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Cometta S, Hutmacher DW, Chai L. In vitro models for studying implant-associated biofilms - A review from the perspective of bioengineering 3D microenvironments. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122578. [PMID: 38692146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm research has grown exponentially over the last decades, arguably due to their contribution to hospital acquired infections when they form on foreign body surfaces such as catheters and implants. Yet, translation of the knowledge acquired in the laboratory to the clinic has been slow and/or often it is not attempted by research teams to walk the talk of what is defined as 'bench to bedside'. We therefore reviewed the biofilm literature to better understand this gap. Our search revealed substantial development with respect to adapting surfaces and media used in models to mimic the clinical settings, however many of the in vitro models were too simplistic, often discounting the composition and properties of the host microenvironment and overlooking the biofilm-implant-host interactions. Failure to capture the physiological growth conditions of biofilms in vivo results in major differences between lab-grown- and clinically-relevant biofilms, particularly with respect to phenotypic profiles, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance, and they essentially impede bench-to-bedside translatability. In this review, we describe the complexity of the biological processes at the biofilm-implant-host interfaces, discuss the prerequisite for the development and characterization of biofilm models that better mimic the clinical scenario, and propose an interdisciplinary outlook of how to bioengineer biofilms in vitro by converging tissue engineering concepts and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cometta
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Liraz Chai
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Chemistry, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel; The Harvey M. Krueger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
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2
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Gottwald E, Grün C, Nies C, Liebsch G. Physiological oxygen measurements in vitro-Schrödinger's cat in 3D cell biology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1218957. [PMID: 37885450 PMCID: PMC10598749 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1218957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
After the development of 3D cell culture methods in the middle of the last century and the plethora of data generated with this culture configuration up to date, it could be shown that a three-dimensional arrangement of cells in most of the cases leads to a more physiological behavior of the generated tissue. However, a major determinant for an organotypic function, namely, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the used in vitro-system, has been neglected in most of the studies. This is due to the fact that the oxygen measurement in the beginning was simply not feasible and, if so, disturbed the measurement and/or the in vitro-system itself. This is especially true for the meanwhile more widespread use of 3D culture systems. Therefore, the tissues analyzed by these techniques can be considered as the Schrödinger's cat in 3D cell biology. In this perspective paper we will outline how the measurement and, moreover, the regulation of the dissolved oxygen concentration in vitro-3D culture systems could be established at all and how it may be possible to determine the oxygen concentration in organoid cultures and the respiratory capacity via mito stress tests, especially in spheroids in the size range of a few hundred micrometers, under physiological culture conditions, without disturbances or stress induction in the system and in a high-throughput fashion. By this, such systems will help to more efficiently translate tissue engineering approaches into new in vitro-platforms for fundamental and applied research as well as preclinical safety testing and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gottwald
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Grün
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Cordula Nies
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Li W, McLeod D, Ketzenberger JT, Kowalik G, Russo R, Li Z, Kay MW, Entcheva E. High-throughput optical sensing of peri-cellular oxygen in cardiac cells: system characterization, calibration, and testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1214493. [PMID: 37397961 PMCID: PMC10313526 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represent a scalable experimental model relevant to human physiology. Oxygen consumption of hiPSC-CMs has not been studied in high-throughput (HT) format plates used in pre-clinical studies. Here, we provide comprehensive characterization and validation of a system for HT long-term optical measurements of peri-cellular oxygen in cardiac syncytia (human iPSC-CM and human cardiac fibroblasts), grown in glass-bottom 96-well plates. Laser-cut oxygen sensors having a ruthenium dye and an oxygen-insensitive reference dye were used. Ratiometric measurements (409 nm excitation) reflected dynamic changes in oxygen, as validated with simultaneous Clark electrode measurements. Emission ratios (653 nm vs. 510 nm) were calibrated for percent oxygen using two-point calibration. Time-dependent changes in the Stern-Volmer parameter, ksv, were observed during the