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Effects of Mullite, Maghemite, and Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated in β-Wollastonite on Tensile Strength, Magnetism, Bioactivity, and Antimicrobial Activity. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164643. [PMID: 34443166 PMCID: PMC8401836 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
β-wollastonite (βW) has sparked much interest in bone defect recovery and regeneration. Biomaterial-associated infections and reactions between implants with human cells have become a standard clinical concern. In this study, a green synthesized βW, synthesized from rice husk ash and a calcined limestone precursor, was incorporated with mullite, maghemite, and silver to produce β wollastonite composite (βWMAF) to enhance the tensile strength and antibacterial properties. The addition of mullite to the βWMAF increased the tensile strength compared to βW. In vitro bioactivity, antibacterial efficacy, and physicochemical properties of the β-wollastonite and βWMAF were characterized. βW and βWMAF samples formed apatite spherules when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 day. In conclusion, βWMAF, according to the tensile strength, bioactivity, and antibacterial activity, was observed in this research and appropriate for the reconstruction of cancellous bone defects.
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Porous Zirconia/Magnesia Ceramics Support Osteogenic Potential In Vitro. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14041049. [PMID: 33672374 PMCID: PMC7926502 DOI: 10.3390/ma14041049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Porous zirconia (ZrO2), magnesia (MgO) and zirconia/magnesia (ZrO2/MgO) ceramics were synthesised by sintering and designated as ZrO2(100), ZrO2(75)MgO(25), ZrO2(50)MgO(50), ZrO2(25)MgO(75), MgO(100) based on their composition. The ceramic samples were characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry to explore the incorporation of Mg atoms into the zirconia lattice. The resulting porosity of the samples was calculated based on the composition and density. The final porosity of the cylinder-shaped ceramic samples ranged between 30 and 37%. The mechanical analysis exhibited that the Young modulus increased and the microstress decreased with increasing magnesia amount, with values ranging from 175 GPa for zirconia to 301 GPa for magnesia. The adhesion, viability, proliferation and osteogenic activity of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells cultured on the zirconia/magnesia ceramics was found to increase, with the magnesia-containing ceramics exhibiting higher values of calcium mineralisation. The results from the mechanical analysis, the ALP activity, the calcium and collagen production demonstrate that the zirconia/magnesia ceramics possess robust osteoinductive capacity, therefore holding great potential for bone tissue engineering.
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Schünemann FH, Galárraga-Vinueza ME, Magini R, Fredel M, Silva F, Souza JCM, Zhang Y, Henriques B. Zirconia surface modifications for implant dentistry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:1294-1305. [PMID: 30813009 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zirconia has emerged as a versatile dental material due to its excellent aesthetic outcomes such as color and opacity, unique mechanical properties that can mimic the appearance of natural teeth and decrease peri-implant inflammatory reactions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to critically explore the state of art of zirconia surface treatment to enhance the biological and osseointegration behavior of zirconia in implant dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search in PubMed database was carried out until May 2018 using the following combination of key words and MeSH terms without time periods: "zirconia surface treatment" or "zirconia surface modification" or "zirconia coating" and "osseointegration" or "biological properties" or "bioactivity" or "functionally graded properties". RESULTS Previous studies have reported the influence of zirconia-based implant surface on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast and fibroblasts at the implant to bone interface during the osseointegration process. A large number of physicochemical methods have been used to change the implant surfaces and therefore to improve the early and late bone-to-implant integration, namely: acid etching, gritblasting, laser treatment, UV light, CVD, and PVD. The development of coatings composed of silica, magnesium, graphene, dopamine, and bioactive molecules has been assessed although the development of a functionally graded material for implants has shown encouraging mechanical and biological behavior. CONCLUSION Modified zirconia surfaces clearly demonstrate faster osseointegration than that on untreated surfaces. However, there is no consensus regarding the surface treatment and consequent morphological aspects of the surfaces to enhance osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda H Schünemann
- School of Dentistry (DODT), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - María E Galárraga-Vinueza
- School of Dentistry (DODT), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Magini
- School of Dentistry (DODT), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcio Fredel
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Filipe Silva
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, NYU, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
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