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Li M, Wang M, Wei L, Werner A, Liu Y. Biomimetic calcium phosphate coating on medical grade stainless steel improves surface properties and serves as a drug carrier for orthodontic applications. Dent Mater 2023; 39:152-161. [PMID: 36610898 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, stainless steel (SSL) miniscrew implants have been used in orthodontic clinics as temporary anchorage devices. Although they have excellent physical properties, their biocompatibility is relatively poor. Previously, our group developed a two-phase biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) coating that can significantly improve the biocompatibility of medical devices. This study aimed to improve the biocompatibility of SSL by coating SSL surface with the BioCaP coating. METHODS Titanium (Ti) discs and SSL discs (diameter: 5 mm, thickness: 1 mm) were used in this study. To form an amorphous layer, the Ti discs were immersed in a biomimetic modified Tyrode solution (BMT) for 24 h. The SSL discs were immersed in the same solution for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. To form a crystalline layer, the discs were then immersed in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution (CPS) for 48 h. The surface properties of the BioCaP coatings were analysed. In addition, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was incorporated into the crystalline layer during biomimetic mineralisation as a model protein. RESULTS The morphology, chemical composition and drug loading capacity of the BioCaP coating on smooth SSL were confirmed. This coating improved roughness and wettability of SSL surface. In vitro, with the extension of BMT coating period, the cell seeding efficiency, cell spreading area and cell proliferation on the BioCaP coating were increased. SIGNIFICANCE These in vitro results show that the BioCaP coating can improve surface properties of smooth medical grade SSL and serve as a carrier system for bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghong Li
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lingfei Wei
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Oral Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China; Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, China
| | - Arie Werner
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Chen J, Zhou Y, Lin X, Li H. Macrophage Polarization Related to Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Coatings: A Preliminary Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:332. [PMID: 36614671 PMCID: PMC9822186 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) coatings were used to deliver bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and enhance osteogenesis. However, the mechanism for BioCaP coatings interacting with the immune response during bone regeneration remains unclear. In this preliminary study, the effect of BioCaP coatings on macrophage polarization without (BioCaP group) or with BMP2 (BioCaP+Inc.BMP2 group) was investigated. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured on the rough and platelike surfaces of coatings in BioCaP and BioCaP+Inc.BMP2 groups, while cultured on smooth surfaces in the group without material for 5 days. The BioCaP coatings per se modulated the switch of M1 to M2 phenotype from day 3, which promoted the expressions of Arg1 and CD 206 but reduced the expression of TNF-α compared with No material group. To detect the microenvironmental changes, the concentrations of calcium ion (Ca2+) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), pH values, as well as calcium phosphate crystal pattern were examined. The trends of ionic environmental changes were closely related with macrophage phenotype switch. These results suggest that BioCaP coating itself may affect the macrophage polarization through surface topography, surrounding ionic environment and calcium phosphate crystal pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210003, China
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xingnan Lin
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Huang Li
- Orthodontic Department, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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Baek JW, Kim KS, Park H, Park NG, Kim BS. Enhanced Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Activity of Marine-Plankton-Derived Whitlockite Bone Granules through Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Incorporation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080399. [PMID: 36004923 PMCID: PMC9405279 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whitlockite (WH) is a calcium-phosphate-based Mg-containing ceramic with good mechanical properties, rapid resorption, and good osteogenicity. Recently, we successfully synthesized highly porous WH granules using a marine plankton exoskeleton (MP-WH). In the present study, we improved the osteoinductive activity of MP-WH granules by bone morphogenetic protein2 (BMP2) (MP-WH/BMP2). The surface morphology and composition of the fabricated MP-WH/BMP2 granules were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The biocompatibility and osteogenic effects were evaluated using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). BMP2 was absorbed on the surfaces of the MP-WH/BMP2 granules. Immobilized BMP2 was released at a moderate rate over 30 days. hMSCs seeded on MP-WH/BMP2 granules became biocompatible, with a better proliferation and adhesion for MP-WH/BMP2, compared with MP-WH. Bone-specific markers Runx2, type I collagen, osteocalcin, and osteopontin were significantly upregulated following BMP2 incorporation. Similar observations were made regarding the alkaline phosphatase activity. This study suggests that BMP2 incorporation improves the osteoinductive activity of marine-plankton-derived WH granules for bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Baek
- Department of R&BD, Cellco Inc., 208, Venture Startup Center, Jeonju University, 303, Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- Department of R&BD, Cellco Inc., 208, Venture Startup Center, Jeonju University, 303, Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea
| | - Ho Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, 514, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Korea
| | - Nak Gyu Park
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea
| | - Beom-Su Kim
- Department of R&BD, Cellco Inc., 208, Venture Startup Center, Jeonju University, 303, Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Korea
- Carbon Nano Convergence Tech Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-226-2235; Fax: +82-63-226-2236