initial 40-90 min of incubation, likely temperature-related. Effects of pH on oxygen measurements were negligible in the pH range of 4-8, with a small ratio reduction for pH > 10. Time-dependent calibration was implemented, and light exposure time was optimized (0.6-0.8 s) for oxygen measurements inside an incubator. Peri-cellular oxygen dropped to levels <5% within 3-10 h for densely-plated hiPSC-CMs in glass-bottom 96-well plates. After the initial oxygen decrease, samples either settled to low steady-state or exhibited intermittent peri-cellular oxygen dynamics. Cardiac fibroblasts showed slower oxygen depletion and higher steady-state levels without oscillations, compared to hiPSC-CMs. Overall, the system has great utility for long-term HT monitoring of peri-cellular oxygen dynamics in vitro for tracking cellular oxygen consumption, metabolic perturbations, and characterization of the maturation of hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenyu Li
- Correspondence: Zhenyu Li, ; Matthew W. Kay, ; Emilia Entcheva,
| | - Matthew W. Kay
- Correspondence: Zhenyu Li, ; Matthew W. Kay, ; Emilia Entcheva,
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Correspondence: Zhenyu Li, ; Matthew W. Kay, ; Emilia Entcheva,
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4
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Li W, McLeod D, Ketzenberger JT, Kowalik G, Russo R, Li Z, Kay MW, Entcheva E. High-throughput optical sensing of peri-cellular oxygen in cardiac cells: system characterization, calibration, and testing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538133. [PMID: 37163022 PMCID: PMC10168216 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represent a scalable experimental model relevant to human physiology. Oxygen consumption of hiPSC-CMs has not been studied in high-throughput (HT) format plates used in pre-clinical studies. Here, we provide comprehensive characterization and validation of a system for HT long-term optical measurements of peri-cellular oxygen in cardiac syncytia (human iPSC-CM and human cardiac fibroblasts), grown in glass-bottom 96-well plates. Laser-cut oxygen sensors having a ruthenium dye and an oxygen-insensitive reference dye were used. Ratiometric measurements (409nm excitation) reflected dynamic changes in oxygen, as validated with simultaneous Clark electrode measurements. Emission ratios (653nm vs. 510nm) were calibrated for percent oxygen using two-point calibration. Time-dependent changes in the Stern-Volmer parameter, Ksv, were observed during the initial 40 min of incubation, likely temperature-related. Effects of pH on oxygen measurements were negligible in the pH range of 4 to 8, with a small ratio reduction for pH>10. Time-dependent calibration was implemented, and light exposure time was optimized (0.6 to 0.8s) for oxygen measurements inside an incubator. Peri-cellular oxygen dropped to levels < 5% within 3 -10 hours for densely-plated hiPSC-CMs in glass-bottom 96-well plates. After the initial oxygen decrease, samples either settled to low steady-state or exhibited intermittent peri-cellular oxygen dynamics. Cardiac fibroblasts showed slower oxygen depletion and higher steady-state levels without oscillations, compared to hiPSC-CMs. Overall, the system has great utility for long-term HT monitoring of peri-cellular oxygen dynamics in vitro for tracking cellular oxygen consumption, metabolic perturbations, and characterization of the maturation of hiPSC-CMs.
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Grün C, Pfeifer J, Liebsch G, Gottwald E. O 2-sensitive microcavity arrays: A new platform for oxygen measurements in 3D cell cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1111316. [PMID: 36890915 PMCID: PMC9986295 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen concentration plays a crucial role in (3D) cell culture. However, the oxygen content in vitro is usually not comparable to the in vivo situation, which is partly due to the fact that most experiments are performed under ambient atmosphere supplemented with 5% CO2, which can lead to hyperoxia. Cultivation under physiological conditions is necessary, but also fails to have suitable measurement methods, especially in 3D cell culture. Current oxygen measurement methods rely on global oxygen measurements (dish or well) and can only be performed in 2D cultures. In this paper, we describe a system that allows the determination of oxygen in 3D cell culture, especially in the microenvironment of single spheroids/organoids. For this purpose, microthermoforming was used to generate microcavity arrays from oxygen-sensitive polymer films. In these oxygen-sensitive microcavity arrays (sensor arrays), spheroids cannot only be generated but also cultivated further. In initial experiments we could show that the system is able to perform mitochondrial stress tests in spheroid cultures to characterize mitochondrial respiration in 3D. Thus, with the help of sensor arrays, it is possible to determine oxygen label-free and in real-time in the immediate microenvironment of spheroid cultures for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Grün
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jana Pfeifer
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Eric Gottwald
