1
|
Yeo M, Sarkar A, Singh YP, Derman ID, Datta P, Ozbolat IT. Synergistic coupling between 3D bioprinting and vascularization strategies. Biofabrication 2023; 16:012003. [PMID: 37944186 PMCID: PMC10658349 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad0b3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting offers promising solutions to the complex challenge of vascularization in biofabrication, thereby enhancing the prospects for clinical translation of engineered tissues and organs. While existing reviews have touched upon 3D bioprinting in vascularized tissue contexts, the current review offers a more holistic perspective, encompassing recent technical advancements and spanning the entire multistage bioprinting process, with a particular emphasis on vascularization. The synergy between 3D bioprinting and vascularization strategies is crucial, as 3D bioprinting can enable the creation of personalized, tissue-specific vascular network while the vascularization enhances tissue viability and function. The review starts by providing a comprehensive overview of the entire bioprinting process, spanning from pre-bioprinting stages to post-printing processing, including perfusion and maturation. Next, recent advancements in vascularization strategies that can be seamlessly integrated with bioprinting are discussed. Further, tissue-specific examples illustrating how these vascularization approaches are customized for diverse anatomical tissues towards enhancing clinical relevance are discussed. Finally, the underexplored intraoperative bioprinting (IOB) was highlighted, which enables the direct reconstruction of tissues within defect sites, stressing on the possible synergy shaped by combining IOB with vascularization strategies for improved regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miji Yeo
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Anwita Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Yogendra Pratap Singh
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Irem Deniz Derman
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Pallab Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana 01130, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maksoud FJ, Velázquez de la Paz MF, Hann AJ, Thanarak J, Reilly GC, Claeyssens F, Green NH, Zhang YS. Porous biomaterials for tissue engineering: a review. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8111-8165. [PMID: 36205119 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02628c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The field of biomaterials has grown rapidly over the past decades. Within this field, porous biomaterials have played a remarkable role in: (i) enabling the manufacture of complex three-dimensional structures; (ii) recreating mechanical properties close to those of the host tissues; (iii) facilitating interconnected structures for the transport of macromolecules and cells; and (iv) behaving as biocompatible inserts, tailored to either interact or not with the host body. This review outlines a brief history of the development of biomaterials, before discussing current materials proposed for use as porous biomaterials and exploring the state-of-the-art in their manufacture. The wide clinical applications of these materials are extensively discussed, drawing on specific examples of how the porous features of such biomaterials impact their behaviours, as well as the advantages and challenges faced, for each class of the materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Junior Maksoud
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - María Fernanda Velázquez de la Paz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Alice J Hann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Jeerawan Thanarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Gwendolen C Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK. .,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK. .,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Nicola H Green
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Building, North Campus, Broad Lane, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK. .,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Potere F, Belgio B, Croci GA, Tabano S, Petrini P, Dubini G, Boschetti F, Mantero S. 3D bioprinting of multi-layered segments of a vessel-like structure with ECM and novel derived bioink. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:918690. [PMID: 36061430 PMCID: PMC9437706 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.918690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3D-Bioprinting leads to the realization of tridimensional customized constructs to reproduce the biological structural complexity. The new technological challenge focuses on obtaining a 3D structure with several distinct layers to replicate the hierarchical organization of natural tissues. This work aims to reproduce large blood vessel substitutes compliant with the original tissue, combining the advantages of the 3D bioprinting, decellularization, and accounting for the presence of different cells. The decellularization process was performed on porcine aortas. Various decellularization protocols were tested and evaluated through DNA extraction, quantification, and amplification by PCR to define the adequate one. The decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), lyophilized and solubilized, was combined with gelatin, alginate, and cells to obtain a novel bioink. Several solutions were tested, tuning the percentage of the components to obtain the adequate structural properties. The geometrical model of the large blood vessel constructs was designed with SolidWorks, and the construct slicing was done using the HeartWare software, which allowed generating the G-Code. The final constructs were 3D bioprinted with the Inkredible + using dual print heads. The composition of the bioink was tuned so that it could withstand the printing of a segment of a tubular construct up to 10 mm and reproduce the multicellular complexity. Among the several compositions tested, the suspension resulting from 8% w/v gelatin, 7% w/v alginate, and 3% w/v dECM, and cells successfully produced the designed structures. With this bioink, it was possible to print structures made up of 20 layers. The dimensions of the printed structures were consistent with the designed ones. We were able to avoid the double bioink overlap in the thickness, despite the increase in the number of layers during the printing process. The optimization of the parameters allowed the production of structures with a height of 20 layers corresponding to 9 mm. Theoretical and real structures were very close. The differences were 14% in height, 20% internal diameter, and 9% thickness. By tailoring the printing parameters and the amount of dECM, adequate mechanical properties could be met. In this study, we developed an innovative printable bioink able to finely reproduce the native complex structure of the large blood vessel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Potere
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federica Potere,
| | - Beatrice Belgio