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Li M, Wu G, Wang M, Hunziker EB, Liu Y. Crystalline Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Coating on Mini-Pin Implants to Accelerate Osseointegration and Extend Drug Release Duration for an Orthodontic Application. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142439. [PMID: 35889663 PMCID: PMC9324071 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Miniscrew implants (MSIs) have been widely used as temporary anchorage devices in orthodontic clinics. However, one of their major limitations is the relatively high failure rate. We hypothesize that a biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) coating layer on mini-pin implants might be able to accelerate the osseointegration, and can be a carrier for biological agents. A novel mini-pin implant to mimic the MSIs was used. BioCaP (amorphous or crystalline) coatings with or without the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were applied on such implants and inserted in the metaphyseal tibia in rats. The percentage of bone to implant contact (BIC) in histomorphometric analysis was used to evaluate the osteoconductivity of such implants from six different groups (n=6 rats per group): (1) no coating no BSA group, (2) no coating BSA adsorption group, (3) amorphous BioCaP coating group, (4) amorphous BioCaP coating-incorporated BSA group, (5) crystalline BioCaP coating group, and (6) crystalline BioCaP coating-incorporated BSA group. Samples were retrieved 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks post-surgery. The results showed that the crystalline BioCaP coating served as a drug carrier with a sustained release profile. Furthermore, the significant increase in BIC occurred at week 1 in the crystalline coating group, but at week 2 or week 4 in other groups. These findings indicate that the crystalline BioCaP coating can be a promising surface modification to facilitate early osseointegration and increase the success rate of miniscrew implants in orthodontic clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghong Li
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (G.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (G.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (G.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Ernst B. Hunziker
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Group for Bone Biology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.L.); (G.W.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-2-0598-0626
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Yasunaga M, Kobayashi F, Sogo Y, Murotomi K, Hirose M, Hara Y, Yamazaki M, Ito A. The enhancing effects of heparin on the biological activity of FGF-2 in heparin-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers. Acta Biomater 2022; 148:345-354. [PMID: 35697197 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Orthopedic and dental implants coated with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)-calcium phosphate composite layers promote dermis formation, bone formation, and angiogenesis because of the biological activity of FGF-2. Enhancing the biological activity of FGF-2 in the composite layers is important for its wider application in orthopedics and dentistry. This study incorporated low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) into the FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers and clarified the enhancing effects of LMWH on the biological activity of FGF-2 in the composite layers in vitro. LMWH-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers were successfully formed on zirconia in supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions. The composite layers comprised continuous and macroscopically homogeneous layers and particles smaller than 500 nm in size composed of amorphous calcium phosphate. The amounts of Ca and P deposited on zirconia remained almost unchanged with the addition of LMWH under the presence of FGF-2 in the supersaturated calcium phosphate solution. The LMWH in the supersaturated calcium phosphate solution increased the stability of FGF-2 in the solution and the amount of FGF-2 in the composite layers. The LMWH in the composite layers increased the mitogenic and endothelial tube-forming activities of FGF-2, and FGF-2 activity of inducing osteogenic differentiation gene expression pattern in the composite layers. Our results indicate that the enhanced biological activity of FGF-2 in the LMWH-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers is attributed to an LMWH-mediated increase in the amount of FGF-2, which maintains its biological activity in the supersaturated calcium phosphate solution and the composite layers. The LMWH-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layer is a promising coating for orthopedic and dental implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Orthopedic and dental implants coated with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)-calcium phosphate composite layers promote dermis formation, bone formation, and angiogenesis because of the biological activity of FGF-2. Enhancing the biological activity of FGF-2 in the layers is important for wider its application in orthopedics and dentistry. This study demonstrates the enhancing effects of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) contained within LMWH-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers on the biological activity of FGF-2 in vitro. Our results indicate that the enhanced biological activity of FGF-2 within the composite layers arises from an LMWH-mediated increase in the amount of FGF-2, which maintains its biological activity in the LMWH-FGF-2-calcium phosphate composite layers and supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions used for coating the composite layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Yasunaga
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Fumiko Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Motohiro Hirose
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ito
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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Burdușel AC, Gherasim O, Andronescu E, Grumezescu AM, Ficai A. Inorganic Nanoparticles in Bone Healing Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:770. [PMID: 35456604 PMCID: PMC9027776 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern biomedicine aims to develop integrated solutions that use medical, biotechnological, materials science, and engineering concepts to create functional alternatives for the specific, selective, and accurate management of medical conditions. In the particular case of tissue engineering, designing a model that simulates all tissue qualities and fulfills all tissue requirements is a continuous challenge in the field of bone regeneration. The therapeutic protocols used for bone healing applications are limited by the hierarchical nature and extensive vascularization of osseous tissue, especially in large bone lesions. In this regard, nanotechnology paves the way for a new era in bone treatment, repair and regeneration, by enabling the fabrication of complex nanostructures that are similar to those found in the natural bone and which exhibit multifunctional bioactivity. This review aims to lay out the tremendous outcomes of using inorganic nanoparticles in bone healing applications, including bone repair and regeneration, and modern therapeutic strategies for bone-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cristina Burdușel
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.B.); (O.G.); (A.M.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Oana Gherasim
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.B.); (O.G.); (A.M.G.); (A.F.)
