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Shi X, Ma Y, Liao Y, Ho HL. Rapid and quantitative detection of DNA hybridization using a simplified Fabry-Perot interferometric biosensor. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13367-13373. [PMID: 38660529 PMCID: PMC11040546 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01390e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a miniaturized fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometric biosensor, distinctively engineered for cost-effective, rapid, and quantitative DNA sequence detection. By leveraging the interference patterns generated within a Fabry-Perot microcavity, our sensor precisely monitors DNA hybridization events in real-time. We have verified the sensor's biofunctionalization via fluorescent labeling and have extensively validated its performance through numerous hybridization and regeneration cycles with 1 μM single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) solutions. Demonstrating remarkable repeatability and reusability, the sensor effectively discerns ssDNA sequences exhibiting varying degrees of mismatches. Its ability to accurately distinguish between sequences with 2 and 7 mismatches underscores its potential as a valuable asset for swift DNA analysis. Characterized by its rapid response time-typically yielding results within 6 minutes-and its adeptness at mismatch identification, our biosensor stands as a potent tool for facilitating accelerated DNA diagnostics and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- School of Microelectronics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Yipeng Liao
- School of Microelectronics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Hoi Lut Ho
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China
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2
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Chen T, Jiang H, Xie K, Xia H. A Small Highly Sensitive Glucose Sensor Based on a Glucose Oxidase-Modified U-Shaped Microfiber. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:684. [PMID: 38276375 PMCID: PMC10820248 DOI: 10.3390/s24020684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes patients need to monitor blood glucose all year round. In this article, a novel scheme is proposed for blood glucose detection. The proposed sensor is based on a U-shaped microfiber prepared using hydrogen-oxygen flame-heating technology, and then 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glucose oxidase (GOD) are successively coated on the surface of the U-shaped microfiber via a coating technique. The glucose reacts with the GOD of the sensor surface to produce gluconic acid, which changes the effective refractive index and then shifts the interference wavelength. The structure and morphology of the sensor were characterized via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser microscopy (CLM). The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is as high as 5.73 nm/(mg/mL). Compared with the glucose sensor composed of the same material, the sensitivity of the sensor increased by 329%. The proposed sensor has a broad application prospect in blood glucose detection of diabetic patients due to the advantages of miniaturization, high sensitivity, and good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingkuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Kang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Hongyan Xia
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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3
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Srivastava A, Azad UP. Nanobioengineered surface comprising carbon based materials for advanced biosensing and biomedical application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126802. [PMID: 37690641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) are at the cutting edge of materials science. Due to their distinctive architectures, substantial surface area, favourable biocompatibility, and reactivity to internal and/or external chemico-physical stimuli, carbon-based nanomaterials are becoming more and more significant in a wide range of applications. Numerous research has been conducted and still is going on to investigate the potential uses of carbon-based hybrid materials for diverse applications such as biosensing, bioimaging, smart drug delivery with the potential for theranostic or combinatorial therapies etc. This review is mainly focused on the classifications and synthesis of various types of CNMs and their electroanalytical application for development of efficient and ultra-sensitive electrochemical biosensors for the point of care diagnosis of fatal and severe diseases at their very initial stage. This review is mainly focused on the classification, synthesis and application of carbon-based material for biosensing applications. The integration of various types of CNMs with nanomaterials, enzymes, redox mediators and biomarkers have been used discussed in development of smart biosensing platform. We have also made an effort to discuss the future prospects for these CNMs in the biosensing area as well as the most recent advancements and applications which will be quite useful for the researchers working across the globe working specially in biosensors field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Uday Pratap Azad
- Laboratory of Nanoelectrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Bilaspur 495 009, CG, India.
