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Teixeira ABV, Valente MLDC, Sessa JPN, Gubitoso B, Schiavon MA, dos Reis AC. Adhesion of biofilm, surface characteristics, and mechanical properties of antimicrobial denture base resin. J Adv Prosthodont 2023; 15:80-92. [PMID: 37153005 PMCID: PMC10154147 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2023.15.2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study incorporated the nanomaterial, nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3), into heat-cured resin (HT) at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% and compared the adhesion of multispecies biofilms, surface characteristics, and mechanical properties with conventional heat-cured (HT 0%) and printed resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS AgVO3 was incorporated in mass into HT powder. A denture base resin was used to obtain printed samples. Adhesion of a multispecies biofilm of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans was evaluated by colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and metabolic activity. Wettability, roughness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the physical characteristics of the surface. The mechanical properties of flexural strength and elastic modulus were tested. RESULTS HT 10%-AgVO3 showed efficacy against S. mutans; however, it favored C. albicans CFU/mL (P < .05). The printed resin showed a higher metabolically active biofilm than HT 0% (P < .05). There was no difference in wettability or roughness between groups (P > .05). Irregularities on the printed resin surface and pores in HT 5%-AgVO3 were observed by SEM. HT 0% showed the highest flexural strength, and the resins incorporated with AgVO3 had the highest elastic modulus (P < .05). CONCLUSION The incorporation of 10% AgVO3 into heat-cured resin provided antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in a multispecies biofilm did not affect the roughness or wettability but reduced flexural strength and increased elastic modulus. Printed resin showed higher irregularity, an active biofilm, and lower flexural strength and elastic modulus than heat-cured resin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruna Gubitoso
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Schiavon
- Natural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Brazil
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Santos NE, Mendes JC, Braga SS. The Gemstone Cyborg: How Diamond Films Are Creating New Platforms for Cell Regeneration and Biointerfacing. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041626. [PMID: 36838614 PMCID: PMC9968187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diamond is a promising material for the biomedical field, mainly due to its set of characteristics such as biocompatibility, strength, and electrical conductivity. Diamond can be synthesised in the laboratory by different methods, is available in the form of plates or films deposited on foreign substrates, and its morphology varies from microcrystalline diamond to ultrananocrystalline diamond. In this review, we summarise some of the most relevant studies regarding the adhesion of cells onto diamond surfaces, the consequent cell growth, and, in some very interesting cases, the differentiation of cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes. We discuss how different morphologies can affect cell adhesion and how surface termination can influence the surface hydrophilicity and consequent attachment of adherent proteins. At the end of the review, we present a brief perspective on how the results from cell adhesion and biocompatibility can make way for the use of diamond as biointerface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia E. Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações and University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana C. Mendes
- Instituto de Telecomunicações and University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.); (S.S.B.)
| | - Susana Santos Braga
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.); (S.S.B.)
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Terranova ML. Key Challenges in Diamond Coating of Titanium Implants: Current Status and Future Prospects. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123149. [PMID: 36551907 PMCID: PMC9775193 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over past years, the fabrication of Ti-based permanent implants for fracture fixation, joint replacement and bone or tooth substitution, has become a routine task. However, it has been found that some degradation phenomena occurring on the Ti surface limits the life or the efficiency of the artificial constructs. The task of avoiding such adverse effects, to prevent microbial colonization and to accelerate osteointegration, is being faced by a variety of approaches in order to adapt Ti surfaces to the needs of osseous tissues. Among the large set of biocompatible materials proposed as an interface between Ti and the hosting tissue, diamond has been proven to offer bioactive and mechanical properties able to match the specific requirements of osteoblasts. Advances in material science and implant engineering are now enabling us to produce micro- or nano-crystalline diamond coatings on a variety of differently shaped Ti constructs. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the research currently ongoing in the field of diamond-coated orthopedic Ti implants and to examine the evolution of the concepts that are accelerating the full transition of such technology from the laboratory to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Terranova
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy; or
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
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A Biocompatible Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (UNCD) Coating for a New Generation of Dental Implants. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050782. [PMID: 35269268 PMCID: PMC8911871 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Implant therapy using osseointegratable titanium (Ti) dental implants has revolutionized clinical dental practice and has shown a high rate of success. However, because a metallic implant is in contact with body tissues and fluids in vivo, ions/particles can be released into the biological milieu as a result of corrosion or biotribocorrosion. Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) coatings possess a synergistic combination of mechanical, tribological, and chemical properties, which makes UNCD highly biocompatible. In addition, because the UNCD coating is made of carbon (C), a component of human DNA, cells, and molecules, it is potentially a highly biocompatible coating for medical implant devices. The aim of the present research was to evaluate tissue response to UNCD-coated titanium micro-implants using a murine model designed to evaluate biocompatibility. Non-coated (n = 10) and UNCD-coated (n = 10) orthodontic Ti micro-implants were placed in the hematopoietic bone marrow of the tibia of male Wistar rats. The animals were euthanized 30 days post implantation. The tibiae were resected, and ground histologic sections were obtained and stained with toluidine blue. Histologically, both groups showed lamellar bone tissue in contact with the implants (osseointegration). No inflammatory or multinucleated giant cells were observed. Histomorphometric evaluation showed no statistically significant differences in the percentage of BIC between groups (C: 53.40 ± 13% vs. UNCD: 58.82 ± 9%, p > 0.05). UNCD showed good biocompatibility properties. Although the percentage of BIC (osseointegration) was similar in UNCD-coated and control Ti micro-implants, the documented tribological properties of UNCD make it a superior implant coating material. Given the current surge in the use of nano-coatings, nanofilms, and nanostructured surfaces to enhance the biocompatibility of biomedical implants, the results of the present study contribute valuable data for the manufacture of UNCD coatings as a new generation of superior dental implants.
