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Seyedi D, Valizadeh S, Ghodsi S, Salimi K, Atri F. Effect of Nonthermal Plasma on Shear Bond Strength of Translucent Zirconia in Layering Ceramic. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:6639030. [PMID: 37223394 PMCID: PMC10202598 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6639030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Today, various methods are used to increase the bond strength of zirconia in layering ceramics. This study evaluated the effects of nonthermal argon plasma on zirconia shear bond strength to layering porcelain. Materials and Method. In this experimental study, 42 square blocks of zirconia were prepared and randomly divided into three groups (n = 14) according to the applying surface treatment: (1) the control group (without any surface treatment), (2) the plasma-treated group with argon nonthermal plasma, and (3) the air abrasion group with 50 µm Al2O3 particles. All samples were layered with porcelain. One sample from each group was evaluated by electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the cross-sectional area of the zirconia-ceramic bond. The rest of the specimens were subjected to thermocycling with 5,000 baths to imitate the aging process in the mouth and then were tested for shear bond strength. The failure pattern of the samples was examined by stereomicroscope. Bond strength data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test in three groups and Tamhane post hoc test in pairs. The significance level of p-value was considered 0.05. Results The shear bond strength of the plasma-treated group was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.032) but the shear bond strength between the sandblast and the plasma-treated group was not significantly different (p = 0.656). The shear bond strength between the sandblast and the control group was also not significant (p = 0.202). Regarding the mode of failure, failures were mostly adhesive and then mixed. Examination of the samples under SEM showed that the bond area is the thickest in the sandblast group and also the surface roughness is the highest in the sandblast group and the lowest in the control group. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the use of nonthermal argon plasma treatment is an effective way to enhance the quality and quantity of shear bond strength between layering porcelain and zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Seyedi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Valizadeh
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoura Ghodsi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Salimi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Atri
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhou M, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Li D, Zhao Z, Wang Q, Tang K, Niu L, Wang F. Construction of Nanostructured Glass-Zirconia to Improve the Interface Stability of Dental Bilayer Zirconia. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:678. [PMID: 36839046 PMCID: PMC9960043 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bilayer zirconia restoration is one of the most commonly used restorations in dental practice, but the high frequency of the cohesive/adhesive fracture of veneered porcelain is still a problem. This paper focuses on the development of nanostructured glass-zirconia to improve the interface stability of dental zirconia substrate and veneered porcelain. A novel SiO2-Li2O-Al2O3 (SLA) glass was prepared and infiltrated into the surface of fully sintered dental zirconia to obtain nanostructured glass-zirconia structure. The prepared glass-zirconia was analyzed with scanning electron microscopes (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The wettability, roughness and 3D morphology of zirconia were altered, and shear bonding strength (SBS) test demonstrated almost double increase in SBS values of the nanostructured glass-zirconia structure. The failure modes and microstructure characteristics also verified the improved interfacial stability. This investigation provides a promising method for enhancing the structural stability of bilayer zirconia restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ding Li
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Lina Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Fu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Kumar NK, Nair A, Thomas PM, Hariprasad L, Brigit B, Merwade S, Shylaja V. Zirconia surface infiltration with low-fusing glass: A surface treatment modality to enhance the bond strength between zirconia and veneering ceramic. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:492-497. [PMID: 36506626 PMCID: PMC9733539 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_247_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pursuit of esthetics and superior mechanical properties prompted the layering of Yttrium stabilized Zirconia with ceramic material. However, the bioinert nature of zirconia causes the chipping off of this ceramic layer. Selective infiltration etching (SIE) of zirconia provides good bond strength between zirconia and veneering ceramic. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty zirconia specimens of dimensions 5 × 5 × 10 mm were divided into 5 groups. Group 1: Air abrasion with 30 μ Al2O3 for 15 s with 0.4 bar pressure. Group 2: SIE and heat-induced maturation (HIM) as demonstrated by Abousheilb. Group 3: Sintered zirconia specimens were taken up for air abrasion followed by SIE/HIM. Group 4: Air abrasion and SIE performed on unsintered specimens followed by heat treatment at 1500°C. Group 5: Air abrasion performed on unsintered zirconia specimens followed by heat treatment at 1500°C followed by SIE/HIM. The samples were then layered with ceramic and subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) analysis. Results The mean and standard deviation were calculated for the data. The mean SBS among the groups was compared using ANOVA. The post hoc Bonferroni test was applied to compare between the groups. The mean SBS was highest for Group 5 (47.89 ± 6.53) followed by Group 2 (34.94 ± 3.04), Group 3 (32.56 ± 6.04), Group 1 (29.12 ± 7.37), and Group 4 (27.56 ± 7.54). ANOVA test showed statistically significant differences among the groups (F = 48.86, P = 0.00). Conclusion SIE/HIM when combined with sandblasting with appropriate heat treatment demonstrated a significant increase in bond strength. This prolongs the longevity of the restoration, thereby meeting the clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kiran Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anoop Nair
