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Gonçalves LFFF, Reis RL, Fernandes EM. Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1286. [PMID: 38732755 PMCID: PMC11085284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of polymeric-based foam materials. These materials find several practical applications in our daily lives due to their characteristic properties such as low density, thermal insulation, and porosity, which are important in packaging, in building construction, and in biomedical applications, respectively. The first foams with practical applications used polymeric materials of petrochemical origin. However, due to growing environmental concerns, considerable efforts have been made to replace some of these materials with biodegradable polymers. Foam processing has evolved greatly in recent years due to improvements in existing techniques, such as the use of supercritical fluids in extrusion foaming and foam injection moulding, as well as the advent or adaptation of existing techniques to produce foams, as in the case of the combination between additive manufacturing and foam technology. The use of supercritical CO2 is especially advantageous in the production of porous structures for biomedical applications, as CO2 is chemically inert and non-toxic; in addition, it allows for an easy tailoring of the pore structure through processing conditions. Biodegradable polymeric materials, despite their enormous advantages over petroleum-based materials, present some difficulties regarding their potential use in foaming, such as poor melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, low service temperature, low toughness, and high brittleness, which limits their field of application. Several strategies were developed to improve the melt strength, including the change in monomer composition and the use of chemical modifiers and chain extenders to extend the chain length or create a branched molecular structure, to increase the molecular weight and the viscosity of the polymer. The use of additives or fillers is also commonly used, as fillers can improve crystallization kinetics by acting as crystal-nucleating agents. Alternatively, biodegradable polymers can be blended with other biodegradable polymers to combine certain properties and to counteract certain limitations. This work therefore aims to provide the latest advances regarding the foaming of biodegradable polymers. It covers the main foaming techniques and their advances and reviews the uses of biodegradable polymers in foaming, focusing on the chemical changes of polymers that improve their foaming ability. Finally, the challenges as well as the main opportunities presented reinforce the market potential of the biodegradable polymer foam materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. F. F. Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel M. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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2
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Daskalakis E, Hassan MH, Omar AM, Acar AA, Fallah A, Cooper G, Weightman A, Blunn G, Koc B, Bartolo P. Accelerated Degradation of Poly-ε-caprolactone Composite Scaffolds for Large Bone Defects. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030670. [PMID: 36771970 PMCID: PMC9921763 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the accelerated hydrolytic degradation process of both anatomically designed bone scaffolds with a pore size gradient and a rectangular shape (biomimetically designed scaffolds or bone bricks). The effect of material composition is investigated considering poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) as the main scaffold material, reinforced with ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and bioglass at a concentration of 20 wt%. In the case of rectangular scaffolds, the effect of pore size (200 μm, 300 μm and 500 μm) is also investigated. The degradation process (accelerated degradation) was investigated during a period of 5 days in a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) medium. Degraded bone bricks and rectangular scaffolds were measured each day to evaluate the weight loss of the samples, which were also morphologically, thermally, chemically and mechanically assessed. The results show that the PCL/bioglass bone brick scaffolds exhibited faster degradation kinetics in comparison with the PCL, PCL/HA and PCL/TCP bone bricks. Furthermore, the degradation kinetics of rectangular scaffolds increased by increasing the pore size from 500 μm to 200 μm. The results also indicate that, for the same material composition, bone bricks degrade slower compared with rectangular scaffolds. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the degradation process was faster on the external regions of the bone brick scaffolds (600 μm pore size) compared with the internal regions (200 μm pore size). The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results show that the ceramic concentration remained constant throughout the degradation process, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that all scaffolds exhibited a reduction in crystallinity (Xc), enthalpy (Δm) and melting temperature (Tm) throughout the degradation process, while the glass transition temperature (Tg) slightly increased. Finally, the compression results show that the mechanical properties decreased during the degradation process, with PCL/bioglass bone bricks and rectangular scaffolds presenting higher mechanical properties with the same design in comparison with the other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Daskalakis
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mohamed H Hassan
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Abdalla M Omar
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anil A Acar
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Fallah
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Glen Cooper
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew Weightman
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Bahattin Koc
