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Alcala-Orozco CR, Mutreja I, Cui X, Hooper GJ, Lim KS, Woodfield TBF. Hybrid biofabrication of 3D osteoconductive constructs comprising Mg-based nanocomposites and cell-laden bioinks for bone repair. Bone 2022; 154:116198. [PMID: 34534709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches for bone repair have rapidly evolved due to the development of novel biofabrication technologies, providing an opportunity to fabricate anatomically-accurate living implants with precise placement of specific cell types. However, limited availability of biomaterial inks, that can be 3D-printed with high resolution, while providing high structural support and the potential to direct cell differentiation and maturation towards the osteogenic phenotype, remains an ongoing challenge. Aiming towards a multifunctional biomaterial ink with high physical stability and biological functionality, this work describes the development of a nanocomposite biomaterial ink (Mg-PCL) comprising of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (Mg) and polycaprolactone (PCL) thermoplastic for 3D printing of strong and bioactive bone regenerative scaffolds. We characterised the Mg nanoparticle system and systematically investigated the cytotoxic and osteogenic effects of Mg supplementation to human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 2D-cultures. Next, we prepared Mg-PCL biomaterial ink using a solvent casting method, and studied the effect of Mg over mechanical properties, printability and scaffold degradation. Furthermore, we delivered MSCs within Mg-PCL scaffolds using a gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) matrix, and evaluated the effect of Mg over cell viability and osteogenic differentiation. Nanocomposite Mg-PCL could be printed with high fidelity at 20 wt% of Mg content, and generated a mechanical reinforcement between 30%-400% depending on the construct internal geometry. We show that Mg-PCL degrades faster than standard PCL in an accelerated-degradation assay, which has positive implications towards in vivo implant degradation and bone regeneration. Mg-PCL did not affect MSCs viability, but enhanced osteogenic differentiation and bone-specific matrix deposition, as demonstrated by higher ALP/DNA levels and Alizarin Red calcium staining. Finally, we present proof of concept of Mg-PCL being utilised in combination with a bone-specific bioink (Sr-GelMA) in a coordinated-extrusion bioprinting strategy for fabrication of hybrid constructs with high stability and synergistic biological functionality. Mg-PCL further enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated MSCs and supported bone ECM deposition within the bioink component of the hybrid construct, evidenced by mineralised nodule formation, osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen type-I (Col I) expression within the bioink filaments. This study demonstrated that magnesium-based nanocomposite bioink material optimised for extrusion-based 3D printing of bone regenerative scaffolds provide enhanced mechanical stability and bone-related bioactivity with promising potential for skeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar R Alcala-Orozco
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; Light-Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Isha Mutreja
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gary J Hooper
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; Centre of Research Excellence in Medical Technologies (MedTech CoRE), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; Light-Activated Biomaterials (LAB) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; Centre of Research Excellence in Medical Technologies (MedTech CoRE), Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; Centre of Research Excellence in Medical Technologies (MedTech CoRE), Auckland, New Zealand.
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Alcala-Orozco CR, Mutreja I, Cui X, Kumar D, Hooper GJ, Lim KS, Woodfield TB. Design and characterisation of multi-functional strontium-gelatin nanocomposite bioinks with improved print fidelity and osteogenic capacity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2019.e00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Foaming of Polycaprolactone and Its Impregnation with Quercetin Using Supercritical CO 2. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091390. [PMID: 31450780 PMCID: PMC6780592 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Foamed polycaprolactone impregnated with quercetin was carried out with a batch foaming technique using supercritical CO2. The experimental design was developed to study the influence of pressure (15–30 MPa), temperature (308–333 K), and depressurization rate (0.1–20) on the foam structure, melting temperature, and release tests of composites. The characterization of the experiments was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. It was observed that the porosity created in the polymer had a heterogeneous structure, as well as the impregnation of the quercetin during the process. On the other hand, controlled release tests showed a significant delay in the release of quercetin compared to commercial quercetin.