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4
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Chen R, Guo C, Lan G, Luo P, Yi J, Wei W. Highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with surface modified MoSe 2/ZnO composite film for non-enzymatic glucose detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115469. [PMID: 37329804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate assessment of glucose concentration has been demonstrated to play a significant role in human health, such as the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, pharmaceutical research and quality monitoring in the food industry, necessitating further development of the performance for glucose sensor especially at low concentrations. However, glucose oxidase-based sensors suffer from crucial restriction in bioactivity because of their poor environmental tolerance. Recently, catalytic nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking activity, known as nanozymes, have gained considerable interest to overcome the drawback. In this scenario, we report an inspiring surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for non-enzymatic glucose detection employing ZnO nanoparticles and MoSe2 nanosheets composite (MoSe2/ZnO) as sensing film, featuring desirable advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity, lab-free and low cost. The ZnO was used to specifically recognize and bind glucose, and further signal amplification was realized by incorporating of MoSe2 owing to its larger specific surface area and favorable bio-compatibility, as well as high electron mobility. These unique features of MoSe2/ZnO composite film result in an obvious improvement of sensitivity for glucose detection. Experimental results show that the measurement sensitivity of the proposed sensor could reach 72.17 nm/(mg/mL) and a detection limit of 4.16 μg/mL by appropriately optimizing the componential constitutions of MoSe2/ZnO composite. In addition, the favorable selectivity, repeatability and stability are demonstrated as well. This facile and cost-effective work provides a novel strategy for constructing high-performance SPR sensor for glucose detection and a prospective application in biomedicine and human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Caicheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Guilian Lan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Juemin Yi
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China; Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Di S, Yu J, Wang L, Li Z. Recent advances of graphene-biomacromolecule nanocomposites in medical applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:500-518. [PMID: 36541392 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01962k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, graphene-based composites have received increasing attention due to their high biocompatibility, large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity and unique mechanical properties. The combination of biomacromolecules and graphene provides a promising route for the preparation of novel graphene-based nanocomposites. Novel graphene-based nanocomposites with unique functions could be applied to medicine, biology, biosensors, environmental science, energy storage and other fields. Graphene-biomacromolecule nanocomposites have excellent biocompatibility, outstanding biofunctionality and low cytotoxicity, and have more advantages and development prospects than other traditional graphene-based materials in biological and biomedical fields. In this work, we summarize the research on the covalent and non-covalent interactions between different biomacromolecules (peptides, DNA/RNA, proteins and enzymes) and graphene, as well as the synthesis methods of novel functionalized graphene-biomacromolecule composites in recent years. We mainly introduce the recent advances (last 5 years) of graphene-biomacromolecule nanocomposites in medical applications, such as medical detection and disease treatment. We hope that this review will help readers to understand the methods and mechanisms of biomolecules modifying the surface of graphene, as well as the synthesis and application of graphene-based nanocomposites, which will promote the future developments of graphene-biomolecule composites in biomedicine, tissue engineering, materials engineering, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China.
| | - Shuhan Di
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China.
| | - Jinhui Yu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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6
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Kumar S, Wang Z, Zhang W, Liu X, Li M, Li G, Zhang B, Singh R. Optically Active Nanomaterials and Its Biosensing Applications-A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13010085. [PMID: 36671920 PMCID: PMC9855722 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses optically active nanomaterials and their optical biosensing applications. In addition to enhancing their sensitivity, these nanomaterials also increase their biocompatibility. For this reason, nanomaterials, particularly those based on their chemical compositions, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, inorganic-based nanomaterials, organic-based nanomaterials, and composite-based nanomaterials for biosensing applications are investigated thoroughly. These nanomaterials are used extensively in the field of fiber optic biosensing to improve response time, detection limit, and nature of specificity. Consequently, this article describes contemporary and application-based research that will be of great use to researchers in the nanomaterial-based optical sensing field. The difficulties encountered during the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials are also enumerated, and their future prospects are outlined for the reader's benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Zhi Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xuecheng Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Muyang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Guoru Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Ragini Singh
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.S.)
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7
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Li B, Zhang R, Bi R, Olivo M. Applications of Optical Fiber in Label-Free Biosensors and Bioimaging: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:64. [PMID: 36671899 PMCID: PMC9855469 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biosensing and bioimaging are essential in understanding biological and pathological processes in a living system, for example, in detecting and understanding certain diseases. Optical fiber has made remarkable contributions to the biosensing and bioimaging areas due to its unique advantages of compact size, immunity to electromagnetic interference, biocompatibility, fast response, etc. This review paper will present an overview of seven common types of optical fiber biosensors and optical fiber-based ultrasound detection in photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and the applications of these technologies in biosensing and bioimaging areas. Of course, there are many types of optical fiber biosensors. Still, this paper will review the most common ones: optical fiber grating, surface plasmon resonance, Sagnac interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Michelson interferometer, Fabry-Perot Interferometer, lossy mode resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Furthermore, different optical fiber techniques for detecting ultrasound in PAI are summarized. Finally, the main challenges and future development direction are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renzhe Bi
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.O.); Tel.: +65-6824-7003 (M.O.)
| | - Malini Olivo
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.O.); Tel.: +65-6824-7003 (M.O.)
