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Bose S, Li S, Mele E, Silberschmidt VV. Exploring the Mechanical Properties and Performance of Type-I Collagen at Various Length Scales: A Progress Report. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082753. [PMID: 35454443 PMCID: PMC9025246 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the basic protein of animal tissues and has a complex hierarchical structure. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical and structural stability of biological tissues. Over the years, it has become a material of interest in the biomedical industries thanks to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability and low antigenicity. Despite its significance, the mechanical properties and performance of pure collagen have been never reviewed. In this work, the emphasis is on the mechanics of collagen at different hierarchical levels and its long-term mechanical performance. In addition, the effect of hydration, important for various applications, was considered throughout the study because of its dramatic influence on the mechanics of collagen. Furthermore, the discrepancies in reports of the mechanical properties of collagenous tissues (basically composed of 20-30% collagen fibres) and those of pure collagen are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirsha Bose
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK; (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Simin Li
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK; (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Elisa Mele
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Vadim V. Silberschmidt
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK; (S.B.); (S.L.)
- Laboratory of Mechanics of Biocompatible Materials and Devices, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (V.V.S.)
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The role of physical cues in the development of stem cell-derived organoids. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2021; 51:105-117. [PMID: 34120215 PMCID: PMC8964551 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are a novel three-dimensional stem cells’ culture system that allows the in vitro recapitulation of organs/tissues structure complexity. Pluripotent and adult stem cells are included in a peculiar microenvironment consisting of a supporting structure (an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like component) and a cocktail of soluble bioactive molecules that, together, mimic the stem cell niche organization. It is noteworthy that the balance of all microenvironmental components is the most critical step for obtaining the successful development of an accurate organoid instead of an organoid with heterogeneous morphology, size, and cellular composition. Within this system, mechanical forces exerted on stem cells are collected by cellular proteins and transduced via mechanosensing—mechanotransduction mechanisms in biochemical signaling that dictate the stem cell specification process toward the formation of organoids. This review discusses the role of the environment in organoids formation and focuses on the effect of physical components on the developmental system. The work starts with a biological description of organoids and continues with the relevance of physical forces in the organoid environment formation. In this context, the methods used to generate organoids and some relevant published reports are discussed as examples showing the key role of mechanosensing–mechanotransduction mechanisms in stem cell-derived organoids.
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Mikhail J, Funabashi M, Descarreaux M, Pagé I. Assessing forces during spinal manipulation and mobilization: factors influencing the difference between forces at the patient-table and clinician-patient interfaces. Chiropr Man Therap 2020; 28:57. [PMID: 33168008 PMCID: PMC7654015 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-020-00346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and mobilization (MOB) effects are believed to be related to their force characteristics. Most previous studies have either measured the force at the patient-table interface or at the clinician-patient interface. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the difference between the force measured at the patient-table interface and the force applied at the clinician-patient interface during thoracic SMT and MOB, and 2) the influence of the SMT/MOB characteristics, participants’ anthropometry and muscle activity (sEMG) on this difference. Methods An apparatus using a servo-linear motor executed 8 SMT/MOB at the T7 vertebrae in 34 healthy adults between May and June 2019. SMT and MOB were characterized by a 20 N preload, total peak forces of 100 N or 200 N, and thrust durations of 100 ms, 250 ms, 1 s or 2 s. During each trial, thoracic sEMG, apparatus displacement as well as forces at the patient-table interface and the clinician-patient interface were recorded. The difference between the force at both interfaces was calculated. The effect of SMT/MOB characteristics on the difference between forces at both interfaces and correlations between this difference and potential influencing factors were evaluated. Results Force magnitudes at the patient-table interface were, in most trials, greater than the force at the clinician-patient interface (up to 135 N). SMT/MOB characteristics (total peak force, thrust duration and rate of force application) affected the difference between forces at both interfaces (all p-values< 0.05). No factor showed significant correlations with the difference between forces at both interfaces for the 8 SMT/MOB. Conclusions The results revealed that the force measured at the patient-table interface is greater than the applied force at the clinician-patient interface during thoracic SMT and MOB. By which mechanism the force is amplified is not yet fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Mikhail
- Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, G8Z 4M3, Québec, Canada
| | - Martha Funabashi
- Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, G8Z 4M3, Québec, Canada.,Division of Research and Innovation, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie St, Toronto, Ontario, M2H 3J1, Canada
| | - Martin Descarreaux
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, G8Z 4M3, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Pagé
- Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, G8Z 4M3, Québec, Canada. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), 25 Wilfrid-Hamel Blvd., Québec, G1M 2S8, Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
Many proteins in cells and in the extracellular matrix assemble into force-bearing networks, and some proteins clearly transduce mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals. Although structural mechanisms remain poorly understood, the designs of such proteins enable mechanical forces to either inhibit or facilitate interactions of protein domains with other proteins, including small molecules and enzymes, including proteases and kinases. Here, we review some of the structural proteins and processes that exhibit distinct modes of force-dependent signal conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanvir Saini
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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Tension in fibrils suppresses their enzymatic degradation - A molecular mechanism for 'use it or lose it'. Matrix Biol 2019; 85-86:34-46. [PMID: 31201857 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis depends on a balance of synthesis and degradation of constituent proteins, with turnover of a given protein potentially regulated by its use. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is predominantly composed of fibrillar collagens that exhibit tension-sensitive degradation, which we review here at different levels of hierarchy. Past experiments and recent proteomics measurements together suggest that mechanical strain stabilizes collagen against enzymatic degradation at the scale of tissues and fibrils whereas isolated collagen molecules exhibit a biphasic behavior that depends on load magnitude. Within a Michaelis-Menten framework, collagenases at constant concentration effectively exhibit a low activity on substrate fibrils when the fibrils are strained by tension. Mechanisms of such mechanosensitive regulation are surveyed together with relevant interactions of collagen fibrils with cells.
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Yocham KM, Scott C, Fujimoto K, Brown R, Tanasse E, Oxford JT, Lujan TJ, Estrada D. Mechanical Properties of Graphene Foam and Graphene Foam - Tissue Composites. ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2018; 20:1800166. [PMID: 30581324 PMCID: PMC6301055 DOI: 10.1002/adem.201800166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Graphene foam (GF), a 3-dimensional derivative of graphene, has received much attention recently for applications in tissue engineering due to its unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Although GF is an appealing material for cartilage tissue engineering, the mechanical properties of GF - tissue composites under dynamic compressive loads have not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to measure the elastic and viscoelastic properties of GF and GF-tissue composites under unconfined compression when quasi-static and dynamic loads are applied at strain magnitudes below 20%. The mechanical tests demonstrate a 46% increase in the elastic modulus and a 29% increase in the equilibrium modulus after 28-days of cell culture as compared to GF soaked in tissue culture medium for 24h. There was no significant difference in the amount of stress relaxation, however, the phase shift demonstrated a significant increase between pure GF and GF that had been soaked in tissue culture medium for 24h. Furthermore, we have shown that ATDC5 chondrocyte progenitor cells are viable on graphene foam and have identified the cellular contribution to the mechanical strength and viscoelastic properties of GF - tissue composites, with important implications for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Yocham
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Crystal Scott
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Kiyo Fujimoto
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Raquel Brown
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Emily Tanasse
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Julia T. Oxford
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Trevor J. Lujan
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID, 83725, USA
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Kraiem T, Barkaoui A, Chafra M, Hambli R, Tavares JMRS. New three-dimensional model based on finite element method of bone nanostructure: single TC molecule scale level. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:617-625. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1280734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tesnim Kraiem
- LR-11-ES19 Laboratoire de Mécanique Appliquée et Ingénierie (LR-MAI), Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Abdelwahed Barkaoui
- LR-11-ES19 Laboratoire de Mécanique Appliquée et Ingénierie (LR-MAI), Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
- Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d’Ingénieurs d’El Manar, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Moez Chafra
- Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d’Ingénieurs d’El Manar, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Ridha Hambli
- PRISME laboratory, EA4229, University of Orleans Polytech’ Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - João Manuel R. S. Tavares
- Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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