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Pańtak P, Czechowska JP, Zima A. The influence of silane coupling agents on the properties of α-TCP-based ceramic bone substitutes for orthopaedic applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34020-34031. [PMID: 38020001 PMCID: PMC10663883 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials based on α-TCP are highly recommended for medical applications due to their ability to bond chemically with bone tissue. However, in order to improve their physicochemical properties, modifications are needed. In this work, novel, hybrid α-TCP-based bone cements were developed and examinated. The influence of two different silane coupling agents (SCAs) - tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) on the properties of the final materials was investigated. Application of modifiers allowed us to obtain hybrid materials due to the presence of different bonds in their structure, for example between calcium phosphates and SCA molecules. The use of SCAs increased the compressive strength of the bone cements from 7.24 ± 0.35 MPa to 12.17 ± 0.48 MPa. Moreover, modification impacted the final setting time of the cements, reducing it from 11.0 to 6.5 minutes. The developed materials displayed bioactive potential in simulated body fluid. Presented findings demonstrate the beneficial influence of silane coupling agents on the properties of calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes and pave the way for their further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pańtak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology Mickiewicza Av. 30 30-058 Kraków Poland
| | - Joanna P Czechowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology Mickiewicza Av. 30 30-058 Kraków Poland
| | - Aneta Zima
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology Mickiewicza Av. 30 30-058 Kraków Poland
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Sinulingga K, Sirait M, Siregar N, Abdullah H. Synthesis and characterizations of natural limestone-derived nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp): a comparison study of different metals doped HAps on antibacterial activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15896-15904. [PMID: 35481166 PMCID: PMC9030672 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Earth-abundant mineral limestone obtained from North Sumatera, Indonesia, has been utilized to synthesize nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp). Although HAp is biocompatible to the human bone, its antibacterial activity is still very low. Herein, different metal ions (i.e., Ag, Cu, Zn, and Mg) were doped into HAp to improve the antibacterial activity. The as-synthesized HAp was characterized by X-ray ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The antibacterial test showed that the performance of HAp to inactivate bacterial growth was significantly improved after incorporating the metal ion dopants into HAp. Ag-HAp exhibited the highest activity toward E. coli and S. aureus with an antibacterial rate of 99.9 ± 0.1%, followed by Zn-HAp, Cu-HAp, and Mg-HAp. Antibacterial activities of different metal ion doped HAp towards (a) E. coli and (b) S. aureus bacteria.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Karya Sinulingga
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan 20221 Indonesia
| | - Makmur Sirait
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan 20221 Indonesia
| | - Nurdin Siregar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan 20221 Indonesia
| | - Hairus Abdullah
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Prima Indonesia Medan Indonesia
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Yedekçi B, Tezcaner A, Alshemary AZ, Yılmaz B, Demir T, Evis Z. Synthesis and sintering of B, Sr, Mg multi-doped hydroxyapatites: Structural, mechanical and biological characterization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 115:104230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Silicon-doped calcium phosphates; the critical effect of synthesis routes on the biological performance. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110828. [PMID: 32279823 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of using different types of fuel and various amounts of Si4+ ions on the biological properties of silicon-doped calcium phosphates (CaPs), which were synthesized using solution combustion method were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/βTCP) was crystallized in all synthesized samples. The synthesized sample using glycine as fuel, which doped with 0.1 mol Si4+ ions exhibited the most desirable properties. Consecutively, the zeta potential and specific surface area were enhanced from -20 to -27 mV and 38 to 146 m2/g, respectively, by increasing the amount of Si4+ ions from 0 to 0.1 mol. The bioactivity of the samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) was innovatively determined by the joint analyses of the tensiometer, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and XRD data. These findings plus theoretical calculations demonstrate, for the first time, that the Si4+ doping could improve the bioactivity of the powders up to ~155%. The results of in vitro cell-based experiments, including cell viability, alizarin red staining, and cell attachment, confirmed the positive effects of Si-doped powders in the biological systems. Furthermore, Si-doped powders were able to improve the migration ability of mammalian cells in vitro; they could be considered good candidates in angiogenesis-based therapeutic strategies.