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomiștilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.B.); (O.G.); (A.M.G.); (A.F.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.B.); (O.G.); (A.M.G.); (A.F.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 90–92 Panduri Road, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.B.); (O.G.); (A.M.G.); (A.F.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Coralline Hydroxyapatite Coated with a Layer Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Containing BMP-2 Induces Dose-Related Ectopic Bone Formation in Wistar Rats. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate loading methods and the dose dependency of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in ectopic bone formation, an osteoinductive material consisting of commercially available coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) was coated with a layer of biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) containing BMP-2 in different ways. Eight groups—each containing samples of 0.25 g CHA—were formed and coated with, respectively, BioCaP with internally incorporated BMP-2 in concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 µg per sample, and the two control groups with BioCaP only and BioCaP with 20 µg of adsorbed BMP-2 per sample. The samples were implanted subcutaneously in 27 male Wistar rats. The histological results show that there is no bone formation in the group in which no BMP-2 was included. All samples with BioCaP containing BMP-2 show bone formation. The group with 20 µg of adsorbed BMP-2 per sample shows the least bone formation. Coating-incorporated BMP-2 is more efficient in inducing bone formation than adsorbed BMP-2. The group with 5 µg of coating-incorporated BMP-2 per sample shows the most bone formation. Increasing the amount of coating-incorporated BMP-2 up to 60 µg does not improve ectopic bone formation.
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Carriers, and Animal Models in the Development of Novel Bone Regenerative Therapies. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133513. [PMID: 34202501 PMCID: PMC8269575 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) possess a unique ability to induce new bone formation. Numerous preclinical studies have been conducted to develop novel, BMP-based osteoinductive devices for the management of segmental bone defects and posterolateral spinal fusion (PLF). In these studies, BMPs were combined with a broad range of carriers (natural and synthetic polymers, inorganic materials, and their combinations) and tested in various models in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, sheep, and non-human primates. In this review, we summarized bone regeneration strategies and animal models used for the initial, intermediate, and advanced evaluation of promising therapeutical solutions for new bone formation and repair. Moreover, in this review, we discuss basic aspects to be considered when planning animal experiments, including anatomical characteristics of the species used, appropriate BMP dosing, duration of the observation period, and sample size.