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Hatami T, Cidreira ACM, Linan LZ, Innocentini Mei LH. A Foam‐Expansion and Wall‐Evolution Model for Scaffold Fabrication Using Supercritical CO
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Foaming. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmasb Hatami
- University of Campinas – UNICAMP Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess School of Chemical Engineering Av. Albert Einstein 500 CEP 13083-852 Campinas – SP Brazil
| | - Anne Carolyne Mendonça Cidreira
- University of Campinas – UNICAMP Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess School of Chemical Engineering Av. Albert Einstein 500 CEP 13083-852 Campinas – SP Brazil
| | - Lamia Zuniga Linan
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) Departamento de Engenharia Química Av. dos Portugueses 1966, Bacanga CEP 65080-805 São Luís-MA Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei
- University of Campinas – UNICAMP Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess School of Chemical Engineering Av. Albert Einstein 500 CEP 13083-852 Campinas – SP Brazil
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Application of the Integrated Supercritical Fluid Extraction–Impregnation Process (SFE-SSI) for Development of Materials with Antiviral Properties. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrated supercritical fluid extraction–impregnation process (SFE-SSI) was performed to fabricate material with antiviral properties against the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Cotton gauze and starch/chitosan polymer films (SCF) were impregnated with components extracted from Melissa officinalis at 10 MPa and 40 °C using a green medium, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The influences of the processing mode regarding the flow of the supercritical fluid through the system, and the mass ratio of the plant material and the solid carrier, on the impregnation yield of M. officinalis extract were studied. The results revealed that the introduction of a fresh amount of CO2 into the system enabled the highest impregnation yield of 2.24% for cotton gauze and 8.71% for SCF. The presence of M. officinalis extract on the surface of both impregnated cotton gaze and SCF was confirmed by FTIR and GC analyses after the re-extraction of the impregnated samples. The M. officinalis impregnated materials showed a strong inhibitory effect against Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1).
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Supercritical Foaming and Impregnation of Polycaprolactone and Polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite Composites with Carvacrol. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) and polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (PCL-HA) scaffolds were produced by foaming in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at 20 MPa, as well as in one-step foaming and impregnation process using carvacrol as an antibacterial agent with proven activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The experimental design was developed to study the influence of temperature (40 °C and 50 °C), HA content (10 and 20 wt.%), and depressurization rate (one and two-step decompression) on the foams’ morphology, porosity, pore size distribution, and carvacrol impregnation yield. The characterization of the foams was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SEM-FIB), Gay-Lussac density bottle measurements, and Fourier–transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. The obtained results demonstrate that processing PCL and PCL-HA scaffolds by means of scCO2 foaming enables preparing foams with porosity in the range of 65.55–74.39% and 61.98–67.13%, at 40 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The presence of carvacrol led to a lower porosity. At 40 °C and one-step decompression at a slow rate, the porosity of impregnated scaffolds was higher than at 50 °C and two- step fast decompression. However, a narrower pore size distribution was obtained at the last processing conditions. PCL scaffolds with HA resulted in higher carvacrol impregnation yields than neat PCL foams. The highest carvacrol loading (10.57%) was observed in the scaffold with 10 wt.% HA obtained at 50 °C.
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Coutinho IT, Maia-Obi LP, Champeau M. Aspirin-Loaded Polymeric Films for Drug Delivery Systems: Comparison between Soaking and Supercritical CO 2 Impregnation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:824. [PMID: 34199551 PMCID: PMC8229088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric implants loaded with drugs can overcome the disadvantages of oral or injection drug administration and deliver the drug locally. Several methods can load drugs into polymers. Herein, soaking and supercritical CO2 (scCO2) impregnation methods were employed to load aspirin into poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). Higher drug loadings (DL) were achieved with scCO2 impregnation compared to soaking and in a shorter time (3.4 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4% for PLLA; and 0.4 ± 0.5 vs. 0.6 ± 0.5% for LLDPE), due to the higher swelling capacity of CO2. The higher affinity of aspirin explained the higher DL in PLLA than in LLDPE. Residual solvent was detected in LLDPE prepared by soaking, but within the FDA concentration limits. The solvents used in both methods acted as plasticizers and increased PLLA crystallinity. PLLA impregnated with aspirin exhibited faster hydrolysis in vitro due to the catalytic effect of aspirin. Finally, PLLA impregnated by soaking showed a burst release because of aspirin crystals on the PLLA surface, and released 100% of aspirin within 60 days, whereas the PLLA prepared with scCO2 released 60% after 74 days by diffusion and PLLA erosion. Hence, the scCO2 impregnation method is adequate for higher aspirin loadings and prolonged drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathilde Champeau
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre 09210-580, Brazil; (I.T.C.); (L.P.M.-O.)
