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Yang W, Ni W, Yu C, Gu T, Ye L, Sun R, Ying X, Yik JHN, Haudenschild DR, Yao S, Hu Z. Biomimetic Bone-Like Composite Hydrogel Scaffolds Composed of Collagen Fibrils and Natural Hydroxyapatite for Promoting Bone Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2385-2397. [PMID: 38538611 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Bone is a complex organic-inorganic composite tissue composed of ∼30% organics and ∼70% hydroxyapatite (HAp). Inspired by this, we used 30% collagen and 70% HAp extracted from natural bone using the calcination method to generate a biomimetic bone composite hydrogel scaffold (BBCHS). In one respect, BBCHS, with a fixed proportion of inorganic and organic components similar to natural bone, exhibits good physical properties. In another respect, the highly biologically active and biocompatible HAp from natural bone effectively promotes osteogenic differentiation, and type I collagen facilitates cell adhesion and spreading. Additionally, the well-structured porosity of the BBCHS provides sufficient growth space for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) while promoting substance exchange. Compared to the control group, the new bone surface of the defective location in the B-HA70+Col group is increased by 3.4-fold after 8 weeks of in vivo experiments. This strategy enables the BBCHS to closely imitate the chemical makeup and physical structure of natural bone. With its robust biocompatibility and osteogenic activity, the BBCHS can be easily adapted for a wide range of bone repair applications and offers promising potential for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Weiyu Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Congcong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Tianyuan Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Rongtai Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Xiaozhang Ying
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Jasper H N Yik
- Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California System, Davis, California 60601, United States
| | - Dominik R Haudenschild
- Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California System, Davis, California 60601, United States
| | - Shasha Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Ziang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration, Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
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Hoveidaei AH, Sadat-Shojai M, Mosalamiaghili S, Salarikia SR, Roghani-Shahraki H, Ghaderpanah R, Ersi MH, Conway JD. Nano-hydroxyapatite structures for bone regenerative medicine: Cell-material interaction. Bone 2024; 179:116956. [PMID: 37951520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering holds great promise for the regeneration of damaged or severe bone defects. However, several challenges hinder its translation into clinical practice. To address these challenges, interdisciplinary efforts and advances in biomaterials, cell biology, and bioengineering are required. In recent years, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)-based scaffolds have emerged as a promising approach for the development of bone regenerative agents. The unique similarity of nHA with minerals found in natural bones promotes remineralization and stimulates bone growth, which are crucial factors for efficient bone regeneration. Moreover, nHA exhibits desirable properties, such as strong chemical interactions with bone and facilitation of tissue growth, without inducing inflammation or toxicity. It also promotes osteoblast survival, adhesion, and proliferation, as well as increasing alkaline phosphatase activity, osteogenic differentiation, and bone-specific gene expression. However, it is important to note that the effect of nHA on osteoblast behavior is dose-dependent, with cytotoxic effects observed at higher doses. Additionally, the particle size of nHA plays a crucial role, with smaller particles having a more significant impact. Therefore, in this review, we highlighted the potential of nHA for improving bone regeneration processes and summarized the available data on bone cell response to nHA-based scaffolds. In addition, an attempt is made to portray the current status of bone tissue engineering using nHA/polymer hybrids and some recent scientific research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Human Hoveidaei
- International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Sadat-Shojai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedarad Mosalamiaghili
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Rezvan Ghaderpanah
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hamed Ersi
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Clinical Research Development Center of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Janet D Conway
- International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Fu M, Li J, Liu M, Yang C, Wang Q, Wang H, Chen B, Fu Q, Sun G. Sericin/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Hydrogels Based on Graphene Oxide for Effective Bone Regeneration via Immunomodulation and Osteoinduction. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1875-1895. [PMID: 37051313 PMCID: PMC10084881 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s399487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune responses and osteogenesis differentiation induced by implants are crucial for bone tissue regeneration. Consideration of only one of those properties is not sufficient. To investigate the synergistic actions, we designed alginate/graphene oxide/sericin/nanohydroxyapatite (Alg/GO/Ser/nHAP) nanocomposite hydrogels with both osteoimmunomodulatory and osteoinductive activities. This study aimed to explore the effect of hydrogel with osteoimmunomodulatory properties on promoting osteogenesis of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Methods Alg/GO/Ser/nHAP nanocomposite hydrogel was fabricated and was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, stress-strain, rheology, swelling and degradation. After the impact of sericin on M2 macrophage polarization was identified, the BMSCs viability and adhesion were evaluated by CCK8 