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Lian J, Wang Z. Impact Response of Re-Entrant Hierarchical Honeycomb. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7121. [PMID: 38005051 PMCID: PMC10671971 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, hexagonal and triangular lattices are layered and merged into a re-entrant honeycomb to replace each cell wall of the re-entrant honeycomb. In order to study the crushing behavior of the new variable-angle-variable-substructure-number-gradient honeycomb, a finite element analysis of in-plane and out-of-plane crushing was carried out. The effects of different gradient parameters on the deformation mode and extrusion response were discussed, respectively. The results show that different grading parameters have different effects on the crushing behavior of honeycombs for in-plane and out-of-plane crushing. Compared with out-of-plane crushing, the influence of the hierarchical structure on the in-plane crushing deformation mode and the increase in platform stress are much larger. Compared with the ordinary honeycombs, changing the substructure angle does not necessarily improve the platform stress of the honeycomb. From the perspective of platform stress, the layered structure has different effects on the improvement of honeycomb energy absorption; the maximum platform stress of the honeycomb is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Lian
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhenqing Wang
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
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Nazir A, Arshad AB, Lin SC, Jeng JY. Mechanical Performance of Lightweight-Designed Honeycomb Structures Fabricated Using Multijet Fusion Additive Manufacturing Technology. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2022; 9:311-325. [PMID: 36660228 PMCID: PMC9831553 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular structures including three-dimensional lattices and two-dimensional honeycombs have significant benefits in achieving optimal mechanical performance with light weighting. Recently developed design techniques integrated with additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have enhanced the possibility of fabricating intricate geometries such as honeycomb structures. Generally, failure initiates from the sharp edges in honeycomb structures, which leads to a reduction in stiffness and energy absorption performance. By material quantity, these hinges account for a large amount of material in cells. Therefore, redesigning of honeycomb structures is needed, which can improve aforementioned characteristics. However, this increases the design complexity of honeycombs, such that novel manufacturing techniques such as AM has to be employed. This research attempts to investigate the optimal material distribution of three different topologies of honeycomb structures (hexagonal, triangular, and square) with nine different design configurations. To achieve this, higher amount of material was distributed at nodes in the form of fillets while keeping overall weight of the structure constant. Furthermore, these design configurations were analyzed in terms of stiffness, energy absorption, and the failure behavior by performing finite element analysis and experimental tests on the samples manufactured using Multijet fusion AM technology. It was found that adding material to the edges can improve the mechanical properties of honeycombs such as stiffness and energy absorption efficiency. Furthermore, the failure mechanism is changed due to redistribution of material in the structure. The design configurations without fillets suffer from brittle failure at the start of the plastic deformation, whereas the configurations with increased material proportion at the nodes have larger plastic deformation zones, which improves the energy absorption efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Nazir
- High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, SAR, China
| | - Ahmad Bin Arshad
- High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shang-Chih Lin
- High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jeng-Ywan Jeng
- High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- President Office, LungHwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Neubauer M, Dannemann M, Herzer N, Schwarz B, Modler N. Analysis of a Film Forming Process through Coupled Image Correlation and Infrared Thermography. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1231. [PMID: 35335561 PMCID: PMC8949874 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the dependence of the material and process parameters of the bending process of thermoplastic films. In this context, parameter combinations leading to high resulting forming ratios were identified. To measure the relevant parameters within the hot bending process, a coupled evaluation of infrared thermography (IRT) and deformation measurement using digital image correlation (DIC) was performed. The coupled measurement enables the identification of the actual mechanically stressed bending area of the film as a result of the bending process. This allows for the specification of the local forming temperatures required for the desired forming ratios. Furthermore, the mechanical and thermal strain along the defined measuring sections and their deviation in individual tests as well as the effect of thermal strain on process control on a larger scale were determined. Based on the results, a process window was defined for the film materials investigated, which will serve as a starting point for future efforts to develop a continuous manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Neubauer
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, Holbeinstraße 3, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.D.); (N.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Martin Dannemann
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, Holbeinstraße 3, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.D.); (N.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Niklas Herzer
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, Holbeinstraße 3, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.D.); (N.H.); (N.M.)
| | | | - Niels Modler
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, Holbeinstraße 3, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.D.); (N.H.); (N.M.)