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Priya Marian Thomas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Priya Marian Thomas, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Fort, Bengaluru - 560 002, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
| | - L. Hariprasad
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Biji Brigit
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Merwade
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Shylaja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Surface characterization of different surface treatments associations with plasma and bonding analysis of Y-TZP and the veneering ceramic. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1873-1883. [PMID: 34702557 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the surface of zirconia (Y-TZP) submitted to different surface treatments (with and without plasma associations) and to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) between veneering ceramic (VC) and Y-TZP after different aging methods. METHODS 301 Y-TZP specimens were fabricated and distributed into 7 groups: C (control): no treatment; Al: airborne abrasion with 27 μm Al2O3 particle; L: liner; P: plasma; Al + L: airborne + liner; Al + P: airborne + plasma; P + L: plasma + liner. The Y-TZP surface was characterized by SEM, EDS, AFM, surface profilometry, surface-free energy (SFE), and XRD. SBS between Y-TZP and VC was verified after three aging protocols: initial, after hydrothermal aging (autoclave for 5 h), or thermal fatigue (30,000 baths - 5-55 °C). One- (profilometry, SFE) and two-way ANOVA (SBS), and Tukey's HSD test were used. RESULTS For the plasma groups, a full globular surface coverage was observed (SEM, AFM). Si was found for Al, L, Al + L, and P + L. Roughness was lower for C, P, and Al + P. For SFE, the highest values were found when the liner was applied (>74.59 nm/Nm). The highest monoclinic content was observed for Al + L (6.96%) and Al + P (5.86%). For the initial period, Al and P + L presented the lowest SBS values (<5.85 MPa; P > 0.331). The highest SBS values were found for L, P, and P + L (hydrothermal aging) and for P, L, Al + L, and Al + P (thermal fatigue). SIGNIFICANCE Changes in Y-TZP topography and the SBS with the VC were found, according to treatments performed. Plasma treatment improved SBS and did not cause phase transformation.
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Shelar P, Abdolvand H, Butler S. On the behaviour of zirconia-based dental materials: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104861. [PMID: 34600431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia-based dental materials are extensively used in clinical practice due to their tooth-like appearance, biofunctionality, biocompatibility, and affordability. However, premature clinical failures of veneering porcelains raise a concern about their integrity. Extensive studies have been performed over a decade to resolve this issue, but it is challenging to reference all information effectively. A single source identifying the significance of potential parameters on material performance has not previously been available. An evidence-based meta-narrative review technique was used to review the characteristic parameters that can affect the overall behaviour of zirconia-based materials. Keywords were chosen to assess manuscripts based on scientific coherence with this paper's research objective. Online keyword searches were carried out on ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SAGE databases for relevant published manuscripts from year 1985-2020.261 out of 3170 identified manuscripts were included. A total of 10 parameters were identified and classified into the material, manufacturing, and geometric aspects. The effect of every parameter was reviewed on the performance of the material. A discrepancy in findings was observed and is attributed to the fact that there is no standard methodology. This review acts as a single source that summarizes various parameters' contribution to zirconia-based dental materials' performance. This review facilitates manufacturing improvements by accounting for every parameter's effect on overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Shelar
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamidreza Abdolvand
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila Butler