assay, live/dead staining, cytoskeleton staining. The cell osteogenic differentiation was observed by ALP/ARS staining, immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR, and Western blotting, respectively. Rat cranial defect model was used to assess osteoimmunomodulatory effects of scaffolds in vivo by micro‑computed tomographic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses after 8 weeks of healing. Results In vitro experiments revealed that the hydrogel presented desirable mechanical strength, stability, porosity, and biocompatibility. Significantly, sericin and nHAP appeared to exert synergistic effects on bone regeneration. Sericin was observed to inhibit the immune response by inducing macrophage M2-type polarization to create a positive osteoimmune microenvironment, contributing to improving osseointegration at the bone-implant interface to promote osteogenesis. However, the osteogenic differentiation in rat BMSCs was further enhanced by combining nHAP and sericin in the nanocomposite hydrogel. Eventually, the hydrogel was implanted into the rat cranial defect model, assisting in the reduction of local inflammation and efficient bone regeneration. Conclusion The nanocomposite hydrogel stimulated bone formation by the synergistic effects of immunomodulation of macrophage polarization by sericin and direct osteogenic induction by nHAP, demonstrating that such a scaffold that modulates the osteoimmune microenvironment to promote osteogenesis is a promising approach for the development of bone tissue engineering implants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fu
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingchong Liu
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chensong Yang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qidong Wang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingdi Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingge Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guixin Sun
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guixin Sun; Qingge Fu, Email ;
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Xu Z, Li Y, Xu D, Li L, Xu Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Sun J. Improvement of mechanical and antibacterial properties of porous nHA scaffolds by fluorinated graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25405-25414. [PMID: 36199313 PMCID: PMC9450491 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03854d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is widely used as a bio-scaffold material due to its good bioactivity and biocompatibility. In this study, fluorinated graphene oxide (FG) was added to nHA to improve its poor formability, weak mechanical properties, undesirable antimicrobial activity and other disadvantages that affect its clinical application. FG was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. Novel porous composite scaffolds were prepared by adding different weight ratios (0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) of FG to nHA using the 3D printing technique. The morphology, phase composition and mechanical properties of the composite scaffolds were characterized. In addition, the degradation performance of the composite scaffolds, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and cytocompatibility were also investigated. The results showed that the nHA/FG composite scaffold was successfully prepared with a uniform distribution of FG on the scaffold. The mechanical properties showed that the compression strength of the nHA/FG composite scaffold was significantly higher than that of the nHA scaffold (7.22 ± 1.43 MPa). The porosity of all composite scaffolds was above 70%. The addition of FG significantly improved the mechanical properties of the nHA scaffold without affecting the porosity of the scaffold. In addition, the 0.5 wt% nHA/FG scaffold exhibited satisfactory cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Therefore, the constructed nHA/FG composite scaffold can be considered as a novel antimicrobial bone substitute material with good application prospects. Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is widely used as a bio-scaffold material. In this study, fluorinated graphene oxide (FG) was added to nHA to improve its poor formability, weak mechanical properties and undesirable antimicrobial activity that affect its clinical application.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yali Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dian Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaoxiang Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanshan Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery, Qingdao, China
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Chuysinuan P, Nooeaid P, Thanyacharoen T, Techasakul S, Pavasant P, Kanjanamekanant K. Injectable eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite-incorporated fibroin-alginate composite hydrogel for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:799-808. [PMID: 34743940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising approach to repair and regenerate damaged or lost tissues or organs. In dental aspect, reconstruction of the resorbed alveolar bone after tooth extraction plays an important role in the success of dental substitution, especially in dental implant treatment. The hydroxyapatite (HA)-incorporated fibroin-alginate composite injectable hydrogel was fabricated to be used as scaffold for bone regeneration. HA was synthesized from eggshell biowaste. Fibroin was extracted from Bombyx mori cocoon. The synthesized HA, fibroin and alginate hydrogel were characterized. HA-incorporated fibroin-alginate hydrogel had decreased pore size and porosity compared with pure alginate hydrogel. Thermal analysis showed that hydrogel had a degradation peak of approximately 250 °C. Hydrogel could absorb water, with a swelling ratio of around 300% at 24 h. Hydrogel was degraded as time passed and almost completely degraded at day 7. Its compressive Young's modulus was approximately 0.04 ± 0.02 N/mm2 to 0.10 ± 0.02 N/mm2. Primary cytotoxicity test indicated non-toxic potential of the fabricated hydrogel. Increased ALP activity was observed in MC3T3-E1 cultured in HA-incorporated fibroin-alginate hydrogel. Results suggested the potential use of injectable HA fibroin-alginate hydrogel as dental scaffolding material. Further studies including in vivo examinations are needed prior to its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyachat Chuysinuan