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Booth MA, Pope L, Sherrell PC, Stacey A, Tran PA, Fox KE. Polycrystalline diamond coating on 3D printed titanium scaffolds: Surface characterisation and foreign body response. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112467. [PMID: 34702542 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium-based implants are the leading material for orthopaedic surgery, due to their strength, versatility, fabrication via additive manufacturing and invoked biological response. However, the interface between the implant and the host tissue requires improvement to better integrate the implant material and mitigate foreign body response. The interface can be manipulated by changing the surface energy, chemistry, and topography of the Titanium-based implant. Recently, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) has emerged as an exciting coating material for 3D printed titanium scaffolds showing enhanced mammalian cell functions while inhibiting bacterial attachment in vitro. In this study, we performed in-depth characterisation of PCD coatings investigating the surface topography, thickness, surface energy, and compared its foreign body response in vivo with uncoated titanium scaffold. Coating PCD onto titanium scaffolds resulted in a similar microscale surface roughness (RMS(PCD-coated) = 24 μm; RMS(SLM-Ti) = 28 μm), increased nanoscale roughness (RMS(PCD-coated) = 35 nm; RMS(SLM-Ti) = 66 nm) and a considerable decrease in surface free energy (E(PCD-coated) = 4 mN m-1; E(SLM-Ti) = 16 mN m-1). These surface property changes were supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy as corresponding to observed surface chemistry changes induced by the coating. The underlying mechanism of how the diamond coatings chemical and physical properties changes the wettability of implants was examined. In vivo, the coated scaffolds induced similar level of fibrous encapsulation with uncoated scaffolds. This study thus provides further insight into the physicochemical characteristics of PCD coatings, adding evidence to the promising potential of PCD-coatings of medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsilea A Booth
- Center for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leon Pope
- Center for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alastair Stacey
- Center for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Phong A Tran
- Interface Science and Materials Engineering Group, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Kate E Fox
- Center for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Rifai A, Tran N, Leitch V, Booth MA, Williams R, Fox K. Osteoblast Cell Response on Polycrystalline Diamond-Coated Additively Manufactured Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7509-7516. [PMID: 35006692 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of metals using selective laser melting can create customized parts with various degrees of complexity and geometry for medical implants. However, challenges remain in accepting orthopedic implants due to the bio-inert surface of metal scaffolds, resulting in a lack of osseointegration. Here, we show that polycrystalline diamond (PCD) coatings on selective laser melted titanium (SLM-Ti) scaffolds can improve the cell-to-material interaction of osteoblasts. The results show that by controlling the uniformity of the diamond coatings, we can mediate the biological response of osteoblasts, such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and spreading. The osteoblasts show favorable cell adhesion and spreading on non-planar PCD-coated scaffolds compared to the un-coated SLM-Ti scaffold. This study plays an important role in understanding the key physicochemical behavior of bone cell growth on customized orthopedic implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqil Rifai
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Nhiem Tran
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Victoria Leitch
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Marsilea A Booth
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Richard Williams
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Kate Fox
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.,Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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Mani N, Rifai A, Houshyar S, Booth MA, Fox K. Diamond in medical devices and sensors: An overview of diamond surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mds3.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Mani
- Center for Additive Manufacturing School of Engineering RMIT University VIC Australia
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Aaqil Rifai
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Shadi Houshyar
- Center for Additive Manufacturing School of Engineering RMIT University VIC Australia
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Kate Fox
- Center for Additive Manufacturing School of Engineering RMIT University VIC Australia
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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8
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Stamp MEM, Tong W, Ganesan K, Prawer S, Ibbotson MR, Garrett DJ. 3D Diamond Electrode Array for High-Acuity Stimulation in Neural Tissue. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1544-1552. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie E. M. Stamp
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Tong
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kumaravelu Ganesan
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Prawer
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael R. Ibbotson
- National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - David J. Garrett
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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9
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Tong W, Stamp M, Apollo NV, Ganesan K, Meffin H, Prawer S, Garrett DJ, Ibbotson MR. Improved visual acuity using a retinal implant and an optimized stimulation strategy. J Neural Eng 2019; 17:016018. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab5299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Xu D, Liu M, Zhang Q, Huang Q, Huang H, Tian J, Jiang R, Wen Y, Zhang X, Wei Y. Preparation of water dispersible and biocompatible nanodiamond-poly(amino acid) composites through the ring-opening polymerization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:496-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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Effect of the N/C Ratios of Ammonia Added to Process Gas Mixtures on the Morphology and Structure of MPCVD Diamond Films. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8050163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Rifai A, Tran N, Lau DW, Elbourne A, Zhan H, Stacey AD, Mayes ELH, Sarker A, Ivanova EP, Crawford RJ, Tran PA, Gibson BC, Greentree AD, Pirogova E, Fox K. Polycrystalline Diamond Coating of Additively Manufactured Titanium for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8474-8484. [PMID: 29470044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing using selective laser melted titanium (SLM-Ti) is used to create bespoke items across many diverse fields such as medicine, defense, and aerospace. Despite great progress in orthopedic implant applications, such as for "just in time" implants, significant challenges remain with regards to material osseointegration and the susceptibility to bacterial colonization on the implant. Here, we show that polycrystalline diamond coatings on these titanium samples can enhance biological scaffold interaction improving medical implant applicability. The highly conformable coating exhibited excellent bonding to the substrate. Relative to uncoated SLM-Ti, the diamond coated samples showed enhanced mammalian cell growth, enriched apatite deposition, and reduced microbial S. aureus activity. These results open new opportunities for novel coatings on SLM-Ti devices in general and especially show promise for improved biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hualin Zhan
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Alastair D Stacey
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Edwin L H Mayes
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility (RMMF) , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | | | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Victoria 3122 , Australia
| | | | - Phong A Tran
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology , Kelvin Grove , Queensland 4059 , Australia
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Nistor PA, May PW. Diamond thin films: giving biomedical applications a new shine. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:20170382. [PMID: 28931637 PMCID: PMC5636274 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress made in the last two decades in chemical vapour deposition technology has enabled the production of inexpensive, high-quality coatings made from diamond to become a scientific and commercial reality. Two properties of diamond make it a highly desirable candidate material for biomedical applications: first, it is bioinert, meaning that there is minimal immune response when diamond is implanted into the body, and second, its electrical conductivity can be altered in a controlled manner, from insulating to near-metallic. In vitro, diamond can be used as a substrate upon which a range of biological cells can be cultured. In vivo, diamond thin films have been proposed as coatings for implants and prostheses. Here, we review a large body of data regarding the use of diamond substrates for in vitro cell culture. We also detail more recent work exploring diamond-coated implants with the main targets being bone and neural tissue. We conclude that diamond emerges as one of the major new biomaterials of the twenty-first century that could shape the way medical treatment will be performed, especially when invasive procedures are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Nistor
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - P W May
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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14
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Tasat DR, Bruno ME, Domingo M, Gurman P, Auciello O, Paparella ML, Evelson P, Guglielmotti MB, Olmedo DG. Biokinetics and tissue response to ultrananocrystalline diamond nanoparticles employed as coating for biomedical devices. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2408-2415. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R. Tasat
- School of Science and Technology; National University of San Martin; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marcos E. Bruno
- School of Science and Technology; National University of San Martin; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Mariela Domingo
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Research Fellow of the National Inter-university Council; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pablo Gurman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Texas-Dallas; Richardson Texas United States of America
| | - Orlando Auciello
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Engineering; University of Texas-Dallas; Richardson Texas United States of America
| | - María L. Paparella
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Division; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María B. Guglielmotti
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Daniel G. Olmedo
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
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Tong W, Fox K, Zamani A, Turnley AM, Ganesan K, Ahnood A, Cicione R, Meffin H, Prawer S, Stacey A, Garrett DJ. Optimizing growth and post treatment of diamond for high capacitance neural interfaces. Biomaterials 2016; 104:32-42. [PMID: 27424214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical and biological properties are two crucial criteria in the selection of the materials to be used as electrodes for neural interfaces. For neural stimulation, materials are required to exhibit high capacitance and to form intimate contact with neurons for eliciting effective neural responses at acceptably low voltages. Here we report on a new high capacitance material fabricated using nitrogen included ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD). After exposure to oxygen plasma for 3 h, the activated N-UNCD exhibited extremely high electrochemical capacitance greater than 1 mF/cm(2), which originates from the special hybrid sp(2)/sp(3) structure of N-UNCD. The in vitro biocompatibility of the activated N-UNCD was then assessed using rat cortical neurons and surface roughness was found to be critical for healthy neuron growth, with best results observed on surfaces with a roughness of approximately 20 nm. Therefore, by using oxygen plasma activated N-UNCD with appropriate surface roughness, and considering the chemical and mechanical stability of diamond, the fabricated neural interfaces are expected to exhibit high efficacy, long-term stability and a healthy neuron/electrode interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kate Fox
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Akram Zamani
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ann M Turnley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Arman Ahnood
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rosemary Cicione
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hamish Meffin
- National Vision Research Institute, Department of Optometry and Vision Science University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Prawer
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alastair Stacey
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J Garrett
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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