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Ferreira I, Lopes C, Ferreira A, Braga AC, Vaz F, Pina-Vaz I, Martin-Biedma B. Nanostructured ZnO thin film to enhance gutta-percha's adhesion to endodontic sealers. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:753. [PMID: 38951790 PMCID: PMC11218323 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gutta-percha (GP) combined with an endodontic sealer is still the core material most widely used for tridimensional obturation. The sealer acts as a bonding agent between the GP and the root dentinal walls. However, one of the main drawbacks of GP core material is the lack of adhesiveness to the sealer. ZnO thin films have many remarkable features due to their considerable bond strength, good optical quality, and excellent piezoelectric, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, offering many potential applications in various fields. This study aimed to explore the influence of GP surface's functionalization with a nanostructured ZnO thin film on its adhesiveness to endodontic sealers. METHODS Conventional GP samples were divided randomly into three groups: (a) Untreated GP (control); (b) GP treated with argon plasma (PT); (c) Functionalized GP (PT followed by ZnO thin film deposition). GP's surface functionalization encompassed a multi-step process. First, a low-pressure argon PT was applied to modify the GP surface, followed by a ZnO thin film deposition via magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology was assessed using SEM and water contact angle analysis. Further comprehensive testing included tensile bond strength assessment evaluating Endoresin and AH Plus Bioceramic sealers' adhesion to GP. ANOVA procedures were used for data statistical analysis. RESULTS The ZnO thin film reproduced the underlying surface topography produced by PT. ZnO thin film deposition decreased the water contact angle compared to the control (p < 0.001). Endoresin showed a statistically higher mean bond strength value than AH Plus Bioceramic (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the control and the ZnO-functionalized GP (p = 0.006), with the latter presenting the highest mean bond strength value. CONCLUSIONS The deposition of a nanostructured ZnO thin film on GP surface induced a shift towards hydrophilicity and an increased GP's adhesion to Endoresin and AH Bioceramic sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Ferreira
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CINTESIS, R&D Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Lopes
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Armando Ferreira
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Braga
- Department of Production and Systems, ALGORITMI Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe Vaz
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LaPMET-Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Irene Pina-Vaz
- CINTESIS, R&D Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Benjamin Martin-Biedma
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ferreira I, Lopes C, Rodrigues MS, Rodrigues PV, Castro C, Braga AC, Lopes M, Vaz F, Pina-Vaz I, Martín-Biedma B. Functionalization of gutta-percha surfaces with argon and oxygen plasma treatments to enhance adhesiveness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12303. [PMID: 37516768 PMCID: PMC10387088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gutta-percha's lack of adhesion has been presented as a drawback to avoid gaps at sealer/gutta-percha interface. Plasma treatments have been scarcely assessed on gutta-percha surfaces as a method of enhancing adhesiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-pressure Argon and Oxygen plasma atmospheres on conventional and bioceramic gutta-percha standardized smooth discs, assessing their roughness, surface free energy, chemical structure, and sealer wettability. A Low-Pressure Plasma Cleaner by Diener Electronic (Zepto Model) was used. Different gases (Argon or Oxygen), powers (25 W, or 50 W), and exposure times (30 s, 60 s, 120 s, or 180 s) were tested in control and experimental groups. Kruskal-Wallis and Student's t-test were used in data analysis. Statistically significant differences were detected when P < 0.05. Both gases showed different behaviors according to the parameters selected. Even though chemical changes were detected, the basic molecular structure was maintained. Argon or Oxygen plasma treatments favoured the wetting of conventional and bioceramic gutta-perchas by Endoresin and AH Plus Bioceramic sealers (P < 0.001). Overall, the functionalization of gutta-percha surfaces with Argon or Oxygen plasma treatments can increase roughness, surface free energy and wettability, which might improve its adhesive properties when compared to non-treated gutta-percha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Ferreira
- CINTESIS Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cláudia Lopes
- Centre of Physics (CFUM), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marco S Rodrigues
- Centre of Physics (CFUM), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Rodrigues
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cidália Castro
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Braga
- Department of Production and Systems, ALGORITMI Center, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Lopes
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Vaz
- Centre of Physics (CFUM), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Irene Pina-Vaz
- Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Benjamin Martín-Biedma
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Garlapati R, Gali PK, Bolla N, Guptha Anila BS, Vemuri S, Naidu BP. A confocal laser scanning microscopic evaluation of nonthermal atmospheric plasma on the dentinal tubule penetration of bioceramic and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. J Conserv Dent 2023; 26:265-270. [PMID: 37398866 PMCID: PMC10309127 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_22_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the current study assessed the impact of nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) on the dentinal tubule penetration of bioceramic and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers (CLSM). Materials and Methods Forty human mandibular premolar teeth with a single root that had just undergone extraction were chosen and biomechanical preparation of root canals was done with ProTaper Gold rotary Nickel-titanium instruments. Samples were divided into four groups (n = 10). Group 1: Bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS); Group 2: Epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) without application of NTAP; Group 3: Bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS); and Group 4: Epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) with the application of NTAP for 30 s. In Groups 3 and 4, all of the samples underwent obturation with the appropriate sealers following NTAP application. For determination of the sealer's dentinal tubule penetration values, slices with a thickness of 2 mm were taken from the middle third of sample's root and examined using CLSM. The acquired data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and the Post hoc Tukey's test. The cutoff for statistical significance was P < 0.05. Results In comparison to other groups, the maximum sealer penetration values into dentinal tubules were significantly higher in Group 3 for Bioceramic sealer with NTAP application and Group 4 for Epoxy resin-based sealer with NTAP application. Conclusion NTAP application increased the dentinal tubule penetration of bioceramic and epoxy resin-based sealers in comparison to groups without NTAP application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopadevi Garlapati
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Gali
- Clinical Practitioner, Suraksha Dental Clinic, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nagesh Bolla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sayesh Vemuri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bandaru Pydiah Naidu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Zhou W, Wang X, Li Z, Zhao H, Weir MD, Cheng L, Xu HHK, Huang X. Novel dual-functional implants via oxygen non-thermal plasma and quaternary ammonium to promote osteogenesis and combat infections. Dent Mater 2021; 38:169-182. [PMID: 34924200 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implant-related infections are a primary reason for implant failures that affect millions of patients. It is of paramount importance to develop novel implants that possess the dual functions of osteogenesis-promotion and antibacterial activity. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop novel dual-functional titanium (Ti) implants by combining oxygen non-thermal plasma and covalent bonding of antibacterial organosilicon quaternary ammonium monomers; (2) investigate the physicochemical properties, bioactivity and antibacterial effects of the modified implants for the first time. METHODS Surface characteristics of the modified Ti surfaces were tested. Adherence and viability of rat bone marrow-derived stem cells (rBMSCs) on the surface were evaluated. Metabolic activity of biofilm on the surfaces were measured. The stability of the dual-function after 5000 thermal cycles was also evaluated. RESULTS The presence of chemical bonding between Ti and organosilicon monomers demonstrated covalent immobilization of the antibacterial agents. The water contact angle of the treated Ti surfaces decreased from 70.98 ± 3.68° to 59.86 ± 4.91°. The adhesion and proliferation of rBMSCs on the modified Ti were increased by 40%, compared to control group (P < 0.05). The metabolic level of biofilms on modified Ti were reduced by more than half, compared to control (P < 0.05). The modified Ti implants exhibited cell-promotion and antibacterial stability after thermal cycles. SIGNIFICANCE The new dual-functional Ti implant is promising to promote osteogenesis while simultaneously preventing infections. Furthermore, the novel surface modification and processing methods have applicability to enhancing a wide range of other implants to improve bioactivity and combat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Postdoctoral workstation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Postdoctoral workstation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Postdoctoral workstation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Postdoctoral workstation & Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Wei X, Peng P, Peng F, Dong J. Natural Polymer Eucommia Ulmoides Rubber: A Novel Material. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3797-3821. [PMID: 33761246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the second natural rubber resource, Eucommia ulmoides rubber (EUR) from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is mainly composed of trans-1,4-polyisoprene, which is the isomer of natural rubber cis-1,4-polyisoprene from Hevea brasiliensis. In the past few years, the great potential application of EUR has received increasing attention, and there is a growing awareness that the natural polymer EUR could become an emerging research topic in field of the novel materials due to its unique and excellent duality of both rubber and plastic. To gain insight into its further development, in this review, the extraction, structure, physicochemical properties, and modification of EUR are discussed in detail. More emphasis on the potential applications in the fields of the environment, agriculture, engineering, and biomedical engineering is summarized. Finally, some insights into the challenges and perspectives of EUR are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingneng Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pai Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Feng Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juane Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Graphene nanoplatelets embedded polymer: An efficient endodontic material for root canal therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111864. [PMID: 33579494 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The design and preparation of clinically relevant endodontic obturating material for root canal therapy is a great challenge. For the first time, we report a new polymer nanocomposite which was prepared by using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of methacrylic acid and methylene glycol dimethacrylate. The polymer was embedded with reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets (rGO). These graphene nanoplatelets were embedded in the polymers (GNPs) have shown the tensile strength (27--36%) and the elongation at break 2.1 - 3.1% is quite similar to the commercial gutta percha (GP-C). Atomic force micrograph provided interesting information related to scattering of rGO flakes in GNPs and the surface of GNP contains crystalline spikes of height varied between 0.95 and 1.26 μm. These spikes improved the adhesion of GNPs to bio-interface. The GNPs were 95% more effective in inhibiting bacterial colonization without disturbing the nearby cell integrity compared to commercial GP. It was found that the GNPs after incubation of 24 h at 37 °C, the radius of the inhibition zone was 6.8 mm and 4.3 mm for E.coli and S. aureus, respectively indicating better effective antibacterial activity than the GP-C. This work offers biocompatible, better adhesive and antibacterial endodontic obturating material for future root canal therapy.
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Wang L, Liu Y, Peng X, Sun Y, Liu X, Liu H, Lin Q, Sun H, Yang B, Li X. Preparation and Characterization of CaO/ZnO Core-shell Structured Nanoparticles. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-9029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vishwanath V, Rao HM. Gutta-percha in endodontics - A comprehensive review of material science. J Conserv Dent 2019; 22:216-222. [PMID: 31367101 PMCID: PMC6632621 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_420_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete and three-dimensional fluid tight seal of the root canal system is the final component of the endodontic triad. The long-standing and closest material which has fulfilled this criterion is gutta-percha (GP). Several materials have been tried and tested as an endodontic filling material, of which GP has been most extensively used for years and has established itself as a gold standard. In addition, it has proved itself successful with different techniques of obturation while maintaining its basic requisites. This article deals briefly with the history and evolution of GP, source, chemical composition, manufacturing, disinfection, cross-reactivity, and advancements in the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijetha Vishwanath
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D. A. Pandu Memorial RV Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H Murali Rao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D. A. Pandu Memorial RV Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Gunes B, Yeter KY, Terlemez A, Seker B, Altay Y. Dentinal tubule penetration of endodontic sealers after nonthermal plasma treatment: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:903-908. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Gunes
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of EndodonticsEskisehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Kubra Y. Yeter
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of EndodonticsEskisehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Arslan Terlemez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of EndodonticsNecmettin Erbakan University Konya Turkey
| | - Basak Seker
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of PeriodontologyEskisehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Yasin Altay
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science Biometry and GeneticEskisehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Turkey
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Antibacterial effect and biocompatibility of a novel nanostructured ZnO-coated gutta-percha cone for improved endodontic treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:840-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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