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Gao C, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wei P, Jing W, Wang H, Yuan Z, Zhang D, Yu Y, Yang X, Cai Q. Self-reinforcement hydrogel with sustainable oxygen-supply for enhanced cell ingrowth and potential tissue regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213105. [PMID: 36088718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels composed of natural biopolymers are attractive for tissue regeneration applications owing to their advantages such as biocompatibility and ease of administration, etc.. Yet, the low oxygen level and the crosslinked network inside bulk hydrogels, as well as the hypoxic status in defect areas, hamper cell viability, function, and eventual tissue repair. Herein, based on Ca2+-crosslinked alginate hydrogel, oxygen-generating calcium peroxide (CaO2) was introduced, which could provide a dynamic crosslinking alongside the CaO2 decomposition. Compared to the CaCl2-crosslinked alginate hydrogel, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells cultured with CaO2-contained system displayed remarkably improved biological behaviors. Furthermore, in vivo evaluations were carried out on a subcutaneous implantation in rats, and the results demonstrated the importance of the local oxygen availability in a series of crucial events for tissue regeneration, such as activating cell viability, migration, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. In summary, the obtained Ca2+-crosslinked alginate hydrogel achieved a better microenvironment for cell ingrowth and potential tissue regeneration as the CaCl2 crosslinker being replaced by oxygen-generating CaO2 nanoparticles, due to its contribution in remedying the local hypoxic condition, promisingly, the release of Ca2+ makes the hydrogel to be a possible candidate scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yiqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zuoying Yuan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Godet I, Doctorman S, Wu F, Gilkes DM. Detection of Hypoxia in Cancer Models: Significance, Challenges, and Advances. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040686. [PMID: 35203334 PMCID: PMC8869817 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of cancer cells combined with deficient vessels cause regions of nutrient and O2 deprivation in solid tumors. Some cancer cells can adapt to these extreme hypoxic conditions and persist to promote cancer progression. Intratumoral hypoxia has been consistently associated with a worse patient prognosis. In vitro, 3D models of spheroids or organoids can recapitulate spontaneous O2 gradients in solid tumors. Likewise, in vivo murine models of cancer reproduce the physiological levels of hypoxia that have been measured in human tumors. Given the potential clinical importance of hypoxia in cancer progression, there is an increasing need to design methods to measure O2 concentrations. O2 levels can be directly measured with needle-type probes, both optical and electrochemical. Alternatively, indirect, noninvasive approaches have been optimized, and include immunolabeling endogenous or exogenous markers. Fluorescent, phosphorescent, and luminescent reporters have also been employed experimentally to provide dynamic measurements of O2 in live cells or tumors. In medical imaging, modalities such as MRI and PET are often the method of choice. This review provides a comparative overview of the main methods utilized to detect hypoxia in cell culture and preclinical models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Godet
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.D.); (F.W.)
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Steven Doctorman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.D.); (F.W.)
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.D.); (F.W.)
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.D.); (F.W.)
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Correspondence:
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Fedi A, Vitale C, Giannoni P, Caluori G, Marrella A. Biosensors to Monitor Cell Activity in 3D Hydrogel-Based Tissue Models. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1517. [PMID: 35214418 PMCID: PMC8879987 DOI: 10.3390/s22041517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture models have gained relevant interest in tissue engineering and drug discovery owing to their suitability to reproduce in vitro some key aspects of human tissues and to provide predictive information for in vivo tests. In this context, the use of hydrogels as artificial extracellular matrices is of paramount relevance, since they allow closer recapitulation of (patho)physiological features of human tissues. However, most of the analyses aimed at characterizing these models are based on time-consuming and endpoint assays, which can provide only static and limited data on cellular behavior. On the other hand, biosensing systems could be adopted to measure on-line cellular activity, as currently performed in bi-dimensional, i.e., monolayer, cell culture systems; however, their translation and integration within 3D hydrogel-based systems is not straight forward, due to the geometry and materials properties of these advanced cell culturing approaches. Therefore, researchers have adopted different strategies, through the development of biochemical, electrochemical and optical sensors, but challenges still remain in employing these devices. In this review, after examining recent advances in adapting existing biosensors from traditional cell monolayers to polymeric 3D cells cultures, we will focus on novel designs and outcomes of a range of biosensors specifically developed to provide real-time analysis of hydrogel-based cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Fedi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.V.)
