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Gao L, Liu G, Tan Y, Li R, Zhang C, Gao H, Zhao B. Creep-recovery behaviors of articular cartilage under uniaxial and biaxial tensile loadings. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1085062. [PMID: 36704296 PMCID: PMC9871245 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1085062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Creep deformation in cartilage can be observed under physiological loads in daily activities such as standing, single-leg lunge, the stance phase of gait. If not fully recovered in time, it may induce irreversible damage in cartilage and further lead to early osteoarthritis. In this study, 36 cruciform-shape samples in total from 18 bulls were employed to conduct the uniaxial and biaxial creep-recovery tests by using a biaxial cyclic testing system. Effects of stress level (σ = .5, 1.0, 1.5 MPa) and biaxial stress ratio (B = 0, .3, .5, 1.0) on creep-recovery behaviors of cartilage were characterized. And then, a viscoelastic constitutive model was employed to predict its creep-recovery behaviors. The results showed that the creep strain and its three components, namely instantaneous elastic strain, delayed elastic strain and viscous flow strain, increase with the increasing stress level or with the decreasing biaxial stress ratio. Compared with uniaxial creep-recovery, biaxial creep-recovery exhibits a smaller creep strain, a faster recovery rate of creep strain and a smaller residual strain. Besides, the built viscoelastic model can be used to describe the uniaxial creep-recovery behaviors of cartilage as a good correlation between the fitted results and test results is achieved. The findings are expected to provide new insights into understanding normal joint function and cartilage pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yansong Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Yansong Tan, ; Chunqiu Zhang,
| | - Ruixin Li
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Yansong Tan, ; Chunqiu Zhang,
| | - Hong Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingjie Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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Experimental Study on Creep Characteristics of Microdefect Articular Cartilages in the Damaged Early Stage. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2019; 2019:8526436. [PMID: 31827742 PMCID: PMC6885224 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8526436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic joint injury is known to cause cartilage deterioration and osteoarthritis. In order to study the mechanical mechanism of damage evolution on articular cartilage, taking the fresh porcine articular cartilage as the experimental samples, the creep experiments of the intact cartilages and the cartilages with different depth defect were carried out by using the noncontact digital image correlation technology. And then, the creep constitutive equations of cartilages were established. The results showed that the creep curves of different layers changed exponentially and were not coincident for the cartilage sample. The defect affected the strain values of the creep curves. The creep behavior of cartilage was dependent on defect depth. The deeper the defect was, the larger the strain value was. The built three-parameter viscoelastic constitutive equation had a good correlation with the experimental results and could predict the creep performance of the articular cartilage. The creep values of the microdefective cartilage in the damaged early stage were different from the diseased articular cartilage. These findings pointed out that defect could accelerate the damage of cartilage. It was helpful to study the mechanical mechanism of damage evolution.
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