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Patcharakamon Nooeaid
- Division of Polymer Materials Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkarak, Nakhon-Nayok 26120, Thailand
| | | | - Supanna Techasakul
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kavita Kanjanamekanant
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Signaling Pathway and Transcriptional Regulation in Osteoblasts during Bone Healing: Direct Involvement of Hydroxyapatite as a Biomaterial. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070615. [PMID: 34206843 PMCID: PMC8308723 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects and periodontal disease are pathological conditions that may become neglected diseases if not treated properly. Hydroxyapatite (HA), along with tricalcium phosphate and bioglass ceramic, is a biomaterial widely applied to orthopedic and dental uses. The in vivo performance of HA is determined by the interaction between HA particles with bone cells, particularly the bone mineralizing cells osteoblasts. It has been reported that HA-induced osteoblastic differentiation by increasing the expression of osteogenic transcription factors. However, the pathway involved and the events that occur in the cell membrane have not been well understood and remain controversial. Advances in gene editing and the discovery of pharmacologic inhibitors assist researchers to better understand osteoblastic differentiation. This review summarizes the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, Wnt, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in osteoblastic cellular regulation induced by HA. These advances enhance the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of HA as a biomaterial. Moreover, they provide a better strategy for the design of HA to be utilized in bone engineering.
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Effect of Morphological Characteristics and Biomineralization of 3D-Printed Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds on Bone Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136794. [PMID: 34202759 PMCID: PMC8267715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of porous three-dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds has attracted great attention in bone tissue engineering applications because they closely simulate the major features of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. This study aimed to prepare biomimetic composite scaffolds via a simple 3D printing of gelatin/hyaluronic acid (HA)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) and subsequent biomineralization for improved bone tissue regeneration. The resulting scaffolds exhibited uniform structure and homogeneous pore distribution. In addition, the microstructures of the composite scaffolds showed an ECM-mimetic structure with a wrinkled internal surface and a porous hierarchical architecture. The results of bioactivity assays proved that the morphological characteristics and biomineralization of the composite scaffolds influenced cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In particular, the biomineralized gelatin/HA/HAp composite scaffolds with double-layer staggered orthogonal (GEHA20-ZZS) and double-layer alternative structure (GEHA20-45S) showed higher bioactivity than other scaffolds. According to these results, biomineralization has a great influence on the biological activity of cells. Hence, the biomineralized composite scaffolds can be used as new bone scaffolds in bone regeneration.
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Abdali Z, Aminzare M, Zhu X, DeBenedictis E, Xie O, Keten S, Dorval Courchesne NM. Curli-Mediated Self-Assembly of a Fibrous Protein Scaffold for Hydroxyapatite Mineralization. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3334-3343. [PMID: 33237760 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures formed by self-assembled peptides have been increasingly exploited as functional materials for a wide variety of applications, from biotechnology to energy. However, it is sometimes challenging to assemble free short peptides into functional supramolecular structures, since not all peptides have the ability to self-assemble. Here, we report a self-assembly mechanism for short functional peptides that we derived from a class of fiber-forming amyloid proteins called curli. CsgA, the major subunit of curli fibers, is a self-assembling β-helical subunit composed of five pseudorepeats (R1-R5). We first deleted the internal repeats (R2, R3, R4), known to be less essential for the aggregation of CsgA monomers into fibers, forming a truncated CsgA variant (R1/R5). As a proof-of-concept to introduce functionality in the fibers, we then genetically substituted the internal repeats by a hydroxyapatite (HAP)-binding peptide, resulting in a R1/HAP/R5 construct. Our method thus utilizes the R1/R5-driven self-assembly mechanism to assemble the HAP-binding peptide and form hydrogel-like materials in macroscopic quantities suitable for biomineralization. We confirmed the expression and fibrillar morphology of the truncated and HAP-containing curli-like amyloid fibers. X-ray diffraction and TEM showed the functionality of the HAP-binding peptide for mineralization and formation of nanocrystalline HAP. Overall, we show that fusion to the R1 and R5 repeats of CsgA enables the self-assembly of functional peptides into micron long fibers. Further, the mineral-templating ability that the R1/HAP/R5 fibers possesses opens up broader applications for curli proteins in the tissue engineering and biomaterials fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abdali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Masoud Aminzare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Elizabeth DeBenedictis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States of America
| | - Oliver Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States of America
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