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He W, Fan Y, Li X. [Recent research progress of bioactivity mechanism and application of bone repair materials]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:1107-1115. [PMID: 30129343 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201807039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Large bone defect repair is a difficult problem to be solved urgently in orthopaedic field, and the application of bone repair materials is a feasible method to solve this problem. Therefore, bone repair materials have been continuously developed, and have evolved from autogenous bone grafts, allograft bone grafts, and inert materials to highly active and multifunctional bone tissue engineering scaffold materials. In this paper, the related mechanism of bone repair materials, the application of bone repair materials, and the exploration of new bone repair materials are introduced to present the research status and advance of the bone repair materials, and the development direction is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P.R.China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P.R.China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P.R.China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083,
| | - Xiaoming Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P.R.China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083,
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Rodríguez-Méndez I, Fernández-Gutiérrez M, Rodríguez-Navarrete A, Rosales-Ibáñez R, Benito-Garzón L, Vázquez-Lasa B, San Román J. Bioactive Sr(II)/Chitosan/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds for Craniofacial Tissue Regeneration. In Vitro and In Vivo Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E279. [PMID: 30966314 PMCID: PMC6415099 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In craniofacial tissue regeneration, the current gold standard treatment is autologous bone grafting, however, it presents some disadvantages. Although new alternatives have emerged there is still an urgent demand of biodegradable scaffolds to act as extracellular matrix in the regeneration process. A potentially useful element in bone regeneration is strontium. It is known to promote stimulation of osteoblasts while inhibiting osteoclasts resorption, leading to neoformed bone. The present paper reports the preparation and characterization of strontium (Sr) containing hybrid scaffolds formed by a matrix of ionically cross-linked chitosan and microparticles of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). These scaffolds of relatively facile fabrication were seeded with osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) for application in craniofacial tissue regeneration. Membrane scaffolds were prepared using chitosan:PCL ratios of 1:2 and 1:1 and 5 wt % Sr salts. Characterization was performed addressing physico-chemical properties, swelling behavior, in vitro biological performance and in vivo biocompatibility. Overall, the composition, microstructure and swelling degree (≈245%) of scaffolds combine with the adequate dimensional stability, lack of toxicity, osteogenic activity in MG-63 cells and hBMSCs, along with the in vivo biocompatibility in rats allow considering this system as a promising biomaterial for the treatment of craniofacial tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzia Rodríguez-Méndez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi 6, Salvador Nava Martínez, 78210 San Luis, S.L.P., Mexico.
| | - Mar Fernández-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER, Carlos III Health Institute, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amairany Rodríguez-Navarrete
- Faculty of Higher Studies, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Chalma s/n Col. La Pastora, Cuautepec Barrio Bajo. Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07160, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Rosales-Ibáñez
- Faculty of Higher Studies, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Chalma s/n Col. La Pastora, Cuautepec Barrio Bajo. Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07160, Mexico.
| | - Lorena Benito-Garzón
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, C/Alfonso X el Sabio, s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER, Carlos III Health Institute, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio San Román
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER, Carlos III Health Institute, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Malikmammadov E, Tanir TE, Kiziltay A, Hasirci V, Hasirci N. PCL and PCL-based materials in biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 29:863-893. [PMID: 29053081 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1394711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have met with an increasing demand in medical usage over the last decades. One of such polymers is poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), which is a polyester that has been widely used in tissue engineering field for its availability, relatively inexpensive price and suitability for modification. Its chemical and biological properties, physicochemical state, degradability and mechanical strength can be adjusted, and therefore, it can be used under harsh mechanical, physical and chemical conditions without significant loss of its properties. Degradation time of PCL is quite long, thus it is used mainly in the replacement of hard tissues in the body where healing also takes an extended period of time. It is also used at load-bearing tissues of the body by enhancing its stiffness. However, due to its tailorability, use of PCL is not restricted to one type of tissue and it can be extended to engineering of soft tissues by decreasing its molecular weight and degradation time. This review outlines the basic properties of PCL, its composites, blends and copolymers. We report on various techniques for the production of different forms, and provide examples of medical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery systems covering the studies performed in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elbay Malikmammadov