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Nakamura K, Kawaguchi T, Ikeda H, Karntiang P, Kakura K, Taniguchi Y, Toyoda K, Shimizu H, Kido H. Bond durability and surface states of titanium, Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and zirconia for implant materials. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:296-302. [PMID: 34470984 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Screw-retained implant crowns used as dental implants comprise a zirconia coping and titanium base bonded using resin cement. These devices are prone to debonding failures. This study investigated the bond characteristics of implant materials based on shear bond strength (SBS) and surface characteristics. METHODS Chemically pure (CP) titanium grade-4 (Ti), Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), and tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia (zirconia) were evaluated as adherent materials. Plates of each material were polished, primed for the respective resin cements, and cemented using either methyl methacrylate-based resin cement (Super-Bond) or composite-based resin cement (Panavia). The cemented samples were subjected to 10,000 thermocycles alternating between 5 and 55 °C, and the SBS were obtained before and after thermocycling. The sample surfaces were characterized based on surface observations, roughness, and free energy (SFE). RESULTS The SBSs of all materials bonded using Panavia were significantly compromised during thermocycling and reached zero. Although the SBSs of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V bonded using Super-Bond were not significantly affected by thermocycling, those of zirconia decreased significantly. The bond durability between zirconia and Super-Bond was improved via alumina air-abrasion, which caused no significant loss of SBS after thermocycling. Surface analyses of the air-abraded zirconia validated these results and confirmed that its surface roughness and SFE were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS The bond durability between resin cement and zirconia was lower than that between Ti and Ti-6Al-4V. The alumina air-abrasion pretreatment of zirconia improved the SFE and surface roughness, thereby enhancing bond durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Nakamura
- Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka
| | - Tomohiro Kawaguchi
- Section of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka
| | - Pirat Karntiang
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka.,Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani
| | - Kae Kakura
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka
| | - Yusuke Taniguchi
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka
| | - Keita Toyoda
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka
| | - Hirofumi Kido
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka
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Evaluation of the Bonding Strength between Various Dental Zirconia Models and Human Teeth for Dental Posts through In Vitro Aging Tests. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11091017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In dentistry, root canal treatment reduces support of the tooth, making it necessary to insert a cylindrical body into the treated tooth to strengthen the crown. In the past, metal or fiberglass was often used. However, metal is too different in color from teeth, so the esthetics are poor, and fiberglass is not as strong as metal. Therefore, an alternative is zirconia, which has the characteristics of high light transmittance, esthetics, good biocompatibility, and high breaking strength. The surface morphology and composition of zirconia ceramics are the key to their bond strength with teeth. Therefore, in this study, the surface characteristics of different brands of zirconia commonly used in clinical practice were evaluated in terms of their surface morphology and surface elements. The surface was modified by sandblasting, and its effect on the bonding strength was discussed. Finally, the stability of the material was evaluated through artificial aging. The results showed that the surface roughness of the zirconia specimens increased after sandblasting, whereas the surface microhardness decreased. The shear test results showed that the 3D shape of the zirconia surface could help improve the bonding strength. The bonding strength of DeguDent increased the most after sandblasting. After 20,000 cycles of aging treatment, the shear strength of each specimen decreased. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results showed that the adhesive remained intact on the surface of zirconia, indicating that adhesion failure occurred between the adhesive and the teeth. This confirms that sandblasting can improve the bonding strength of zirconia. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the surface roughness of zirconia is the main factor affecting the bond strength.
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Influence of Low-Pressure Plasma on the Surface Properties of CAD-CAM Leucite-Reinforced Feldspar and Resin Matrix Ceramics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10248856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of new ceramic materials for dental restorations is currently a reality; however, little information is available on their surface treatment for the bonding process. Furthermore, surface treatment with plasma on ceramic materials has been recently introduced, although not many studies are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties of a leucite-reinforced feldspar ceramic (LIC) and resin matrix ceramic (RMC) after low-pressure plasma treatment. From each material, 48 discs were prepared and subject to surface treatment. The LIC group was treated by hydrofluoric acid (HF) (LIC-HF), plasma with oxygen (LIC-O2), and plasma with argon (LIC-Ar). The RMC group was treated by sandblasting with alumina (RMC-SB), plasma with oxygen (RMC-O2), and plasma with argon (RMC-Ar). The groups whose surfaces were not subjected to treatment were considered as the control group. Surface wettability and roughness was analyzed. The results showed significant differences among the treatments for both ceramics regarding wettability and roughness. Plasma treatments increased the wettability and had a very low effect on the roughness. Plasma treatments achieved similar values for both surface properties in each ceramic group with no differences between both treatments. Plasma treatment seems to be a promising alternative for ceramic surface treatments since it increased the surface energy of the ceramics analyzed and hardly affects the roughness. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of plasma treatment on the bond strength of ceramics.
