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Liu C, Yan Z, Yang J, Wei P, Zhang D, Wang Q, Zhang X, Hao Y, Yang D. Corrosion and Biological Behaviors of Biomedical Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy under an Oxidative Stress Microenvironment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18503-18521. [PMID: 38570902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials can induce an inflammatory response in surrounding tissues after implantation, generating and releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The excessive accumulation of ROS may create a microenvironment with high levels of oxidative stress (OS), which subsequently accelerates the degradation of the passive film on the surface of titanium (Ti) alloys and affects their biological activity. The immunomodulatory role of macrophages in biomaterial osteogenesis under OS is unknown. This study aimed to explore the corrosion behavior and bone formation of Ti implants under an OS microenvironment. In this study, the corrosion resistance and osteoinduction capabilities in normal and OS conditions of the Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (wt %, Ti2448) were assessed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis indicated that the Ti2448 alloy exhibited superior corrosion resistance on exposure to excessive ROS compared to the Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy. This can be attributed to the formation of the TiO2 and Nb2O5 passive films, which mitigated the adverse effects of OS. In vitro MC3T3-E1 cell experiments revealed that the Ti2448 alloy exhibited good biocompatibility in the OS microenvironment, whereas the osteogenic differentiation level was comparable to that of the TC4 alloy. The Ti2448 alloy significantly alleviates intercellular ROS levels, inducing a higher proportion of M2 phenotypes (52.7%) under OS. Ti2448 alloy significantly promoted the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL-10), and osteoblast-related cytokines, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), which relatively increased by 26.9 and 31.4%, respectively, compared to TC4 alloy. The Ti2448 alloy provides a favorable osteoimmune environment and significantly promotes the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro compared to the TC4 alloy. Ultimately, the Ti2448 alloy demonstrated excellent corrosion resistance and immunomodulatory properties in an OS microenvironment, providing valuable insights into potential clinical applications as implants to repair bone tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154004, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenglong Yan
- Liaoning People's Hospital, 33 Wenyi Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154004, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Penggong Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Hao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghong Yang
- School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154004, People's Republic of China
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2
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Torres-Sanchez C, Alabort E, Herring O, Bell H, Tam CY, Yang S, Conway PP. Multidimensional analysis for the correlation of physico-chemical attributes to osteoblastogenesis in TiNbZrSnTa alloys. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213572. [PMID: 37566936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Data-enabled approaches that complement experimental testing offer new capabilities to investigate the interplay between chemical, physical and mechanical attributes of alloys and elucidate their effect on biological behaviours. Reported here, instead of physical causation, statistical correlations were used to study the factors responsible for the adhesion, proliferation and maturation of pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cultured on Titanium alloys. Eight alloys with varying wt% of Niobium, Zirconium, Tin and Tantalum (Ti- (2-22 wt%)Nb- (5-20 wt%)Zr- (0-18 wt%)Sn- (0-14 wt%)Ta) were designed to achieve exemplars of allotropes (incl., metastable-β, β + α', α″). Following confirmation of their compositions (ICP, EDX) and their crystal structure (XRD, SEM), their compressive bulk properties were measured and their surface features characterised (XPS, SFE). Because these alloys are intended for the manufacture of implantable orthopaedic devices, the correlation focuses on the effect of surface properties on cellular behaviour. Physico-chemical attributes were paired to biological performance, and these highlight the positive interdependencies between oxide composition and proliferation (esp. Ti4+), and maturation (esp. Zr4+). The correlation reveals the negative effect of oxide thickness, esp. TiOx and TaOx on osteoblastogenesis. This study also shows that the characterisation of the chemical state and elemental electronic structure of the alloys' surface is more predictive than physical properties, namely SFE and roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torres-Sanchez
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK.