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Alberto Croci
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università, Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università, Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Dubini
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Boschetti
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mantero
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sodium Alginate/Chitosan Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering: The Influence of Its Three-Dimensional Material Preparation and the Use of Gold Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163233. [PMID: 36015490 PMCID: PMC9414310 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural biopolymer scaffolds and conductive nanomaterials have been widely used in cardiac tissue engineering; however, there are still challenges in the scaffold fabrication, which include enhancing nutrient delivery, biocompatibility and properties that favor the growth, maturation and functionality of the generated tissue for therapeutic application. In the present work, different scaffolds prepared with sodium alginate and chitosan (alginate/chitosan) were fabricated with and without the addition of metal nanoparticles and how their fabrication affects cardiomyocyte growth was evaluated. The scaffolds (hydrogels) were dried by freeze drying using calcium gluconate as a crosslinking agent, and two types of metal nanoparticles were incorporated, gold (AuNp) and gold plus sodium alginate (AuNp+Alg). A physicochemical characterization of the scaffolds was carried out by swelling, degradation, permeability and infrared spectroscopy studies. The results show that the scaffolds obtained were highly porous (>90%) and hydrophilic, with swelling percentages of around 3000% and permeability of the order of 1 × 10−8 m2. In addition, the scaffolds proposed favored adhesion and spheroid formation, with cardiac markers expression such as tropomyosin, troponin I and cardiac myosin. The incorporation of AuNp+Alg increased cardiac protein expression and cell proliferation, thus demonstrating their potential use in cardiac tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Huang Y. Rational Design of Smart Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Front Chem 2021; 8:615665. [PMID: 33614595 PMCID: PMC7889811 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.615665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are polymeric three-dimensional network structures with high water content. Due to their superior biocompatibility and low toxicity, hydrogels play a significant role in the biomedical fields. Hydrogels are categorized by the composition from natural polymers to synthetic polymers. To meet the complicated situation in the biomedical applications, suitable host–guest supramolecular interactions are rationally selected. This review will have an introduction of hydrogel classification based on the formulation molecules, and then a discussion over the rational design of the intelligent hydrogel to the environmental stimuli such as temperature, irradiation, pH, and targeted biomolecules. Further, the applications of rationally designed smart hydrogels in the biomedical field will be presented, such as tissue repair, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. Finally, the perspectives and the challenges of smart hydrogels will be outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yishun Huang
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Center of Fujian Province, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Patarroyo JL, Florez-Rojas JS, Pradilla D, Valderrama-Rincón JD, Cruz JC, Reyes LH. Formulation and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for the Encapsulation of Kluyveromyces lactis-Applications in Packed-Bed Reactors and Probiotics Delivery in Humans. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061287. [PMID: 32512791 PMCID: PMC7362005 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main issues when orally administering microorganism-based probiotics is the significant loss of bioactivity as they pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To overcome these issues, here, we propose to encapsulate the probiotic yeast Kluyveromyces lactis on chemically crosslinked gelatin hydrogels as a means to protect the bioactive agents in different environments. Hydrogels were prepared by the chemical crosslinking of gelatin, which is commercially available and inexpensive. This is crucial to ensure scalability and cost-effectiveness. To explore changes in key physicochemical parameters and their impact on cell viability, we varied the concentration of the crosslinking agent (glutaraldehyde) and the gelatin. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized in terms of morphological, physical-chemical, mechanical, thermal and rheological properties. This comprehensive characterization allowed us to identify critical parameters to facilitate encapsulation and enhance cell survival. Mainly due to pore size in the range of 5-10 μm, sufficient rigidity (breaking forces of about 1 N), low brittleness and structural stability under swelling and relatively high shear conditions, we selected hydrogels with a high concentration of gelatin (7.5% (w/v)) and concentrations of the crosslinking agent of 3.0% and 5.0% (w/w) for cell encapsulation. Yeasts were encapsulated with an efficiency of about 10% and subsequently tested in bioreactor operation and GI tract simulated media, thereby leading to cell viability levels that approached 95% and 50%, respectively. After testing, the hydrogels' firmness was only reduced to half of the initial value and maintained resistance to shear even under extreme pH conditions. The mechanisms underlying the observed mechanical response will require further investigation. These encouraging results, added to the superior structural stability after the treatments, indicate that the proposed encapsulates are suitable to overcome most of the major issues of oral administration of probiotics and open the possibility to explore additional biotech applications further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Patarroyo
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC 111711, USA; (J.L.P.); (J.S.F.-R.); (D.P.)
| | - Juan Sebastian Florez-Rojas
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC 111711, USA; (J.L.P.); (J.S.F.-R.); (D.P.)
| | - Diego Pradilla
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC 111711, USA; (J.L.P.); (J.S.F.-R.); (D.P.)
| | | | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC 111711, USA
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.); (L.H.R.); Tel.: +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1789) (J.C.C.); +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1702) (L.H.R.)
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC 111711, USA; (J.L.P.); (J.S.F.-R.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.); (L.H.R.); Tel.: +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1789) (J.C.C.); +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1702) (L.H.R.)
| |
Collapse
|