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Zhu H, Blahnová VH, Perale G, Xiao J, Betge F, Boniolo F, Filová E, Lyngstadaas SP, Haugen HJ. Xeno-Hybrid Bone Graft Releasing Biomimetic Proteins Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:619111. [PMID: 33415112 PMCID: PMC7784409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect is a noteworthy health problem and is the second most transplanted tissue after blood. Numerous bone grafts are designed and applied in clinics. Limitations, however, from different aspects still exist, including limited supply, mechanical strength, and bioactivity. In this study, two biomimetic peptides (P2 and P6) are incorporated into a composite bioactive xeno hybrid bone graft named SmartBonePep®, with the aim to increase the bioactivity of the bone graft. The results, which include cytotoxicity, proliferation rate, confocal microscopy, gene expression, and protein qualification, successfully prove that the SmartBonePep® has multi-modal biological effects on human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow. The effective physical entrapment of P6 into a composite xeno-hybrid bone graft, withstanding manufacturing processes including exposure to strong organic solvents and ethylene oxide sterilization, increases the osteogenic potential of the stem cells as well as cell attachment and proliferation. P2 and P6 both show a strong biological potential and may be future candidates for enhancing the clinical performance of bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Veronika Hefka Blahnová
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Biophysics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri S.A., Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Felice Betge
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri S.A., Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Boniolo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Filová
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Biophysics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas
- Corticalis AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Corticalis AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Dental implants are widely used in the field of oral restoration, but there are still problems leading to implant failures in clinical application, such as failed osseointegration, marginal bone resorption, and peri-implantitis, which restrict the success rate of dental implants and patient satisfaction. Poor osseointegration and bacterial infection are the most essential reasons resulting in implant failure. To improve the clinical outcomes of implants, many scholars devoted to modifying the surface of implants, especially to preparing different physical and chemical modifications to improve the osseointegration between alveolar bone and implant surface. Besides, the bioactive-coatings to promote the adhesion and colonization of ossteointegration-related proteins and cells also aim to improve the osseointegration. Meanwhile, improving the anti-bacterial performance of the implant surface can obstruct the adhesion and activity of bacteria, avoiding the occurrence of inflammation related to implants. Therefore, this review comprehensively investigates and summarizes the modifying or coating methods of implant surfaces, and analyzes the ossteointegration ability and anti-bacterial characteristics of emerging functional coatings in published references.
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Xia YJ, Wang W, Xia H, Huang XH, Deng FP, Ying QS, Yu X, Li LH, Wang JH, Zhang Y. Preparation of Coralline Hydroxyapatite Implant with Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Loaded Chitosan Nanospheres and Its Osteogenic Efficacy. Orthop Surg 2020; 12:1947-1953. [PMID: 33080108 PMCID: PMC7767670 DOI: 10.1111/os.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal fusion is one of the most common surgical interventions for spine reconstruction. Despite the efforts to promote osteogenesis after spinal fusion, osteogenesis after spinal fusion remains a clinical challenge and new methods are still needed. The bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a widely reported factor that can facilitate the osteogenesis in spinal fusion. In previous research, we found that the delivery of chitosan nanospheres could promote the effects of BMP-2 on osteogenic activity. The coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) is one of the most frequently used implants in bone fusion. However, up to now no study has focused on the osteogenic efficacy of the CHA composite with recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2)-loaded chitosan nanospheres. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the CHA implant with rhBMP-2-loaded chitosan nanospheres on osteogenesis in spinal fusion. METHODS The rhBMP-2-loaded microspheres and CHA composite (rhBMP-2 microspheres/CHA) were prepared and were used for implantation of the rats. All SD rats were divided into four groups: the rhBMP-2 microspheres/CHA composite group (containing 0.5 mg rhBMP-2), the rhBMP-2-loaded CHA (rhBMP-2/CHA) composite group (containing 0.5 mg rhBMP-2), the blank CHA group, and the negative control group. The microsphere morphology was scanned and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Micro-computed tomography examination and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed 4 weeks after the surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted for histological analysis. Both alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium content were measured. RESULTS The rhBMP-2-loaded CHA (rhBMP-2/CHA) composite was successfully prepared. Spherical regularity and a smooth and unwrinkled surface of the spheres were observed in all chitosan (CS)/rhBMP-2 microspheres. No side effects, infections, or abnormal behaviors were found in the animals. After 4 weeks of surgery, obvious new bone formation and bone fusion could be observed around the implant in both the rhBMP-2 microspheres/CHA composite group and the rhBMP-2/CHA composite group. No ectopic osteogenesis was found in the vertebral canal or other muscle tissues. After 4 weeks of implantation, in both the rhBMP-2 microspheres/CHA composite group and the rhBMP-2/CHA composite group, osteoid tissues could be found, and bone cells, bone marrow, and trabecular bone turned into mature sclerotin, obvious bone tissue formation could be also seen. Both ALP activity and calcium content in the rhBMP-2 microspheres/CHA composite group (6.52 ± 0.50 kat/g and 17.54 ± 2.49 μg/mg) were significantly higher than in all other groups. CONCLUSION The composite with rhBMP-2-loaded CS nanospheres could enhance osteogenic efficacy and increase the ALP activity and calcium content. These results might provide a novel method for osteogenesis in spinal fusion and offer new insight into the role of BMP-2 in osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jun Xia
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Hua Huang
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Piao Deng
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Shui Ying
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
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