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8
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Qiu S, Wu X, Li Z, Xu X, Wang J, Du Y, Pan W, Huang R, Wu Y, Yang Z, Zhou Q, Zhou B, Gao X, Xu Y, Cui W, Gao F, Geng D. A Smart Nanoreactor Based on an O 2-Economized Dual Energy Inhibition Strategy Armed with Dual Multi-stimuli-Responsive "Doorkeepers" for Enhanced CDT/PTT of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17062-17079. [PMID: 36153988 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Activated fibroblast-like synovial (FLS) cells are regarded as an important target for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment via starvation therapy mediated by glucose oxidase (GOx). However, the hypoxic RA-FLS environment greatly reduces the oxidation process of glucose and leads to a poor therapeutic effect of the GOx-based starvation therapy. In this work, we designed a hollow mesoporous copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs)-based smart GOx/atovaquone (ATO) codelivery system (named as V-HAGC) targeting RA-FLS cells to realize a O2-economized dual energy inhibition strategy to solve the limitation of GOx-based starvation therapy. V-HAGC armed with dual multi-stimuli-responsive "doorkeepers" can guard drugs intelligently. Once under the stimulation of photothermal and acidic conditions at the targeted area, the dual intelligent responsive "doors" would orderly open to realize the controllable release of drugs. Besides, the efficacy of V-HAGC would be much improved by the additional chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) stimulated by CuS NPs. Meanwhile, the upregulated H2O2 and acid levels by starvation therapy would promote the Fenton-like reaction of CuS NPs under O2-economized dual energy inhibition, which could enhance the PTT and CDT efficacy as well. In vitro and in vivo evaluations revealed V-HAGC with much improved efficacy of this combination therapy for RA. In general, the smart V-HAGC based on the O2-economized dual energy inhibition strategy combined with enhanced CDT and PTT has the potential to be an alternative methodology in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xiunan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yawei Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhen Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Pingyin People's Hospital, Shandong Jinan 250000, P.R. China
| | - Ruqi Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xuren Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fenglei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221004, P.R. China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
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Li M, Singh R, Wang Y, Marques C, Zhang B, Kumar S. Advances in Novel Nanomaterial-Based Optical Fiber Biosensors-A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100843. [PMID: 36290980 PMCID: PMC9599727 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a concise summary of current advancements in novel nanomaterial-based optical fiber biosensors. The beneficial optical and biological properties of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticle size-dependent signal amplification, plasmon resonance, and charge-transfer capabilities, are widely used in biosensing applications. Due to the biocompatibility and bioreceptor combination, the nanomaterials enhance the sensitivity, limit of detection, specificity, and response time of sensing probes, as well as the signal-to-noise ratio of fiber optic biosensing platforms. This has established a practical method for improving the performance of fiber optic biosensors. With the aforementioned outstanding nanomaterial properties, the development of fiber optic biosensors has been efficiently promoted. This paper reviews the application of numerous novel nanomaterials in the field of optical fiber biosensing and provides a brief explanation of the fiber sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Ragini Singh
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Carlos Marques
- Department of Physics & I3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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10
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Zhong J, Liu S, Zou T, Yan W, Chen P, Liu B, Sun Z, Wang Y. High-Sensitivity Optical Fiber-Based Glucose Sensor Using Helical Intermediate-Period Fiber Grating. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6824. [PMID: 36146172 PMCID: PMC9501600 DOI: 10.3390/s22186824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An all-fiber glucose sensor is proposed and demonstrated based on a helical intermediate-period fiber grating (HIPFG) produced by using a hydrogen/oxygen flame heating method. The HIPFG, with a grating length of 1.7 cm and a period of 35 μm, presents four sets of double dips with low insertion losses and strong coupling strengths in the transmission spectrum. The HIPFG possesses an averaged refractive index (RI) sensitivity of 213.6 nm/RIU nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.33-1.36 and a highest RI sensitivity of 472 nm/RIU at RI of 1.395. In addition, the HIPFG is demonstrated with a low-temperature sensitivity of 3.67 pm/°C, which promises a self-temperature compensation in glucose detection. In the glucose-sensing test, the HIPFG sensor manifests a detection sensitivity of 0.026 nm/(mg/mL) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 mg/mL. Moreover, the HIPFG sensor exhibits good stability in 2 h, indicating its capacity for long-time detection. The properties of easy fabrication, high flexibility, insensitivity to temperature, and good stability of the proposed HIPFG endow it with a promising potential for long-term and compact biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Tings, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Tings, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tao Zou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Tings, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenqi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Tings, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Peijing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Tings, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Tings, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Tings, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Tings, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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11
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Renganathan B, Krishna Rao S, Ganesan A, Deepak A. Performance study of Ce doped ZnO Clad modified fiber optic Glucose sensor for blood sugar detection at various temperatures. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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12
