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Kakabadze Z, Paresishvili T. Intravital tumor decellularization as a new approach to cancer treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4192-4207. [PMID: 37818079 PMCID: PMC10560955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the possibility of tumor decellularization in living animals. Subcutaneous Ehrlich tumor induced by isolated Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells in mice was used as a model. The study also presents methods for ex vivo decellularization of human gastric adenocarcinoma (HGA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rat. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 were used as detergents for tumor decellularization. The detergents for HGA and HCC were administered through organ vessels. For intravital decellularization of Ehrlich's subcutaneous tumor, detergents were injected directly into the tumor parenchyma. The results of the study showed that the effectiveness of tumor decellularization using SDS and Triton X-100 depended on the size, structure, stiffness and density of the tumor, as well as on the concentration, route and speed of detergent administration. The study also showed that an hour after the initiation of decellularization, the central part of Ehrlich's tumor changed the color, and after three hours, it completely acquired a translucent white color. Chemical contamination of tissues surrounding the tumor with the detergents was not observed. Histological studies showed the complete absence of all cellular components of Ehrlich's tumor and a slightly deformed extracellular matrix (ECM). There were no loco-regional recurrences or metastases of Ehrlich's tumor within 150 days after decellularization. The developed intravital decellularization method allows the effective removal of the cellular components and the DNA content of Ehrlich's subcutaneous tumor without compromising animal health. Additionally, this method can destroy tumor ECM, which will significantly improve the delivery of anticancer drugs to the tumor cells. However, more detailed and extensive studies are needed to develop an in vivo technique for isolated decellularization of the tumor or a part of the organ with the tumor. It is also necessary to identify less toxic decellularization agents and to develop the most efficient route for their delivery to the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurab Kakabadze
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Teona Paresishvili
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
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Li K, Tharwat M, Larson EL, Felgendreff P, Hosseiniasl SM, Rmilah AA, Safwat K, Ross JJ, Nyberg SL. Re-Endothelialization of Decellularized Liver Scaffolds: A Step for Bioengineered Liver Transplantation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:833163. [PMID: 35360393 PMCID: PMC8960611 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.833163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered livers (BELs) are an attractive therapeutic alternative to address the donor organ shortage for liver transplantation. The goal of BELs technology aims at replacement or regeneration of the native human liver. A variety of approaches have been proposed for tissue engineering of transplantable livers; the current review will highlight the decellularization-recellularization approach to BELs. For example, vascular patency and appropriate cell distribution and expansion are critical components in the production of successful BELs. Proper solutions to these components of BELs have challenged its development. Several strategies, such as heparin immobilization, heparin-gelatin, REDV peptide, and anti-CD31 aptamer have been developed to extend the vascular patency of revascularized bioengineered livers (rBELs). Other novel methods have been developed to enhance cell seeding of parenchymal cells and to increase graft functionality during both bench and in vivo perfusion. These enhanced methods have been associated with up to 15 days of survival in large animal (porcine) models of heterotopic transplantation but have not yet permitted extended survival after implantation of BELs in the orthotopic position. This review will highlight both the remaining challenges and the potential for clinical application of functional bioengineered grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Li
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohammad Tharwat
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ellen L. Larson
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Philipp Felgendreff
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Anan Abu Rmilah
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Khaled Safwat
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Scott L. Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Scott L. Nyberg,
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Jaber FL, Sharma Y, Mui BG, Kapoor S, Gupta S. Tumor Necrosis Factor Directs Allograft-Related Innate Responses and Its Neutralization Improves Hepatocyte Engraftment in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:79-89. [PMID: 33127336 PMCID: PMC7768347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a critical role in allograft rejection. Alloresponses involve numerous cytokines, chemokines, and receptors that cause tissue injury during rejection. To dissect these inflammatory mechanisms, we developed cell transplantation models in dipeptidylpeptidase-deficient F344 rats using mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus for partial lymphocyte-directed immunosuppression. Syngeneic hepatocytes engrafted in liver, whereas allogeneic hepatocytes were rejected but engrafted after immunosuppression. These transplants induced mRNAs for >40 to 50 cytokines, chemokines, and receptors. In allografts, innate cell type-related regulatory networks extended to granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Activation of Tnfa and its receptors or major chemokine receptor-ligand subsets persisted in the long term. An examination of the contribution of Tnfa in allograft response revealed that it was prospectively antagonized by etanercept or thalidomide, which resolved cytokine, chemokine, and receptor cascades. In bioinformatics analysis of upstream regulator networks, the Cxcl8 pathway exhibited dominance despite immunosuppression. Significantly, Tnfa antagonism silenced the Cxcl8 pathway and decreased neutrophil and Kupffer cell recruitment, resulting in multifold greater engraftment of allogeneic hepatocytes and substantially increased liver repopulation in retrorsine/partial hepatectomy model. We conclude that Tnfa is a major driver for persistent innate immune responses after allogeneic cells. Neutralizing Tnfa should help in avoiding rejection and associated tissue injury in the allograft setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Luc Jaber
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yogeshwar Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Brandon G Mui
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sorabh Kapoor
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Diabetes Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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