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Nano-morphology, crystallinity and surface potential of anatase on micro-arc oxidized titanium affect its protein adsorption, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 107:110204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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6
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Preparation of anionic-cationic co-substituted hydroxyapatite for heavy metal removal: Performance and mechanisms. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.120960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Regulation of Osteogenic Markers at Late Stage of Osteoblast Differentiation in Silicon and Zinc Doped Porous TCP. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:jfb10040048. [PMID: 31694210 PMCID: PMC6963500 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are one of the most widely used synthetic materials for bone grafting applications in the orthopedic industry. Recent trends in synthetic bone graft applications have shifted towards the incorporation of metal trace elements that extend the performance of CaPs to have osteoinductive properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) dopants in highly porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds on late-stage osteoblast cell differentiation markers. In this study, an oil emulsion method is utilized to fabricate highly porous SiO2 doped β-TCP (Si-TCP) and ZnO doped β-TCP (Zn-TCP) scaffolds through the incorporation of 0.5 wt.% SiO2 and 0.25 wt.% ZnO, respectively, to the β-TCP scaffold. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is utilized to analyze the mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear kappa beta ligand (RANKL), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) at the later stage of osteoblast differentiation, day 21 and day 28. Results show that the addition of Si and Zn to the β-TCP structure inhibited the β to α-TCP phase transformation and enhance the density without affecting the dissolution properties. Normal BMP-2 and Runx2 transcriptions are observed in both Si-TCP and Zn-TCP scaffolds at the initial time point, as demonstrated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, the addition of both Si and Zn positively regulate the osteoprotegerin: receptor activator of nuclear factor k-β ligand (OPG:RANKL) ratio at 21-days for Si-TCP and Zn-TCP scaffolds. These results demonstrate the effects of Si and Zn doped porous β-TCP scaffolds on the upregulation of osteoblast marker gene expression including OPG, RANKL, BMP-2, and Runx2, indicating the role of trace elements on the effective regulation of late-stage osteoblast cell differentiation markers.
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Ge R, Xun C, Yang J, Jia W, Li Y. In vivo
therapeutic effect of wollastonite and hydroxyapatite on bone defect. Biomed Mater 2019; 14:065013. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Use of polyethylene terephthalate as a prosthetic component in the prosthesis on an overdenture implant. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:1341-1349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kermani F, Kargozar S, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Yousefi A, Beidokhti SM, Moayed MH. Synthesis of nano HA/βTCP mesoporous particles using a simple modification in granulation method. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 96:859-871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Targonska S, Szyszka K, Rewak-Soroczynska J, Wiglusz RJ. A new approach to spectroscopic and structural studies of the nano-sized silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite doped with Eu 3+ ions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8303-8316. [PMID: 31107470 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline silicate-substituted hydroxyapatites Ca10-xEux(PO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 (where x = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 mol%) doped with Eu3+ ions were synthesized using a microwave assisted hydrothermal method and heat-treated in the temperature range from 700 to 1000 °C. The concentration of optically active Eu3+ ions was established in the range of 0.5-5 mol% to investigate the preference of occupancy sites. The structural and morphological properties of the obtained biomaterials were determined by using XRD (X-Ray Powder Diffraction), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) techniques as well as infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The average particle sizes were calculated to be in the range from 20 nm to 80 nm by the Rietveld method. The charge compensation mechanism in europium(iii)-doped silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite was proposed in the Kröger-Vink-notation. The luminescence properties (the emission, excitation spectra and emission kinetics) of the Eu3+ ion-doped apatite were recorded depending on the dopant concentration. The existence of Eu2+ ions was confirmed by the emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Targonska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Lin DJ, Fuh LJ, Chen CY, Chen WC, Lin JHC, Chen CC. Rapid nano-scale surface modification on micro-arc oxidation coated titanium by microwave-assisted hydrothermal process. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 95:236-247. [PMID: 30573246 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nano to submicron scaled surface possesses excellent biological affinity and several processes have been undertaken to develop titanium implant with specific surface chemical and phase composition and nano-scale features. A simple process was used to modify the nano topographies on a micro-arc-oxidation (MAO) surface which shortens the time for the conventional hydrothermal process (HT). Nano-scaled anatase precipitates on the MAO surface with different crystallinities and morphologies were regulated via microwave-assisted hydrothermal in pure water (MWDD) or in pH conditioned mediums containing calcium and phosphorus ions (MWCP, MWCP9, MWCP11). The surface morphologies and structures were investigated by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and TEM. Anatase crystals as nano-spikes along [001] direction were observed on the surface of the MWDD and MWCP groups. Increasing the pH of the conditioned medium leads the precipitate to lose its crystallinity; the surface of MWCP11 is covered with amorphous anatase which has a 3D nano-sheet architecture. The MW treated surfaces possess superior hydrophilicity can adsorb more proteins (fibronectin and bovine serum albumin), and the osteoblasts-like MG63 cells on these surfaces have higher spreading ratios than on the MAO and HT groups. The cell viabilities in the MW groups were significantly higher than in the MAO and HT groups on the 7th day (P < 0.05), although their cell viabilities were similar on the first day. MWCP and MWCP11 have higher alkaline phosphatase activity on days 7 and 14 compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The MW treatment produces different nanomorphologies on the MAO surface and retains the original micro/submicron pores and surface calcium and phosphorus contents, thus it is expected to promote osseointegration without compromising the bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Jae Lin