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Zhang W, Ye W, Wang Y, Yan Y. Microfluidic fabrication of tunable alginate-based microfibers for the stable immobilization of enzymes. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2200098. [PMID: 35544361 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes have drawn extensive attention due to their enhanced stability, easy separation from reaction mixture, and prominent recyclability. Nevertheless, it is still an ongoing challenge to develop potent immobilization techniques which are capable of stable enzyme encapsulation, minimal loss of activity, and modulability for various enzymes and applications. Here, microfibers with tunable size and composition were fabricated using a home-made microfluidic device. These microfibers were able to efficiently encapsulate bovine serum albumin (BSA), glucose oxidase (GOx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). But the physically adsorbed enzymes readily diffused into the catalytic reaction system. The leakage of enzymes could be substantially inhibited by conjugating to polyacrylic acid (PAA) and incorporating into alginate-based microfibers, enabling stable immobilization, improved recyclability, and enhanced thermostability. In addition, GOx and HRP-loaded microfibers were fabricated under the optimized conditions for the visual detection of glucose using the cascade reaction of these enzymes, showing sensitive color change to glucose with concentration range of 0-2 mM. Due to the tunability and versatility, this microfluidic-based microfiber platform may provide a valuable approach to the enzyme immobilization for the cascade catalysis and diagnoses with multiple clinical markers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310034, China
| | - Wenbo Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310034, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310034, China
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310034, China
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13
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Huang C, Zhou Y, Yu G, Zeng J, Li Q, Shen K, Wu X, Guo R, Zhang C, Zheng B, Wang J. Glutathione-functionalized long-period fiber gratings sensor based on surface plasmon resonance for detection of As 3+ ions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32. [PMID: 34359058 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1b56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of simple and accurate methods for the detection of As3+is highly desirable and technically important. In this work, a highly sensitive and selective long-period fiber gratings sensor based on surface plasmon resonance was developed for As3+detection by designing glutathione-functionalized Au nanoparticles as a signal amplification tag. Based on the chemical interaction between As3+and glutathione, the self-assembling glutathione on the surface of the gold film combines selectively with As3+, and then anchors the glutathione-functionalized Au nanoparticles, which changes the refractive index of the surrounding environment, resulting in a shift of the transmission spectrum. Results show that the sensor could detect As3+with concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 2 ppb. The sensor exhibited excellent specificity for As3+against other metal ions, such as Na+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Ba2+, and Co3+. The fiber sensor was successfully employed to detect As3+in pond water samples, demonstrating that it has the potential for As3+detection with the advantages of low cost, high sensitivity, and a simple structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Center for Advanced Marine Materials and Smart Sensors, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwu Zhou
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Genjian Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Ocean College of Minjiang University, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Ocean College of Minjiang University, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaize Shen
- Ocean College of Minjiang University, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejin Wu
- Ocean College of Minjiang University, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxiang Guo
- Ocean College of Minjiang University, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Center for Advanced Marine Materials and Smart Sensors, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Zheng
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Center for Advanced Marine Materials and Smart Sensors, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Center for Advanced Marine Materials and Smart Sensors, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
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14
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Okazaki T, Orii T, Tan SY, Watanabe T, Taguchi A, Rahman FA, Kuramitz H. Potential-Scanning Sensing for Refractive Index Using an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)-Coated Long-Period Fiber Grating (LPFG). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1951749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Okazaki
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Orii
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-Yinn Tan
- Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Tomoaki Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Taguchi
- Hydrogen Isotope Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Faidz A. Rahman
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan
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15
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Graphene for Biosensing Applications in Point-of-Care Testing. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:1065-1077. [PMID: 33573848 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene-related materials (GRMs) exhibit a unique combination of electronic, optical, and electrochemical properties, which make them ideally suitable for ultrasensitive and selective point-of-care testing (POCT) devices. POCT device-based applications in diagnostics require test results to be readily accessible anywhere to produce results within a short analysis timeframe. This review article provides a summary of methods and latest developments in the field of graphene and GRM-based biosensing in POCT and an overview of the main applications of the latter in nucleic acids and enzymatic biosensing, cell detection, and immunosensing. For each application, we discuss scientific and technological advances along with the remaining challenges, outlining future directions for widespread use of this technology in biomedical applications.
