1
|
Liang X, Guo S, Kuang X, Wan X, Liu L, Zhang F, Jiang G, Cong H, He H, Tan SC. Recent advancements and perspectives on processable natural biopolymers: Cellulose, chitosan, eggshell membrane, and silk fibroin. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00603-0. [PMID: 39244421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the global economy and the continuous consumption of fossil resources, sustainable and biodegradable natural biomass has garnered extensive attention as a promising substitute for synthetic polymers. Due to their hierarchical and nanoscale structures, natural biopolymers exhibit remarkable mechanical properties, along with excellent innate biocompatibility and biodegradability, demonstrating significant potential in various application scenarios. Among these biopolymers, proteins and polysaccharides are the most commonly studied due to their low cost, abundance, and ease of use. However, the direct processing/conversion of proteins and polysaccharides into their final products has been a long-standing challenge due to their natural morphology and compositions. In this review, we emphasize the importance of processing natural biopolymers into high-value-added products through sustainable and cost-effective methods. We begin with the extraction of four types of natural biopolymers: cellulose, chitosan, eggshell membrane, and silk fibroin. The processing and post-functionalization strategies for these natural biopolymers are then highlighted. Alongside their unique structures, the versatile potential applications of these processable natural biopolymers in biomedical engineering, biosensors, environmental engineering, and energy applications are illustrated. Finally, we provide a summary and future outlook on processable natural biopolymers, underscoring the significance of converting natural biopolymers into valuable biomaterial platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Liang
- Engineering Research Center for Knitting Technology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Xiaoju Kuang
- Engineering Research Center for Knitting Technology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wan
- Engineering Research Center for Knitting Technology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Knitting Technology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Sport Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi 215200, China
| | - Gaoming Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Knitting Technology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Honglian Cong
- Engineering Research Center for Knitting Technology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haijun He
- Engineering Research Center for Knitting Technology (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Torres-Mansilla A, Hincke M, Voltes A, López-Ruiz E, Baldión PA, Marchal JA, Álvarez-Lloret P, Gómez-Morales J. Eggshell Membrane as a Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061342. [PMID: 36987123 PMCID: PMC10057008 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical features of the avian eggshell membrane play an essential role in the process of calcium carbonate deposition during shell mineralization, giving rise to a porous mineralized tissue with remarkable mechanical properties and biological functions. The membrane could be useful by itself or as a bi-dimensional scaffold to build future bone-regenerative materials. This review focuses on the biological, physical, and mechanical properties of the eggshell membrane that could be useful for that purpose. Due to its low cost and wide availability as a waste byproduct of the egg processing industry, repurposing the eggshell membrane for bone bio-material manufacturing fulfills the principles of a circular economy. In addition, eggshell membrane particles have has the potential to be used as bio-ink for 3D printing of tailored implantable scaffolds. Herein, a literature review was conducted to ascertain the degree to which the properties of the eggshell membrane satisfy the requirements for the development of bone scaffolds. In principle, it is biocompatible and non-cytotoxic, and induces proliferation and differentiation of different cell types. Moreover, when implanted in animal models, it elicits a mild inflammatory response and displays characteristics of stability and biodegradability. Furthermore, the eggshell membrane possesses a mechanical viscoelastic behavior comparable to other collagen-based systems. Overall, the biological, physical, and mechanical features of the eggshell membrane, which can be further tuned and improved, make this natural polymer suitable as a basic component for developing new bone graft materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxwell Hincke
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Ana Voltes
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, University Hospitals of Granada–University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- BioFab i3D Lab–Biofabrication and 3D (bio)Printing Singular Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
| | - Elena López-Ruiz
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, University Hospitals of Granada–University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- BioFab i3D Lab–Biofabrication and 3D (bio)Printing Singular Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus de las Lagunillas S/N, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Paula Alejandra Baldión
- Departamento de Salud Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, University Hospitals of Granada–University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- BioFab i3D Lab–Biofabrication and 3D (bio)Printing Singular Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Álvarez-Lloret
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33005 Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.Á.-L.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Jaime Gómez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos IACT–CSIC–UGR, Avda. Las Palmeras, No. 4, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.Á.-L.); (J.G.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Waste Management in the Agri-Food Industry: The Conversion of Eggshells, Spent Coffee Grounds, and Brown Onion Skins into Carriers for Lipase Immobilization. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030409. [PMID: 35159559 PMCID: PMC8834226 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in sustainable waste management in the agri-food industry following the “zero waste” model is the application of the circular economy strategy, including the development of innovative waste utilization techniques. The conversion of agri-food waste into carriers for the immobilization of enzymes is one such technique. Replacing chemical catalysts with immobilized enzymes (i.e., immobilized/heterogeneous biocatalysts) could help reduce the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability problems of existing chemically catalysed processes. On the other hand, the economics of the process strongly depend on the price of the immobilized enzyme. The conversion of agricultural and food wastes into low-cost enzyme carriers could lead to the development of immobilized enzymes with desirable operating characteristics and subsequently lower the price of immobilized enzymes for use in biocatalytic production. In this context, this review provides insight into the possibilities of reusing food industry wastes, namely, eggshells, coffee grounds, and brown onion skins, as carriers for lipase immobilization.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Chelliappan B, S R, Antonysamy M. Recent Advances in Applications of Bioactive Egg Compounds in Nonfood Sectors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:738993. [PMID: 34976961 PMCID: PMC8716877 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.738993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg, a highly nutritious food, contains high-quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals. This food has been reported for its potential pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, immunomodulatory effects, and use in tissue engineering applications. The significance of eggs and their components in disease prevention and treatment is worth more attention. Eggs not only have been known as a "functional food" to combat diseases and facilitate the promotion of optimal health, but also have numerous industrial applications. The current review focuses on different perceptions and non-food applications of eggs, including cosmetics. The versatility of eggs from an industrial perspective makes them a potential candidate for further exploration of several novel components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Department of Biology, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brindha Chelliappan