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Sattari A, Ramazani A, Aghahosseini H, Aroua MK. The application of polymer containing materials in CO2 capturing via absorption and adsorption methods. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Maksimovic S, Tadic V, Zvezdanovic J, Zizovic I. Utilization of supercritical CO2 in bioactive principles isolation from Helichrysum italicum and their adsorption on selected fabrics. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Application of a Natural Antioxidant from Grape Pomace Extract in the Development of Bioactive Jute Fibers for Food Packaging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020216. [PMID: 33540565 PMCID: PMC7912872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for the use of new food packaging materials. In this study, natural jute fibers impregnated with a Petit Verdot Red Grape Pomace Extract (RGPE) was proposed as a new active food packaging material. Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and Enhanced Solvent Extraction (ESE) techniques were employed to obtain the bioactive RGPE. Afterward the supercritical solvent impregnation conditions to obtain RGPE-natural jute fibers were studied, by varying pressure, modifier percentage and dried RGPE mass. PLE technique offered the highest bioactive extract at 20 MPa, 55 °C, 1 h residence time using C2H5OH:H2O (1:1 v/v), providing an EC50 of 3.35 ± 0.25 and antibacterial capacity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC of 12.0, 1.5 and 4.0 mg/mL RGPE respectively). The natural jute fibers impregnated with 3 mL of that RGPE (90 mg/mL) at 50 MPa and 55 °C generated the most efficient packing material with regards to its food preservation potential.
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10
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Zalepugin DY, Tilkunova NA, Chernyshova IV. Impregnation of Polymer Materials in Supercritical Media (a Review). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793120070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Santos-Rosales V, Gallo M, Jaeger P, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Gómez-Amoza JL, García-González CA. New insights in the morphological characterization and modelling of poly(ε-caprolactone) bone scaffolds obtained by supercritical CO2 foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Hatami T, Flores Johner JC, de Castro KC, Innocentini Mei LH, Adeodato Vieira MG, Meireles MAA. New Insight into a Step-by-Step Modeling of Supercritical CO 2 Foaming to Fabricate Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffold. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmasb Hatami
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar Flores Johner
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering), UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Karine Cappuccio de Castro
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei
- Department of Materials Engineering and Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
- Department of Process and Product Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Albert Einstein 500, CEP 13083-852, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - M. Angela A. Meireles
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering), UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Campinas - SP, Brazil
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Zizovic I. Supercritical Fluid Applications in the Design of Novel Antimicrobial Materials. Molecules 2020; 25:E2491. [PMID: 32471270 PMCID: PMC7321342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the biggest problems in the modern world. The prevention of bacterial spreading from hospitals to the community and vice versa is an issue we have to deal with. This review presents a vast potential of contemporary high-pressure techniques in the design of materials with antimicrobial activity. Scientists from all over the world came up with ideas on how to exploit extraordinary properties of supercritical fluids in the production of advantageous materials in an environmentally friendly way. The review summarizes reported methods and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Zizovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Tuning the three-dimensional architecture of supercritical CO2 foamed PCL scaffolds by a novel mould patterning approach. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Tsai WC, Wang Y. Progress of supercritical fluid technology in polymerization and its applications in biomedical engineering. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Kuska R, Milovanovic S, Frerich S, Ivanovic J. Thermal analysis of polylactic acid under high CO2 pressure applied in supercritical impregnation and foaming process design. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Jin Y, Ma Y, Xie W, Hou L, Xu H, Zhang K, Zhang L, Du Y. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-oriented characteristic components dataset and multivariate statistical techniques for the holistic quality control of Usnea. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15487-15500. [PMID: 35539471 PMCID: PMC9080115 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The holistic quality evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is confronted with significant challenges due to its extreme chemical complexity. In this study, a sensitive strategy based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and chemometric analysis was established and validated for the qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of characteristic components in Usnea. First, three mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns of phenolic acid standards were studied and summarized. Then, an extract of this herb was analyzed by the full-scan MS spectra and identified by extracted ion chromatography (XIC). Based on the abovementioned methods, a total of 38 compounds (8 dibenzofurans, 11 didepsides, 13 depsidones, and 6 mono-substituted phenyl rings) were identified. Subsequently, the qualities of Usnea samples from different regions were evaluated by the semi-quantitative analysis based on their relative peak areas. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to compare the Usnea herbs and to find possible diagnostic chemical components. This novel and powerful strategy could provide a potential approach for the holistic quality control of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050017 P. R. China +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86265625
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000 P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050017 P. R. China +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86265625
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Shijiazhuang Hebei 050031 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050017 P. R. China +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86265625
| | - Ludan Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050017 P. R. China +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86265625
| | - Huijun Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050017 P. R. China +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86265625
| | - Kerong Zhang
- Applied Biosystems Trading Co., Ltd., Beijing Branch Office Beijing 100027 China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050017 P. R. China +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86265625
| | - Yingfeng Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050017 P. R. China +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86266419 +86-311-86265625
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Supercritical CO 2 impregnation of PLA/PCL films with natural substances for bacterial growth control in food packaging. Food Res Int 2018; 107:486-495. [PMID: 29580511 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers with antibacterial properties are highly desirable materials for active food packaging applications. Thymol, a dietary monoterpene phenol with a strong antibacterial activity is abundant in plants belonging to the genus Thymus. This study presents two approaches for supercritical CO2 impregnation of poly(lactic acid)(PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) blended films to induce antibacterial properties of the material: (i) a batch impregnation process for loading pure thymol, and (ii) an integrated supercritical extraction-impregnation process for isolation of thyme extract and its incorporation into the films, operated in both batch or semi-continuous modes with supercritical solution circulation. The PCL content in films, impregnation time and CO2 flow regime were varied to maximize loading of the films with thymol or thyme extract with preserving films' structure and thermal stability. Representative film samples impregnated with thymol and thyme extract were tested against Gram (-) (Escherichia coli) and Gram(+) (Bacillus subtilis) model strains, by measuring their metabolic activity and re-cultivation after exposure to the films. The film containing thymol (35.8 wt%) showed a strong antibacterial activity leading to a total reduction of bacterial cell viability. Proposed processes enable fast, controlled and organic solvent-free fabrication of the PLA/PCL films containing natural antibacterial substances at moderately low temperature, with a compact structure and a good thermal stability, for potential use as active food packaging materials.