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.V.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Paolo Giannoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Guido Caluori
- IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, 33600 Pessac, France;
- INSERM UMR 1045, Cardiothoracic Research Center of Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alessandra Marrella
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.V.)
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Efficient Decellularization by Application of Moderate High Hydrostatic Pressure with Supercooling Pretreatment. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121486. [PMID: 34945339 PMCID: PMC8708072 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized tissues are considered superior scaffolds for cell cultures, preserving the microstructure of native tissues and delivering many kinds of cytokines. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment could remove cells physically from biological tissues rather than chemical methods. However, there are some risks of inducing destruction or denaturation of extracellular matrices (ECMs) at an ultrahigh level of HHP. Therefore, efficient decellularization using moderate HHP is required to remove almost all cells simultaneously to suppress tissue damage. In this study, we proposed a novel decellularization method using a moderate HHP with supercooling pretreatment. To validate the decellularization method, a supercooling device was developed to incubate human dermal fibroblasts or collagen gels in a supercooled state. The cell suspension and collagen gels were subjected to 100, 150, and 200 MPa of HHP after supercooling pretreatment, respectively. After applying HHP, the viability and morphology of the cells and the collagen network structure of the gels were evaluated. The viability of cells decreased dramatically after HHP application with supercooling pretreatment, whereas the microstructures of collagen gels were preserved and cell adhesivity was retained after HHP application. In conclusion, it was revealed that supercooling pretreatment promoted the denaturation of the cell membrane to improve the efficacy of decellularization using static application of moderate HHP. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the HHP with supercooling pretreatment did not degenerate and damage the microstructure in collagen gels.
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Blancke Soares A, Meier R, Liebsch G, Schwenk-Zieger S, Kirmaier ME, Theurich S, Widmann M, Canis M, Gires O, Haubner F. High-resolution spatiotemporal pH e and pO 2 imaging in head and neck and oesophageal carcinoma cells. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33947450 PMCID: PMC8097870 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background pO2 and pH are physiological parameters relevant for different processes in health and disease, including wound healing and cancer progression. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) have a high rate of local recurrence that is partly related to treatment-resistant residual tumour cells. Hence, novel diagnostic tools are required to visualise potential residual tumour cells and thereby improve treatment outcome for HNSCC and ESCC patients. We developed a device to spatiotemporally measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) to distinguish HNSCC and ESCC cells from healthy cells in vitro, exploiting general metabolic differences between cancer cells and healthy cells. Methods OCR and ECAR were measured via a newly developed device named STO2p-Q (SpatioTemporal O2 and pH Quantification) using the VisiSens technology based on ratiometric fluorescence imaging, facilitating spatiotemporal resolution. Results were confirmed using extracellular flux analyses (Seahorse technology). Results STO2p-Q is described and used to measure OCR and ECAR in HNSCC and ESCC cell lines and normal fibroblast and epithelial cells as components of the tumour microenvironment. OCR measurements showed differences amongst HNSCC and ESCC cell lines and between HNSCC/ESCC and normal cells, which on average had lower OCR than HNSCC/ESCC cells. Both OCR and ECAR measurements were independently verified using the Seahorse technology. Additionally, using STO2p-Q, HNSCC/ESCC, and normal cells could be spatially resolved with a resolution in the low millimetre range. Conclusions We developed a method to spatiotemporally measure OCR and ECAR of cells, which has many potential in vitro applications and lays the foundation for the development of novel diagnostic tools for the detection of cancerous tissue in HNSCC and ESCC patients in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00257-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Blancke Soares
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Meier
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Liebsch
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabina Schwenk-Zieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin E Kirmaier
