1
|
Mendonsa AA, Sodia TZ, Cash KJ. The impact of zwitterionic surfactants on optode-based nanosensors via different fabrication approaches and sensing mechanisms. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 39087723 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we explored the impact of zwitterionic surfactants, sulfobetaine 16 (SB-16) and a PEG-phospholipid conjugate (DSPE-PEG), on nanosensor performance. We fabricated four sensors (for Na+, K+, Al3+, and O2) and examined how these surfactants influenced various aspects, including fabrication methods, sensing mechanisms, and the incorporation of nanomaterials. Our results highlighted SB-16's role in enhancing selectivity in ion-exchange sensors (Na+ and K+) while maintaining sensitivity akin to its PEG counterpart. The liquid-liquid extraction based sensors (Al3+) were unaffected by surfactant choice, while the O2 sensors that operate via collisional quenching exhibited reduced sensitivity with SB-16 when compared to its PEG-based counterpart. Additionally, the SB-16 sensors proved adaptable to different fabrication approaches (SESE - single emulsion solvent evaporation and FNP - flash nanoprecipitation), showcased good cell viability and maintained a functional lifetime of at least five days. Furthermore, via the use of quantum dots, we showed that it is possible to incorporate other nanomaterials into the sensing phase of SB-16 sensors. Future investigations could target enhancing the pH stability of zwitterionic surfactants to further advance their applicability in sensor technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A Mendonsa
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Tyler Z Sodia
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kevin J Cash
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park JJ, Kim Y, Lee C, Kim D, Choi W, Kwon H, Kim JH, Hwang KS, Lee JY. Morphological Analysis of PSMA/PEI Core-Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized by Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081958. [PMID: 34443787 PMCID: PMC8402240 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emulsion polymerization presents the disadvantage that the physical properties of polymer particles are altered by surfactant adsorption. Therefore, in the soap-free emulsion polymerization method, a hydrophilic initiator is utilized while inducing repulsion among particles on the polymer particle surface, resulting in stable polymer particle production. In this study, we developed a methodology wherein spherical and uniform poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) core–shell nanoparticles were prepared. Further, their morphology was analyzed. During PSMA polymerization, the addition of up to 30% maleic anhydride (MA) resulted in stable polymerization. In PSMA/PEI nanoparticle fabrication, the number of reactants increased with increased initial monomer feed amounts; consequently, the particle size increased, and as the complete monomer consumption time increased, the particle distribution widened. The styrene (St) copolymer acted as a stabilizer, reducing particle size and narrowing particle distribution. Furthermore, the monomers were more rapidly consumed at high initiator concentrations, irrespective of the initiator used, resulting in increased particle stability and narrowed particle distribution. The shell thickness and particle size were PEI feed ratio dependent, with 0.08 being the optimal PEI-to-MA ratio. The fabricated nanoparticles possess immense potential for application in environmental science and in chemical and health care industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120749, Korea; (J.-J.P.); (D.K.); (W.C.); (H.K.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Chanmin Lee
- Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120749, Korea; (J.-J.P.); (D.K.); (W.C.); (H.K.); (J.-H.K.)
- Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120749, Korea; (J.-J.P.); (D.K.); (W.C.); (H.K.); (J.-H.K.)
- Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Hyukjun Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120749, Korea; (J.-J.P.); (D.K.); (W.C.); (H.K.); (J.-H.K.)
- Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120749, Korea; (J.-J.P.); (D.K.); (W.C.); (H.K.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ki-Seob Hwang
- Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.-S.H.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +82-41-5898-424 (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.-S.H.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +82-41-5898-424 (J.-Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colorimetric Visualization Using Polymeric Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Enhanced Sensitivity for Formaldehyde Gas Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12050998. [PMID: 32344883 PMCID: PMC7285312 DOI: 10.3390/polym12050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although equipment-based gas sensor systems (e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography) have been widely applied for formaldehyde gas detection, pre-treatment and expensive instrumentation are required. To overcome these disadvantages, we developed a colorimetric sensor based on polymer-based core–shell nanoparticles (PCSNPs), which are inexpensive, stable, and exhibit enhanced selectivity. Spherical and uniform poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) core–shell nanoparticles were prepared and then impregnated with Methyl Red (MR), Bromocresol Purple (BCP), or 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to construct colorimetric sensors for formaldehyde gas. The intrinsic properties of these dyes were maintained when introduced into the PCSNPs. In the presence of formaldehyde, the MR, BCP, and 4-NP colorimetric sensors changed to yellow, red, and gray, respectively. The colorimetric response was maximized at a PEI/PSMA ratio of four, likely owing to the high content of amine groups. Effective formaldehyde gas detection was achieved at a relative humidity of 30% using the MR colorimetric sensor, which exhibited a large color change (92%) in 1 min. Advantageously, this stable sensor allowed sensitive and rapid naked-eye detection of low formaldehyde concentrations (0.5 ppm). Hence, this approach is promising for real-time formaldehyde gas visualization and can also be adapted to other colorimetric gas sensor systems to improve sensitivity and simplicity.
Collapse
|