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Dhania S, Bernela M, Rani R, Parsad M, Grewal S, Kumari S, Thakur R. Scaffolds the backbone of tissue engineering: Advancements in use of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:243-259. [PMID: 35278518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our body is built to heal from inside out naturally but wide-ranging medical conditions necessitate the need for artificial assistance, and therefore, something that can assist the body to heal wounds and damaged tissues quickly and efficiently is of utmost importance. Tissue engineering technology helps to regenerate new tissue to replace the diseased or injured one. The technology uses biodegradable porous three-dimensional scaffolds for mimicking the structure and functions of the natural extracellular matrix. The material and design of scaffolds are critical areas of biomaterial research. Biomaterial-based three-dimensional structures have been the most promising material to serve as scaffolds for seeding cells, both in vivo and in vitro. One such material is polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) which are thermoplastic biopolyesters that are highly suitable for this purpose due to their enhanced biocompatibility, biodegradability, thermo-processability, diverse mechanical properties, non-toxicity and natural origin. Moreover, they have tremendous possibilities of customization through biological physical and chemical modification as well as blending with other materials. They are being used for several tissue engineering applications such as bone graft substitute, cardiovascular patches, stents, for nerve repair and in implantology as valves and sutures. The present review overviews usage of a multitude of PHA-based biomaterials for a wide range of tissue engineering applications, based on their properties suitable for the specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunena Dhania
- Department of Bio & Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Manju Bernela
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ruma Rani
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Minakshi Parsad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LUVAS, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Department of Bio & Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Santosh Kumari
- Department of Bio & Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Thakur
- Department of Bio & Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
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Lim J, You M, Li J, Li Z. Emerging bone tissue engineering via Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [PMID: 28629097 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of biodegradable polymers derived from microorganisms. On top of their biodegradability and biocompatibility, different PHA types can contribute to varying mechanical and chemical properties. This has led to increasing attention to the use of PHAs in numerous biomedical applications over the past few decades. Bone tissue engineering refers to the regeneration of new bone through providing mechanical support while inducing cell growth on the PHA scaffolds having a porous structure for tissue regeneration. This review first introduces the various properties PHA scaffold that make them suitable for bone tissue engineering such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties as well as vascularization. The typical fabrication techniques of PHA scaffolds including electrospinning, salt-leaching and solution casting are further discussed, followed by the relatively new technology of using 3D printing in PHA scaffold fabrication. Finally, the recent progress of using different types of PHAs scaffold in bone tissue engineering applications are summarized in intrinsic PHA/blends forms or as composites with other polymeric or inorganic hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Lim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Mingliang You
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 medical drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Jian Li
- Center for translational medicine research and development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
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Jahnavi S, Arthi N, Pallavi S, Selvaraju C, Bhuvaneshwar GS, Kumary TV, Verma RS. Nanosecond laser ablation enhances cellular infiltration in a hybrid tissue scaffold. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:190-201. [PMID: 28532021 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid tissue engineered (HTE) scaffolds constituting polymeric nanofibers and biological tissues have attractive bio-mechanical properties. However, they suffer from small pore size due to dense overlapping nanofibers resulting in poor cellular infiltration. In this study, using nanosecond (ns) laser, we fabricated micro-scale features on Polycaprolactone (PCL)-Chitosan (CH) nanofiber layered bovine pericardium based Bio-Hybrid scaffold to achieve enhanced cellular adhesion and infiltration. The laser energy parameters such as fluence of 25J/cm2, 0.1mm instep and 15 mark time were optimized to get structured microchannels on the Bio-Hybrid scaffolds. Laser irradiation time of 40μs along with these parameters resulted in microchannel width of ~50μm and spacing of ~35μm between adjacent lines. The biochemical, thermal, hydrophilic and uniaxial mechanical properties of the Bio-Hybrid scaffolds remained comparable after laser ablation reflecting extracellular matrix (ECM) stability. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and mouse cardiac fibroblasts seeded on these laser-ablated Bio-Hybrid scaffolds exhibited biocompatibility and increased cellular adhesion in microchannels when compared to non-ablated Bio-Hybrid scaffolds. These findings suggest the feasibility to selectively ablate polymer layer in the HTE scaffolds without affecting their bio-mechanical properties and also describe a new approach to enhance cellular infiltration in the HTE scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jahnavi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India; Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - N Arthi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - S Pallavi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - C Selvaraju
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, Sekkizhar Campus, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - G S Bhuvaneshwar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - T V Kumary
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, Kerala 695012, India
| | - R S Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India.
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