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rajeswari S
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Michael Antonysamy
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beneficial effect on rapid skin wound healing through carboxylic acid-treated chicken eggshell membrane. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112350. [PMID: 34474899 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
At the initial stage of wound healing, growth factors stimulate tissue regeneration by interacting with the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to rapid wound repair and structural support. Chicken eggshell membrane (ESM) is a low-cost and highly functional ECM biomaterial for tissue regeneration. However, natural ESM has limitations for tissue engineering purposes because it is difficult to control the size, shape, and biocompatibility of the surfaces. To overcome this, blends of synthetic materials and natural ESMs, such as soluble eggshell membrane protein, are combined for biomaterial applications. Unfortunately, it is difficult to pattern fibrous structure. Here, we modified the natural chicken ESM through weak acid treatment to promote wound healing and skin regeneration without loss of fibrous structure. Treatment of citric acid and acetic acid reacted the amine or amide group with carboxyl groups (R-COOH) and achieved hydrophilicity for adherence of proliferating regenerative cells. Our in vitro study revealed that the modified ESM scaffolds significantly promoted human dermal fibroblasts adhesion, viability, proliferation, and cytokine secretion, compared with natural ESM. In addition, the modified ESM accelerated skin regeneration and enhanced the wound healing process even at early stages in an in vivo rat wound model. Collectively, the modified ESM performed best for promoting skin regeneration, cytokine secretion, epidermal cell proliferation, and controlling the inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
6
|
Park S, Kim T, Gwon Y, Kim S, Kim D, Park HH, Lim KT, Jeong HE, Kim K, Kim J. Graphene-Layered Eggshell Membrane as a Flexible and Functional Scaffold for Enhanced Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4242-4248. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Park
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Teayeop Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Gwon
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Daun Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Eui Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu M, Liu T, Zhang X, Jian Z, Xia H, Yang J, Hu X, Xing M, Luo G, Wu J. Fabrication of KR-12 peptide-containing hyaluronic acid immobilized fibrous eggshell membrane effectively kills multi-drug-resistant bacteria, promotes angiogenesis and accelerates re-epithelialization. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3345-3360. [PMID: 31190796 PMCID: PMC6516050 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s199618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Designing a wound dressing that effectively prevents multi-drug-resistant bacterial infection and promotes angiogenesis and re-epithelialization is of great significance for wound management. Methods and results: In this study, a biocompatible composite membrane comprising biomimetic polydopamine-modified eggshell membrane nano/microfibres coated with KR-12 antimicrobial peptide and hyaluronic acid (HA) was developed in an eco-friendly manner. The physicochemical properties of the composite membrane were thoroughly characterized, and the results showed that the surface hydrophilicity and water absorption ability of the composite membrane were improved after the successive conjugation of the HA and the KR-12 peptide. Furthermore, the in vitrobiological results revealed that the composite membrane had excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and it could prevent MRSA biofilm formation on its surface. Additionally, it promoted the proliferation of keratinocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells and increased the secretion of VEGF. Finally, an in vivo animal study indicated that the composite membrane could promote wound healing via accelerating angiogenesis and re-epithelialization, which were demonstrated by the enhanced expression of angiogenetic markers (CD31 and VEGF) and keratinocyte proliferation marker (PCNA), respectively. Conclusion: These results indicated that the composite membrane is a potential candidate of wound dressings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hesheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacai Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guha Ray P, Pal P, Srivas PK, Basak P, Roy S, Dhara S. Surface Modification of Eggshell Membrane with Electrospun Chitosan/Polycaprolactone Nanofibers for Enhanced Dermal Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:985-998. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Preetam Guha Ray
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Srivas
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Piyali Basak
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somenath Roy
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Khurja Center, Khurja 203131, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A straightforward route to obtain organic/inorganic hybrid network from bio-waste: Electroless deposition of ZnO nanostructures on eggshell membranes. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Enhanced catalytic stability of lipase immobilized on oxidized and disulfide-rich eggshell membrane for esters hydrolysis and transesterification. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1328-1336. [PMID: 28768186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Eggshell membrane (ESM) is an industrial waste that is available in abundance from food industry. Present study investigated the physicochemical properties of oxidized ESM and compared the efficiency of ESM and oxidized ESM as carrier for Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BCL) used in esters hydrolysis and transesterification. Following oxidation treatment, FTIR analysis and Ellman's assay showed amino acid cysteine in ESM was oxidized to form disulfide bond-containing cystine. In addition, AFM analysis showed ESM which exhibited a highly porous filamentous structure appeared to be coalesce following oxidation treatment. Oxidized ESM also showed reduced porosity (38.67%) in comparison to native ESM (51.65%). BCL were successfully immobilized on oxidized ESM through carrier activation method (enzyme loading of 5.01mg protein/g oxidized ESM). These immobilized lipase demonstrated significantly (P<0.05) enhanced catalytic stability with close to 100% of initial hydrolysis (12.03±0.29mmol/min/g) activity; and more than 85% of its initial transesterification (7.83±0.05) activity for at least 10 consecutive runs. Enhanced catalytic stability of BCL immobilized on oxidized ESM might be due to stabilization of the protein structure in oxidized ESM by disulfide bonds which helped formation of a stable bonding with BCL.
Collapse
|