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Major R, Wilczek G, Więcek J, Gawlikowski M, Plutecka H, Kasperkiewicz K, Kot M, Pomorska M, Ostrowski R, Kopernik M. Hemocompatibile Thin Films Assessed under Blood Flow Shear Forces. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175696. [PMID: 36080463 PMCID: PMC9458224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to minimize the risk of life-threatening thromboembolism in the ventricle through the use of a new biomimetic heart valve based on metal-polymer composites. Finite volume element simulations of blood adhesion to the material were carried out, encompassing radial flow and the cone and plane test together with determination of the effect of boundary conditions. Both tilt-disc and bicuspid valves do not have optimized blood flow due to their design based on rigid valve materials (leaflet made of pyrolytic carbon). The main objective was the development of materials with specific properties dedicated to contact with blood. Materials were evaluated by dynamic tests using blood, concentrates, and whole human blood. Hemostability tests under hydrodynamic conditions were related to the mechanical properties of thin-film materials obtained from tribological tests. The quality of the coatings was high enough to avoid damage to the coating even as they were exposed up to maximum loading. Analysis towards blood concentrates of the hydrogenated carbon sample and the nitrogen-doped hydrogenated carbon sample revealed that the interaction of the coating with erythrocytes was the strongest. Hemocompatibility evaluation under hydrodynamic conditions confirmed very good properties of the developed coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa St. 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Więcek
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Maciej Gawlikowski
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelt St. 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Hanna Plutecka
- Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska St. 8, 31-066 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kasperkiewicz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska St., 2840-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Kot
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pomorska
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Roman Ostrowski
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego St. 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kopernik
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-617-51-26
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Major R, Gawlikowski M, Plutecka H, Surmiak M, Kot M, Dyner M, Lackner JM, Major B. Biocompatibility testing of composite biomaterial designed for a new petal valve construction for pulsatile ventricular assist device. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:118. [PMID: 34459990 PMCID: PMC8405480 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06576-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of biocompatibility testing performed on several biomaterial variants for manufacturing a newly designed petal valve intended for use in a pulsatile ventricular assist device or blood pump. Both physical vapor deposition (PVD) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were used to coat titanium-based substrates with hydrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:H) or amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H and a-C:H, N). Experiments were carried out using whole human blood under arterial shear stress conditions in a cone-plate analyzer (ap. 1800 1/s). In most cases, tested coatings showed good or very good haemocompatibility. Type a-C:H, N coating proved to be superior in terms of activation, risk of aggregation, and the effects of generating microparticles of apoptotic origin, and also demonstrated excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, a-C:H, N coatings were selected for further in vivo studies. In vivo animal studies were carried out according to the ISO 10993 standard. Intradermal reactivity was assessed in three rabbits and sub-acute toxicity and local effects after implantation were examined in 12 rabbits. Based on postmortem examination, no organ failure or wound tissue damage occurred during the required period of observation. In summary, our investigations demonstrated high biocompatibility of the biomaterials in relation to thrombogenicity, toxicity, and wound healing. Prototypes of the petal valves were manufactured and mounted on the pulsatile ventricular assist device. Hydrodynamic features and impact on red blood cells (hemolysis) as well as coagulation (systemic thrombogenicity) were assessed in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta Str. 25, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Maciej Gawlikowski
- Foundation for Cardiac Surgery Development, Artificial Heart Laboratory, Wolnosci Str. 345, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelt Str. 40, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Hanna Plutecka
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska Str. 8, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska Str. 8, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Kot
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Str. 30, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Dyner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, CHIRMED, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Juergen M Lackner
- Joanneum Research Forschungsges.m.b.H., Institute of Surface Technologies and Photonics, Functional Surfaces, Leobner Str. 94, Niklasdorf, Austria
| | - Boguslaw Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta Str. 25, Cracow, Poland
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Trembecka-Wójciga K, Kopernik M, Surmiak M, Major R, Gawlikowski M, Bruckert F, Kot M, Lackner JM. Effect of the mechanical properties of carbon-based coatings on the mechanics of cell-material interactions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111359. [PMID: 33032179 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents an influence of the surface mechanical properties of thin-film materials on blood cell adhesion under shear stress conditions. Physical vapour deposited (PVD) coatings i.e. hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) doped with nitrogen or silicon have been investigated. The mechanical properties of materials, namely their microhardness and Young's modulus were measured using indentation test with Rockwell indenter. The adhesion efficiency of blood cells in dynamic conditions were analysed using a radial flow chamber. Red blood cells (RBC) were used as representative cells to analyse cell-material interactions. The biomaterial examinations were performed under physiological flow conditions at the single-cell level. The 3D FVM (finite volume method) model of multi-phase radial flow test was developed to reproduce the physical test and to predict distributions of shear stresses and velocity during blood washout with PBS. Cell-material interactions were found to be strongly associated with the mechanical properties of the thin-film material. The decrease in the hardness of the coatings translated into a weaker cell - material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Trembecka-Wójciga
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta St. 25, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Kopernik
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Str. 30, Cracow, Poland.
| | - M Surmiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska Str. 8, Cracow, Poland
| | - R Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta St. 25, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Gawlikowski
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Roosevelt Str. 40, Zabrze, Poland
| | - F Bruckert
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique - UMR 5628, 3 parvis Louis Néel, Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - M Kot
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Str. 30, Cracow, Poland
| | - J M Lackner
- Joanneum Research Forschungsges mbH, Institute of Surface Technologies and Photonics, Functional Surfaces, Leobner Strasse 94, A-8712, Niklasdorf, Austria
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Major R, Gonsior M, Sanak M, Kot M, Kustosz R, Lackner JM. Surface modification of metallic materials designed for a new generation of artificial heart valves. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 41:854-866. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398818794064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The main goal of this work was to develop haemocompatibile thin film materials dedicated to novel flexible mechanical heart valves intended for pulsatile ventricle assist devices. Methods: The studies performed have led to the selection of a material for the surface modification of the metallic scaffold. Haemocompatible, biofunctional, ultra-elastic, thin carbon-based coatings were proposed. The surface was designed to eliminate thrombogenic and microbial construction by a reduction in turbulence and sufficient washing of the biofunctional-adapted surfaces, thus allowing for extended use for temporary heart support. The article presents the influence of the mechanical properties of coatings and their influence on the haemocompatibility. In this study, we investigated a simplified model of the whole blood shear stress based on a cone and plate rotational viscometer. Several indices of platelet activation were analysed, including platelet and granulocyte-platelet aggregates, platelet activation markers and platelet-derived microparticles. Results: The shear stress induced a platelet aggregate count in the range from 2% to 30% of the CD61 positive cells. For polyurethane (PU), the average value of platelet aggregates was on the level of 7%. The analyses have demonstrated that the cytometric methods of the direct determination of platelet-derived microparticles in plasma are reproducible and reliable. Considering the generation of microparticles on the tested coatings under hydrodynamic conditions, the best properties were observed for the coating a-C:H,N. Conclusion: The results indicate that a-C:H-based coatings with the thickness of 110 nm do not induce an immune response and do not influence the origin of platelet microparticle formation; thus, these type of coatings are the most promising for the parts which are planned to withstand blood contact under the high value of shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Gonsior
- Artificial Heart Laboratory, Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Kot
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman Kustosz
- Artificial Heart Laboratory, Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Juergen M Lackner
- Joanneum Research Forschungsges mbH, Institute of Surface Technologies and Photonics, Functional Surfaces, Niklasdorf, Austria
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