The TEM revealed the spinel morphology of the biosynthesized nanoparticles with 200 nm.
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