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Cancer and Immunometabolism Research Group, Gene Center LMU, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Cancer and Immunometabolism Research Group, Gene Center LMU, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Widmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Fan D, Liu H, Zhang Z, Su M, Yuan Z, Lin Y, Yang S, Li W, Zhang X. Resveratrol and Angiogenin-2 Combined With PEGDA/TCS Hydrogel for the Targeted Therapy of Hypoxic Bone Defects via Activation of the Autophagy Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618724. [PMID: 33927615 PMCID: PMC8079142 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The guarantee of cell survival under hypoxic conditions and rapid vascularization is a key in tissue engineering strategies for treating bone defects. Our study aimed to establish the protective role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in hypoxic conditions and realize rapid vascularization in bone defects. Resveratrol (Res), a non-flavonoid polyphenolic compound, and angiopoietin-2 (ANG2), a vascular activating factor, were applied to enhance BMSC and HUVEC survival, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. The morphology, autophagy, viability, apoptosis, cycle, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs treated with Res were analyzed. The results indicated that Res could improve BMSC survival and differentiation via the autophagy pathway under hypoxic conditions. In addition, Res maintained HUVEC growth and proliferation in a hypoxic and ANG2 double-adverse environment via the autophagy pathway. To simulate a relatively hypoxic environment, small-aperture PEGDA/TCS hydrogels containing Res and ANG2 were prepared. BMSCs were cultured in the PEGDA/TCS scaffold and transplanted into a large tibial defect. CD31 immunofluorescence showed that the density and size of new blood vessels in the bone defect were significantly enhanced by ANG2 and Res at 8 weeks after surgery. H&E, Masson, and immunohistochemical staining results indicated that ANG2 combined with Res could promote new bone formation in defects. All these results suggested that Res combined with ANG2 may be a novel strategy for the targeted therapy of hypoxic bone defects with tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Fan
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengping Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenning Zhang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyi Su
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Yuan
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuquan Yang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Sports Assistive Devices of Guangdong, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xintao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, National and Local Joint Engineering, Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Sayin E, Baran ET, Elsheikh A, Mudera V, Cheema U, Hasirci V. Evaluating Oxygen Tensions Related to Bone Marrow and Matrix for MSC Differentiation in 2D and 3D Biomimetic Lamellar Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4010. [PMID: 33924614 PMCID: PMC8068918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological O2 microenvironment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts and the dimensionality of a substrate are known to be important in regulating cell phenotype and function. By providing the physiologically normoxic environments of bone marrow (5%) and matrix (12%), we assessed their potential to maintain stemness, induce osteogenic differentiation, and enhance the material properties in the micropatterned collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds that were produced in 2D or 3D. Expression of osterix (OSX) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was significantly enhanced in the 3D scaffold in all oxygen environments. At 21% O2, OSX and VEGFA expressions in the 3D scaffold were respectively 13,200 and 270 times higher than those of the 2D scaffold. Markers for assessing stemness were significantly more pronounced on tissue culture polystyrene and 2D scaffold incubated at 5% O2. At 21% O2, we measured significant increases in ultimate tensile strength (p < 0.0001) and Young's modulus (p = 0.003) of the 3D scaffold compared to the 2D scaffold, whilst 5% O2 hindered the positive effect of cell seeding on tensile strength. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the 3D culture of MSCs in collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds provided biomimetic cues for bone progenitor cells toward differentiation and enhanced the tensile mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sayin
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Erkan Türker Baran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ahmed Elsheikh
- School of Engineering, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK;
| | - Vivek Mudera
- UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, 43-45 Foley Street, Fitzrovia, London W1W 7TY, UK; (V.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Umber Cheema
- UCL Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, 43-45 Foley Street, Fitzrovia, London W1W 7TY, UK; (V.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
- Department of Medical Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Eggert S, Gutbrod MS, Liebsch G, Meier R, Meinert C, Hutmacher DW. Automated 3D Microphysiometry Facilitates High-Content and Highly Reproducible Oxygen Measurements within 3D Cell Culture Models. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1248-1260. [PMID: 33621068 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiometry is a powerful technique to study metabolic parameters and detect changes to external stimuli. However, applying this technique for automated label-free and real-time measurements within cell-laden three-dimensional (3D) cell culture constructs remains a challenge. Herein, we present an entirely automated microphysiometry setup that combines needle-type microsensors with motorized sample and sensor positioning systems inside a standard tissue-culture incubator. The setup records dissolved oxygen as a metabolic parameter along the z-direction within cell-laden 3D constructs in a minimally invasive manner. The microphysiometry setup was applied to characterize the spatial oxygen distribution within thick cell-laden 3D constructs, study the time-dependent changes on the oxygen tension within 3D breast cancer models following a chemotherapeutic treatment, and identify kinetics and recovery effects after drug exposure over 5 weeks. Our data suggest that the microphysiometry setup enables highly reproducible measurements without human intervention, due to the high degree of automation and positional accuracy. The results demonstrate the applicability of the setup to provide valuable long-term insights into oxygenation within 3D models using minimally invasive, label-free, and entirely automated analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Eggert