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Ferràs-Tarragó J, Sabalza-Baztán O, Sahuquillo-Arce JM, Angulo-Sánchez MÁ, Amaya-Valero J, De-La-Calva Ceinos C, Baixauli-García F. Security of 3D-printed polylactide acid piece sterilization in the operating room: a sterility test. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 48:3895-3900. [PMID: 33452547 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 3D-printing technology has become very popular the last 10 years, and their advantages have been widely proved. However, its safety in the operating room after sterilization has not been evaluated. Thus, the use of 3D printing is still questioned. The aim of this work is to evaluate the security of polylactic acid (PLA) to print surgical models after its sterilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and eighty-six PLA plates and 6 negative controls without microorganisms were seeded. After 10 days of culture, the PLA plates were randomized into three groups: A, B, and C. Group A underwent a sterilization process using an autoclave program at 134 °C. Group B was seeded in different culture media and group C was used to make crystal violet stains on the biofilms formed on the PLA. Mechanical properties of PLA after autoclave sterilization including, the breaking load, deformation and breaking load per surface were calculated. RESULTS Hundred percent of the group B showed monomicrobial growth. Stains performed on group C PLA showed biofilms in all PLA pieces. After sterilization, no pathogen growth was observed in group A during the culture observation period showing 100% sterilization effectiveness. A filling percentage of 5% obtained a breaking load of 6.36 MPa, and its elastic limit occurred after an elongation of 167.4%. A 10% infill was mechanically safe. CONCLUSIONS Autoclave sterilization of PLA-printed pieces is safe for the patient and mechanically strong for the surgeon. This is the first 3D-printing protocol described and evaluated to implement 3D-printing technology safely in the operating room. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This is the first 3D-printing protocol described to print and sterilize 3D biomodels using an autoclave showing its biological safety and its mechanical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Ferràs-Tarragó
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. Hospital La Fe, Av Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Jose Amaya-Valero
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. Hospital La Fe, Av Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Baixauli-García
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. Hospital La Fe, Av Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Additively manufactured (AM, =3D printed) porous metallic biomaterials with topologically ordered unit cells have created a lot of excitement and are currently receiving a lot of attention given their great potential for improving bone tissue regeneration and preventing implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering
- Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)
- Delft
- The Netherlands
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Zhang XM, Huang Y, Zhang K, Qu LH, Cong X, Su JZ, Wu LL, Yu GY, Zhang Y. Expression patterns of tight junction proteins in porcine major salivary glands: a comparison study with human and murine glands. J Anat 2018; 233:167-176. [PMID: 29851087 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins play a dynamic role in paracellular fluid transport in salivary gland epithelia. Most TJ studies are carried out in mice and rats. However, the morphology of rodent salivary glands differs from that of human glands. This study aimed to compare the histological features and the expression pattern of TJ proteins in porcine salivary glands with those of human and mouse. The results showed that porcine parotid glands were pure serous glands. Submandibular glands (SMGs) were serous acinar cell-predominated mixed glands, whereas sublingual glands were mucous acinar cell-predominated. Human SMGs were mixed glands containing fewer mucous cells than porcine SMGs, whereas the acinar cells of murine SMGs are seromucous. The histological features of the duct system in the porcine and human SMGs were similar and included intercalated, striated and excretory ducts, but the murine SMG contained a specific structure, the granular convoluted tubule. TJ proteins, including claudin-1 to claudin-12, occludin and zonula occludin-1 (ZO-1), were detected in the porcine major salivary glands and human SMGs by RT-PCR; however, claudin-6, claudin-9 and claudin-11 were not detected in the murine SMG. As shown by immunofluorescence, claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, occludin and ZO-1 were distributed in both acinar and ductal cells in the porcine and human SMGs, whereas claudin-1 and claudin-3 were mainly present in acinar cells, and claudin-4 was mainly distributed in ductal cells in the murine SMG. In addition, 3D images showed that the TJ proteins arranged in a honeycomb-like structure on the luminal surface of the ducts, whereas their arrangements in acini were irregular in porcine SMGs. In summary, the expression pattern of TJ proteins in salivary glands is similar between human and miniature pig, which may be a candidate animal for studies on salivary gland TJ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Zhang
- Center for Salivary Gland Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Center for Salivary Gland Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Han Qu
- Center for Salivary Gland Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Zeng Su
- Center for Salivary Gland Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Center for Salivary Gland Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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