| | - E Alabort
- Alloyed Ltd., Unit 15, Oxford Industrial Park, Yarnton OX5 1QU, UK
| | - O Herring
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - H Bell
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - C Y Tam
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - S Yang
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - P P Conway
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK
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Sherif ESM, Bahri YA, Alharbi HF, Ijaz MF. Corrosion Passivation in Simulated Body Fluid of Ti-Zr-Ta-xSn Alloys as Biomedical Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4603. [PMID: 37444917 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The powder metallurgy method was used to manufacture three Ti-based alloys: Ti-15%Zr-2%Ta-4%Sn (Ti-Zr-Ta-4Sn), Ti-15%Zr-2%Ta-6%Sn (Ti-Zr-Ta-6Sn), and Ti-15%Zr-2%Ta-8%Sn (Ti-Zr-Ta-8Sn). Electrochemical measurements and surface analyses were used to determine the effect of Sn concentration on the corrosion of these alloys after exposure to a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 1 h and 72 h. It was found that the passivation of the alloy surface significantly increased when the Sn content increased from 4% to 6% and then to 8%, which led to a significant reduction in corrosion. The impedance spectra derived from the Nyquist graphs also explained how the addition of Sn significantly improved the alloys' polarization resistances. According to the change in the chronoamperometric current at an applied anodic potential over time, the increase in Sn content within the alloy significantly reduced the currents over time, indicating that the uniform and pitting corrosion were greatly decreased. The formation of an oxide layer (TiO2), which was demonstrated by the surface morphology of the alloys after exposure to SBF solution for 72 h and corrosion at 400 mV (Ag/AgCl) for 60 min, was supported by the profile analysis obtained by an X-ray spectroscopy analyzer. It was clear from all of the findings that the tested alloys have a remarkable improvement in resistance to corrosivity when the Sn content was increased to 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M Sherif
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassir A Bahri
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Collage of Engineering, King Saud University, Al-Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad F Alharbi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Collage of Engineering, King Saud University, Al-Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farzik Ijaz
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Collage of Engineering, King Saud University, Al-Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Jawed SF, Rabadia CD, Khan MA, Khan SJ. Effect of Alloying Elements on the Compressive Mechanical Properties of Biomedical Titanium Alloys: A Systematic Review. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29526-29542. [PMID: 36061649 PMCID: PMC9434758 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to problems such as the stress-shielding effect, strength-ductility trade-off dilemma, and use of rare-earth, expensive elements with high melting points in Ti alloys, the need for the design of new Ti alloys for biomedical applications has emerged. This article reports the effect of various alloying elements on the compressive mechanical performance of Ti alloys for biomedical applications for the first time as a systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines on this subject. The search strategy in this systematic review used Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases and searched the articles using (Beta-type OR β) AND Titanium AND (Mechanical property OR Microstructure) AND Alloying element keywords. Original articles from 2016 to 2022 published in English have been selected for this study as per the inclusion criteria. The results have shown that Nb can be used as the primary alloying element with Ti as it is a strong β-stabilizer element which also reduces the elastic modulus of Ti alloys. The β-eutectic elements (Fe, Cr, and Mn) have also emerged as cost-effective alloying elements that could improve the mechanical performance of Ti alloys. Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloyed with Si has shown potential to withstand the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma. The combination of a Ti-Nb binary alloy has emerged as an attractive material for designing low elastic modulus Ti alloys. The mechanical performance of the Ti-Nb alloy can be further improved using the β-eutectic (Fe, Cr, and Mn) and neutral (Zr, Sn) elements to be alloyed with a Ti-Nb binary alloy. The strength-ductility trade-off issue can be overcome using Si as an alloying element in Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faraz Jawed
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, NED University
of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Chirag Dhirajlal Rabadia
- School
of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
- Engineering
Institute of Technology, Marquis Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6012, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ahmed Khan
- Department
of Health Technology, Technical University
of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- School of
Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Saad Jawaid Khan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Ziauddin University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
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Torres-Sanchez C, Alabort E, Wang J, Norrito M, Conway PP. In-silico design and experimental validation of TiNbTaZrMoSn to assess accuracy of mechanical and biocompatibility predictive models. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104858. [PMID: 34607297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerical design of TiNbTaZrMoSn alloy preceded its manufacture and mechanical, physico-chemical and in vitro characterisation. The specifications of the alloy required a multi-objective optimisation including lower modulus of elasticity than c.p.Ti, high strength, stabilised β crystal structure with a low martensitic start temperature, a narrow solidification range and high biocompatibility. The results reveal that there was a good match between the bulk mechanical properties exhibited by the alloy experimentally and those predicted. Regarding surface properties, independent of roughness effects, the oxide thickness and surface zeta-potential, measured in biologically relevant electrolytes and at physiological pH, arose as important factors in osteoblastic activity (i.e., cell proliferation, measured via DNA, protein and metabolite content, and differentiation, via ALP levels), but not in cell adhesion and viability. The thinner oxide layer and lower absolute value of surface zeta-potential on the TiNbTaZrMoSn alloy explain its lesser osteogenic properties (i.e., inhibition of ALP activity) compared to the c.p. Ti. This study demonstrates that the numerical models to predict microstructure and bulk mechanical properties of β-Ti alloys are robust, but that the prediction of cellular bioactivity lags behind and still requires parameterisation to account for features such as oxide layer composition and thickness, electro-chemical properties and surface charge, and topography to optimise cell response in silico before committing to the costly manufacture and deployment of these alloys in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torres-Sanchez
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3PE, UK.
| | - E Alabort
- Alloyed Ltd, Unit 15, Oxford Industrial Park, Yarnton, OX5 1QU, UK
| | - J Wang
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3PE, UK
| | - M Norrito
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3PE, UK
| | - P P Conway
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3PE, UK
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