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- Advanced Medical Devices and Composite Laboratory, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jiin-Huey Chern Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chiing-Chang Chen
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Sasaki K, Hayashi Y, Toshiyuki K, Guo B. Simultaneous immobilization of borate, arsenate, and silicate from geothermal water derived from mining activity by co-precipitation with hydroxyapatite. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:139-146. [PMID: 29793025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of the geothermal water discharged through mining activity is a critical issue because the rate of discharge is 12,000 m3 per day and the discharge contains high concentrations of borate (>20 mg/L) and arsenate (ca. 0.4 mg/L) as well as silicate and carbonate. The simultaneous reduction of borate and arsenate concentrations to acceptable levels was successfully performed by co-precipitation with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Although the coexisting high concentrations of carbonate act as a disturbing element, the co-precipitation equilibrium of borate was shifted to lower values by adjusting the P/Ca molar ratio, and the removal rate of borate was accelerated by using Al3+ additives, resulting in the efficient reduction of borate within 1 h. The initially immobilized boron in HAp is in the tetragonal form, which probably occupies the hydroxyl sites in HAp, gradually transforming into the trigonal form in the solid state, as interpreted by 1H NMR and 11B-NMR. The coexisting silicate was also immobilized in an ellestadite form, as confirmed by 29Si-NMR measurements. Arsenate and silicate were immobilized before borate in geothermal water. A dissolution assay of borate in the solid residues after co-precipitation with HAp verified the acceptable stability of borate, which is independent of the amount of added Al3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Sasaki
- Department of Earth Resource Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Hayashi
- Department of Earth Resource Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenta Toshiyuki
- Department of Earth Resource Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Binglin Guo
- Department of Earth Resource Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Li T, Peng M, Yang Z, Zhou X, Deng Y, Jiang C, Xiao M, Wang J. 3D-printed IFN-γ-loading calcium silicate-β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold sequentially activates M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages to promote vascularization of tissue engineering bone. Acta Biomater 2018; 71:96-107. [PMID: 29549051 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To promote vascularization of tissue-engineered bone, IFN-γ polarizing macrophages to M1 was loaded on 5% calcium silicate/β-tricalcium phosphate (CaSiO3-β-TCP) scaffolds. IFN-γ and Si released from the scaffold were designed to polarize M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. β-TCP, CaSiO3-β-TCP, and IFN-γ@CaSiO3-β-TCP were fabricated and biocompatibilities were evaluated. Polarizations of macrophages were detected by flow cytometry. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells with GFP were cultured and induced on Matrigel with conditioned culture medium extracted from culture of macrophages loaded on scaffolds for evaluating angiogenesis. Four weeks after the scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted into C57B1/6, vascularization was evaluated by visual observation, hematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as immunohistochemistry of CD31. The results showed that IFN-γ@CaSiO3-β-TCP scaffolds released IFN-γ in the early stage (1-3 days) to stimulate macrophages to M1 polarization, followed by release of Si inducing macrophages to M2 polarization while scaffolds degraded. The activation of M1/M2 allows macrophages to secrete more cytokines, including VEGF, CXCL12 and PDGF-BB. The IFN-γ@CaSiO3-β-TCP scaffolds formed more blood vessels in vitro and in vivo compared to the control groups. The study indicated that the design of tissue-engineered scaffolds with immunomodulatory function utilized host macrophages to increase vascularization of tissue-engineered bone, providing a new strategy for accelerating vascularization and osteogenesis of tissue-engineered scaffolds and showing the potential for treatment of major bone defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A 3-D printed immunomodulatory scaffold was designed for repair of massive bone defects. Through the release of interferon γ and silicon ions, the new immunomodulatory scaffold promoted the M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages, boosting angiogenesis. This scaffold provided a new strategy for accelerating vascularization and osteogenesis of tissue-engineered scaffolds and showing the potential for treatment of major bone defects.
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Lin YH, Chiu YC, Shen YF, Wu YHA, Shie MY. Bioactive calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone composite scaffolds 3D printed under mild conditions for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 29:11. [PMID: 29282550 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-6020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides a solvent-free processing method for establishing the ideal porous 3-dimension (3D) scaffold filled with different ratios of calcium silicate-based (CS) powder and polycaprolactone (PCL) for 3D bone substitute application. Characterization of hybrid scaffolds developed underwent assessments for physicochemical properties and biodegradation. Adhesion and growth of human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) on the CS/PCL blended scaffold were investigated in vitro. Cell attachment and morphology were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal microscope observations. Colorimetric assay was tested for assessing cell metabolic activity. In addition, RT-qPCR was also performed for the osteogenic-related and angiogenesis-related gene expression. As a result, the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds was further significantly improved after we additive CS into PCL, as well as the compressive strength up to 5.8 MPa. SEM showed that a great amount of precipitated bone-like apatite formed on the scaffold surface after immersed in the simulated body fluid. The 3D-printed scaffolds were found to enhance cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, results of osteogenesis and angiogenesis proteins were expressed obviously greater in the response of WJMSCs. These results indicate the CS/PCL composite exhibited a favorable bioactivity and osteoconductive properties that could be served as a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hong Lin
- The Ph.D. program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Cheng Chiu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- 3D Printing Research Center, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Haw Andrew Wu
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Youness RA, Taha MA, Ibrahim MA. Effect of sintering temperatures on the in vitro bioactivity, molecular structure and mechanical properties of titanium/carbonated hydroxyapatite nanobiocomposites. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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