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16
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Graphene-based nanomaterial system: a boon in the era of smart nanocarriers. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Esposito F, Sansone L, Srivastava A, Baldini F, Campopiano S, Chiavaioli F, Giordano M, Giannetti A, Iadicicco A. Long period grating in double cladding fiber coated with graphene oxide as high-performance optical platform for biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 172:112747. [PMID: 33129073 PMCID: PMC7581380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the development and testing of a novel fiber-optic based label-free biosensor is presented, whose performance were verified through the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum. The device is based on a long period grating fabricated in a double cladding fiber with a W-shaped refractive index (RI) profile. As a result, the working point of the device was tuned to the mode transition region by chemical etching of the outer fiber cladding, obtaining a significant enhancement of the RI sensitivity and an excellent visibility of the grating resonances due to the mode transition in an all-silica structure. The fiber transducer was coated with a nanometric thin layer of graphene oxide in order to provide functional groups for the covalent immobilization of the biological recognition element. A very low limit of detection of about 0.15 ng/mL was obtained during the detection of CRP in serum, and a large working range (1 ng/mL - 100 μg/mL) of clinical relevance has been also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Esposito
- Department of Engineering, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Sansone
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Anubhav Srivastava
- Department of Engineering, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefania Campopiano
- Department of Engineering, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiavaioli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Michele Giordano
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Agostino Iadicicco
- Department of Engineering, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
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18
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Kornilov DY, Gubin SP. Graphene Oxide: Structure, Properties, Synthesis, and Reduction (A Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023620130021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Okazaki T, Orii T, Tan SY, Watanabe T, Taguchi A, Rahman FA, Kuramitz H. Electrochemical Long Period Fiber Grating Sensing for Electroactive Species. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9714-9721. [PMID: 32551577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present an electrochemical long period fiber grating (LPFG) sensor for electroactive species with an optically transparent electrode. The sensor was fabricated by coating indium tin oxide onto the surface of LPFG using a polygonal barrel-sputtering method. LPFG was produced by an electric arc-induced technique. The sensing is based on change in the detection of electron density on the electrode surface during potential application and its reduction by electrochemical redox of analytes. Four typical electroactive species of methylene blue, hexaammineruthenium(III), ferrocyanide, and ferrocenedimethanol were used to investigate the sensor performance. The concentrations of analytes were determined by the modulation of the potential as the change in transmittance around the resonance band of LPFG. The sensitivity of the sensor, particularly to methylene blue, was high, and the sensor responded to a wide concentration range of 0.001 mM to 1 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Okazaki
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Orii
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Yinn Tan
- Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 39100 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Tomoaki Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Akira Taguchi
- Hydrogen Isotope Research Center, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Faidz A Rahman
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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20
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Şerban I, Enesca A. Metal Oxides-Based Semiconductors for Biosensors Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:354. [PMID: 32509722 PMCID: PMC7248172 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present mini review contains a concessive overview on the recent achievement regarding the implementation of a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) in biosensors used in biological and environmental systems. The paper explores the pathway of enhancing the sensing characteristics of metal oxides by optimizing various parameters such as synthesis methods, morphology, composition, and structure. Four representative metal oxides (TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, and WO3) are presented based on several aspects: synthesis method, morphology, functionalizing molecules, detection target, and limit of detection (LOD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Şerban
- Product Design, Mechatronics and Environmental Department, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Alexandru Enesca
- Product Design, Mechatronics and Environmental Department, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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21
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Losada-Garcia N, Rodriguez-Oliva I, Simovic M, Bezbradica DI, Palomo JM. New Advances in Fabrication of Graphene Glyconanomaterials for Application in Therapy and Diagnosis. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4362-4369. [PMID: 32175483 PMCID: PMC7066556 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycoderivatives are an important class of molecules with enormous relevance in numerous biological phenomena; therefore, they have a key role in the learning, understanding, and assessment of different diseases. Nanotechnology, and in particular the design of new nanomaterials, is one of the areas of greatest interest today. In this case, graphene nanomaterials represent very interesting platforms for studying glycosystems, glyconanomaterials that combine the biomolecular recognition and the characteristics of nanoscale objects in the development of early diagnosis systems, and efficient specific therapeutic modalities. In this mini-review, we discuss some results recently described in the literature on the conjugation of graphene materials and carbohydrates through the selective interaction of glycoenzymes in graphene to create new materials with biosensing applications, the development and application of sugar-graphene composites, and finally biosystems combining the properties of graphene with metallic nanoparticles and sugars for the creation of excellent glyconanomaterials as novel systems for the therapy or diagnosis of important diseases such as cancer or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Losada-Garcia
- Department
of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis
(CSIC), Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco Campus UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ivan Rodriguez-Oliva
- Department
of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis
(CSIC), Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco Campus UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Milica Simovic
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology
and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Dejan I. Bezbradica
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology
and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Jose M. Palomo
- Department
of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis
(CSIC), Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco Campus UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
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