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García-González CA, Barros J, Rey-Rico A, Redondo P, Gómez-Amoza JL, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Monteiro FJ. Antimicrobial Properties and Osteogenicity of Vancomycin-Loaded Synthetic Scaffolds Obtained by Supercritical Foaming. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:3349-3360. [PMID: 29313664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced porous synthetic scaffolds are particularly suitable for regeneration of damaged tissues, but there is the risk of infections due to the colonization of microorganisms, forming biofilms. Supercritical foaming is an attractive processing method to prepare bone scaffolds, regulating simultaneously the porosity and loading of bioactive compounds without loss of activity. In this work, scaffolds made of poly-ε-caprolactone (50 kDa), containing chitosan and an antimicrobial agent (vancomycin), were processed by supercritical CO2 foaming for bone regeneration purposes. The obtained scaffolds showed a suitable combination of morphological (porosity, pore size distribution, and interconnectivity), time-dependent in vitro vancomycin release behavior and biological properties (cell viability and proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and tissue-scaffold integration). The scaffolds sustained vancomycin release for more than 2 weeks. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the scaffolds was tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria after 24 h of incubation with full growth inhibition for S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joana Barros
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, and INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Ana Rey-Rico
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Pablo Redondo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José L Gómez-Amoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando J Monteiro
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, and INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Porto 4200-135, Portugal
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Salerno A, Domingo C, Saurina J. PCL foamed scaffolds loaded with 5-fluorouracil anti-cancer drug prepared by an eco-friendly route. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:1191-1197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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The Characteristics of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate/Polycaprolactone 3-dimensional Scaffold with Osteogenesis Properties for Tissue Regeneration. J Endod 2017; 43:923-929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Policicchio A, Meduri A, Simari C, Lazzaroli V, Stelitano S, Agostino R, Nicotera I. Assessment of commercial poly(ε-caprolactone) as a renewable candidate for carbon capture and utilization. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moghadam MZ, Hassanajili S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Ayatollahi M, Ahmadi M. Formation of porous HPCL/LPCL/HA scaffolds with supercritical CO 2 gas foaming method. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 69:115-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Obaidat R, Alnaief M, Jaeger P. Significant solubility of carbon dioxide in Soluplus ® facilitates impregnation of ibuprofen using supercritical fluid technology. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:697-705. [PMID: 28375669 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1315135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Soluplus® with supercritical carbon dioxide allows promising applications in preparing dispersions of amorphous solids. Several characterization techniques were employed to reveal this effect, including CO2 gas sorption under high pressure and physicochemical characterizations techniques. A gravimetric method was used to determine the solubility of carbon dioxide in the polymer at elevated pressure. The following physicochemical characterizations were used: thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Drug loading of the polymer with ibuprofen as a model drug was also investigated. The proposed treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide allows to prepare solid solutions of Soluplus® in less than two hours at temperatures that do not exceed 45 °C, which is a great advantage to be used for thermolabile drugs. The advantages of using this technology for Soluplus® formulations lies behind the high sorption capability of carbon dioxide inside the polymer. This will ensure rapid diffusion of the dissolved/dispersed drug inside the polymer under process conditions and rapid precipitation of the drug in the amorphous form during depressurization accompanied by foaming of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Obaidat
- a Pharmaceutical Technology , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | | | - Philip Jaeger
- c Technische Universitat Hamburg-Harburg , Hamburg , Germany
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Tsai KY, Lin HY, Chen YW, Lin CY, Hsu TT, Kao CT. Laser Sintered Magnesium-Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E65. [PMID: 28772425 PMCID: PMC5344575 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we manufacture and analyze bioactive magnesium-calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone (Mg-CS/PCL) 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Mg-CS powder was incorporated into PCL, and we fabricated the 3D scaffolds using laser sintering technology. These scaffolds had high porosity and interconnected-design macropores and structures. As compared to pure PCL scaffolds without an Mg-CS powder, the hydrophilic properties and degradation rate are also improved. For scaffolds with more than 20% Mg-CS content, the specimens become completely covered by a dense bone-like apatite layer after soaking in simulated body fluid for 1 day. In vitro analyses were directed using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on all scaffolds that were shown to be biocompatible and supported cell adhesion and proliferation. Increased focal adhesion kinase and promoted cell adhesion behavior were observed after an increase in Mg-CS content. In addition, the results indicate that the Mg-CS quantity in the composite is higher than 10%, and the quantity of cells and osteogenesis-related protein of hMSCs is stimulated by the Si ions released from the Mg-CS/PCL scaffolds when compared to PCL scaffolds. Our results proved that 3D Mg-CS/PCL scaffolds with such a specific ionic release and good degradability possessed the ability to promote osteogenetic differentiation of hMSCs, indicating that they might be promising biomaterials with potential for next-generation bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yang Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Yang Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Yao Lin
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Tze Kao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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Pore formation of poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with melting point reduction in supercritical CO 2 foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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