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
- Chair of Medical Materials and Implants, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Martin S. Gutbrod
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Liebsch
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Meier
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
- ARC ITTC in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
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14
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Peniche Silva CJ, Liebsch G, Meier RJ, Gutbrod MS, Balmayor ER, van Griensven M. A New Non-invasive Technique for Measuring 3D-Oxygen Gradients in Wells During Mammalian Cell Culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:595. [PMID: 32626696 PMCID: PMC7313265 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen tension plays an important role in overall cell function and fate, regulating gene expression, and cell differentiation. Although there is extensive literature available that supports the previous statement, little information is to be found about accurate O2 measurements during culture. In fact, O2 concentration at the cell layer during culture is commonly assumed to be equal to that of the incubator atmosphere. This assumption does not consider oxygen diffusion properties, cell type, cell density, media composition, time in culture nor height of the cell culture medium column. In this study, we developed a non-invasive, optical sensor foil-based technique suitable for measuring the 3D oxygen gradient that is formed during cell culture as a result of normal cell respiration. For this propose, we created a 3D printed ramp to which surface an oxygen optode sensor foil was attached. The ramps were positioned inside the culture wells of 24 well plate prior cell seeding. This set up in conjunction with the VisiSens TD camera system allows to investigate the oxygen gradient formation during culture. Cultivation was performed with three different initial cell densities of the cell line A549 that were seeded on the plate containing the ramps with the oxygen sensors. The O2 gradient obtained after 96 h of culture showed significantly lower O2 concentrations closer to the bottom of the well in high cell density cultures compared to that of lower cell density cultures. Furthermore, it was very interesting to observe that even with low cell density culture, oxygen concentration near the cell layer was lower than that of the incubator atmosphere. The obtained oxygen gradient after 96 h was used to calculate the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of the A549 cells, and the obtained value of ~100 fmol/h/cell matches the OCR value already reported in the literature for this cell line. Moreover, we found our set up to be unique in its ability to measure oxygen gradient formation in several wells of a cell culture plate simultaneously and in a non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Peniche Silva
- cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth R. Balmayor
- IBE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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15
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Bao Z, Gao M, Fan X, Cui Y, Yang J, Peng X, Xian M, Sun Y, Nian R. Development and characterization of a photo-cross-linked functionalized type-I collagen (Oreochromis niloticus) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:163-173. [PMID: 32229213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Collagen hydrogels have been widely investigated as scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility and capacity to promote cell adhesion. However, insufficient mechanical strength and rapid degradation properties remain the major obstacles for their applications. In the present study, type-I tilapia collagen (TC) was functionalized to form methacrylated tilapia collagen (MATC) by introducing methacrylic acid, developing a photo-cross-linked PEGDA-MATC hydrogel. The mechanical strength of PEGDA-MATC hydrogel could be tuned by adjusting the pH of the precursor solutions, which was decreased with the pH increased. At a pH 5 condition, PEGDA-MATC showed the highest compressive fracture stress (1.31 MPa). Compared to the PEGDA-TC hydrogel, PEGDA-MATC hydrogel exhibited similar swelling behavior to PEGDA-TC hydrogel in PBS solutions, but higher residual mass ratio (PEGDA-MATC, 213.2 ± 2.8%) than PEGDA-TC hydrogel (199.4 ± 3.8%) when cultured with type-I collagenase. PEGDA-MATC hydrogel showed sustained BSA release capacity for 6 days, and the BSA release ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with increasing concentration of loaded-BSA (68.6% at 4 mg mL-1, 42.2% at 8 mg mL-1). The PEGDA-MATC hydrogel allowed cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro. These results demonstrated that PEGDA-MATC hydrogel might be a potential scaffold for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Minghong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiying Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xinying Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yue Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Rui Nian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
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