- a BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey.,b Graduate Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Tugba Endogan Tanir
- a BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey.,c Central Laboratory , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Aysel Kiziltay
- a BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey.,c Central Laboratory , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- a BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey.,b Graduate Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey.,d Department of Biological Sciences , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nesrin Hasirci
- a BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey.,b Graduate Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey.,e Department of Chemistry , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
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Gómez-Lizárraga KK, Flores-Morales C, Del Prado-Audelo ML, Álvarez-Pérez MA, Piña-Barba MC, Escobedo C. Polycaprolactone- and polycaprolactone/ceramic-based 3D-bioplotted porous scaffolds for bone regeneration: A comparative study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [PMID: 28629025 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the critical challenges that scaffolding faces in the organ and tissue regeneration field lies in mimicking the structure, and the chemical and biological properties of natural tissue. A high-level control over the architecture, mechanical properties and composition of the materials in contact with cells is essential to overcome such challenge. Therefore, definition of the method, materials and parameters for the production of scaffolds during the fabrication stage is critical. With the recent emergence of rapid prototyping (RP), it is now possible to create three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with the essential characteristics for the proliferation and regeneration of tissues, such as porosity, mechanical strength, pore size and pore interconnectivity, and biocompatibility. In this study, we employed 3D bioplotting, a RP technology, to fabricate scaffolds made from (i) pure polycaprolactone (PCL) and (ii) a composite based on PCL and ceramic micro-powder. The ceramics used for the composite were bovine bone filling Nukbone® (NKB), and hydroxyapatite (HA) with 5%, 10% or 20% wt. CONTENT The scaffolds were fabricated in a cellular lattice structure (i.e. meshing mode) using a 0/90° lay down pattern with a continuous contour filament in order to achieve interconnected porous reticular structures. We varied the temperature, as well as injection speed and pressure during the bioplotting process to achieve scaffolds with pore size ranging between 200 and 400μm and adequate mechanical stability. The resulting scaffolds had an average pore size of 323μm and an average porosity of 32%. Characterization through ATR-FTIR revealed the presence of the characteristic bands of hydroxyapatite in the PCL matrix, and presented an increase of the intensity of the phosphate and carbonyl bands as the ceramic content increased. The bioplotted 3D scaffolds have a Young's modulus (E) in the range between 0.121 and 0.171GPa, which is compatible with the modulus of natural bone. PCL/NKB scaffolds, particularly 10NKBP (10% NKB wt.) exhibited the highest proliferation optical density, demonstrating an evident osteoconductive effect when cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed osteoblast anchorage to all composite scaffolds, but a low adhesion to the all-PCL scaffold, as well as cell proliferation. The results from this study demonstrate the potential of PCL/NKB 3D bioplotted scaffolds as viable platforms to enable osseous tissue formation, which can be used in several tissue engineering applications, including improvement of bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Gómez-Lizárraga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - C Flores-Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - M L Del Prado-Audelo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - M A Álvarez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - M C Piña-Barba
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| | - C Escobedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, 19 Division St., Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Porous ceramic biomaterials structures are accepted components in applied research in the field of tissue engineering due to their mechanical properties being closer to structural tissue like bone or other properties related to improved biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE Hollow-strut, silica enriched zirconia foams were made by replication of polyurethane via impregnation with a suspension of zirconia-particles in polysiloxane. METHODS Two-step heat treatment allowed conversion of the precursor structures into hollow-strut ceramic foams which were tested for their biocompatibility using an osteoblast cell line. Further, the material was characterized via different spectroscopic (Raman-spectroscopy, EDX) and imaging (SEM, μCT) methods. RESULTS The material shows open cell porosity with hollow struts and sufficient structural integrity for handling and an expected chemistry as investigated by Raman and EDX spectroscopy. The material further supported cell growth and overall good biocompatibility. CONCLUSIONS The investigated composite foam shows promising properties and is potentially interesting as candidate material for future bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Zehbe
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerstin Zehbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Carbon dioxide-assisted bioassembly of cell-loaded scaffolds from polymeric porous microspheres. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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