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Dos Santos DM, Bitencourt SB, da Silva EVF, Matos AO, Benez GDC, Rangel EC, Pesqueira AA, Barão VAR, Goiato MC. Bond strength of lithium disilicate after cleaning methods of the remaining hydrofluoric acid. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e103-e107. [PMID: 32071690 PMCID: PMC7018474 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different ceramic surface cleaning methods have been suggested after the acid conditioning. The aim was to evaluate the effect of different protocols used to remove the remaining hydrofluoric acid on the shear bond strength (SBS) between lithium disilicate and resin cement.
Material and Methods Forty-four specimens of lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press) were divided in 4 groups (n=11): group C (control, no treatment); group HF+S (5% hydrofluoric acid + silane); group HF+US+S (5% hydrofluoric acid + ultrasound cleaning + silane); group HF+PH+S (5% hydrofluoric acid + 37% phosphoric acid + silane). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to characterize the surface morphology. The SBS test was performed on the resin/ceramic interface, and the failure mode was characterized. SBS values were submitted to 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (α=.05). The relation between surface treatment and failure modes was analyzed using the chi-squared test (α=.05).
Results The surface treatment type interfered in the shear strength (p<.001) and higher SBS values were observed for the groups HF+US+S (17.87 MPa) and HF+PH+S (16.37 MPa). The surface treatment did not influence the failure mode (p=.713). No fluorsilicate salts were observed after ultrasound cleaning.
Conclusions The utilization of ultrasound cleaning was an effective procedure to remove remaining fluorsilicate salts, promoting the highest SBS values. Key words:Bond strength, ceramics, fluorsilicate, lithium disilicate, resin cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela-Micheline Dos Santos
- DDS, PhD, Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro-Basso Bitencourt
- DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emily-Vivianne-Freitas da Silva
- DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adaias-Oliveira Matos
- DDS, MSc, PhD Student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgia-de Castro Benez
- DDS, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elidiane-Cipriano Rangel
- PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldiéris-Alves Pesqueira
- DDS, PhD, Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valentim-Adelino-Ricardo Barão
- DDS, PhD, Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo-Coelho Goiato
- DDS, PhD, Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Güers P, Wille S, Strunskus T, Polonskyi O, Kern M. Durability of resin bonding to zirconia ceramic after contamination and the use of various cleaning methods. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1388-1396. [PMID: 31447058 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of contamination and different cleaning methods on the tensile bond strength with a phosphate monomer containing luting resin to zirconia ceramic. METHODS After the contamination with saliva or silicone disclosing agent, 228 polished and airborne-particle abraded zirconia discs were ultrasonically cleaned with 99% isopropanol. In a second step, the specimens were either treated with argon-oxygen plasma, air plasma, enzymatic cleaning agent or did not undergo an additional cleaning process. Uncontaminated zirconia specimens were used as the control group. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for chemical analysis of the bonding surfaces of specimens. Plexiglas tubes filled with composite resin were bonded to zirconia specimens with a phosphate monomer containing luting resin. Tensile bond strength (TBS) was tested after 3 days or 150 days water storage with 37,500 thermal cycles. RESULTS XPS revealed a decrease of the carbon/oxygen ratio after plasma treatment and an increase after treatment with an enzymatic cleaning agent in all groups. All contaminated specimens showed high and durable TBS after cleaning with a combination of isopropanol and a non-thermal atmospheric plasma. After the cleaning with enzymatic cleaning agent the TBS was significantly reduced in all groups after 150 days thermal cycling. SIGNIFICANCE The combination of isopropanol and plasma cleaning was effective in removing salvia and disclosing agent contamination. Enzymatic clearing agent was not able to remove contamination effectively and had a negative impact on the TBS of non-contaminated specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Güers
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Wille
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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