1
|
Anitua E, Zalduendo M, Tierno R, Alkhraisat MH. Plasma Rich in Growth Factors in Bone Regeneration: The Proximity to the Clot as a Differential Factor in Osteoblast Cell Behaviour. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:122. [PMID: 38786520 PMCID: PMC11119057 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The osteogenic differentiation process, by which bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and osteoprogenitors transform into osteoblasts, is regulated by several growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) is a blood-derived preparation consisting of a plethora of bioactive molecules, also susceptible to containing epigenetic factors such as ncRNAs and EVs, that stimulates tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the PRGF clot formulation on osteogenic differentiation. Firstly, osteoblast cells were isolated and characterised. The proliferation of bone cells cultured onto PRGF clots or treated with PRGF supernatant was determined. Moreover, the gene expression of Runx2 (ID: 860), SP7 (ID: 121340), and ALPL (ID: 249) was analysed by one-step real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Additionally, alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) activity determination was performed. The highest proliferative effect was achieved by the PRGF supernatant in all the study periods analysed. Concerning gene expression, the logRGE of Runx2 increased significantly in osteoblasts cultured with PRGF formulations compared with the control group, while that of SP7 increased significantly in osteoblasts grown on the PRGF clots. On the other hand, despite the fact that the PRGF supernatant induced ALPL up-regulation, significantly higher enzyme activity was detected for the PRGF clots in comparison with the supernatant formulation. According to our results, contact with the PRGF clot could promote a more advanced phase in the osteogenic process, associated to higher levels of ALPL activity. Furthermore, the PRGF clot releasate stimulated a higher proliferation rate in addition to reduced SP7 expression in the cells located at a distant ubication, leading to a less mature osteoblast stage. Thus, the spatial relationship between the PRGF clot and the osteoprogenitors cells could be a factor that influences regenerative outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (M.Z.); (R.T.); (M.H.A.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Mar Zalduendo
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (M.Z.); (R.T.); (M.H.A.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Roberto Tierno
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (M.Z.); (R.T.); (M.H.A.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Mohammad Hamdan Alkhraisat
- BTI-Biotechnology Institute, 01007 Vitoria, Spain; (M.Z.); (R.T.); (M.H.A.)
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Casajuana Ester M, Day RM. Production and Utility of Extracellular Vesicles with 3D Culture Methods. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020663. [PMID: 36839984 PMCID: PMC9961751 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers, cell-free therapeutic agents, and drug delivery carriers. Despite their great clinical potential, poor yield and unscalable production of EVs remain significant challenges. When using 3D culture methods, such as scaffolds and bioreactors, large numbers of cells can be expanded and the cell environment can be manipulated to control the cell phenotype. This has been employed to successfully increase the production of EVs as well as to enhance their therapeutic effects. The physiological relevance of 3D cultures, such as spheroids, has also provided a strategy for understanding the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of several diseases and to evaluate their role as tools to deliver drugs. Additionally, 3D culture methods can encapsulate EVs to achieve more sustained therapeutic effects as well as prevent premature clearance of EVs to enable more localised delivery and concentrated exosome dosage. This review highlights the opportunities and drawbacks of different 3D culture methods and their use in EV research.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Zheng W, Tan W, Wu X, Dai Z, Li Z, Yan Z, Ji Y, Wang Y, Su W, Zhong S, Li Y, Sun Y, Li S, Huang W. Injectable MMP1-sensitive microspheres with spatiotemporally controlled exosome release promote neovascularized bone healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:321-336. [PMID: 36481504 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) can recruit stem cells for bone repair, with neovessels serving as the main migratory channel for stem cells to the injury site. However, existing exosome (Exo) delivery strategies cannot reach the angiogenesis phase following bone injury. To that end, an enzyme-sensitive Exo delivery material that responds to neovessel formation during the angiogenesis phase was designed in the present study to achieve spatiotemporally controlled Exo release. Herein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) was found to be highly expressed in neovascularized bone; as a result, we proposed an injectable MMP1-sensitive hydrogel microspheres (KGE) made using a microfluidic chip prepared by mixing self-assembling peptide (KLDL-MMP1), GelMA, and BMSC-Exos. The results revealed that KGE microspheres had a uniform diameter of 50-70 µm, ideal for minimally invasive injection and could release exosomes in response to MMP1 expression. In vitro experiments demonstrated that KGE had less cytotoxicity and could promote the migration and osteodifferentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that KGE could promote bone repair during angiogenesis by recruiting CD90+ stem cells via neovessels. Collectively, our results suggest that injectable enzyme-responsive KGE microspheres could be a promising Exo-secreting material for accelerating neovascularized bone healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Exosomes can spread through blood vessels and activate stem cells to participate in bone repair, but under normal circumstances, exosomes lacking sustained-release delivery materials cannot be maintained until the angiogenesis phase. In this study, we found that MMP1 was highly expressed in neovascularized bone, then we proposed an MMP1-sensitive injectable microsphere that carries exosomes and responds temporally and spatially to neovascularization, which maximizes the ability of exosomes to recruit stem cells. Different from previous strategies that focus on promoting angiogenesis to accelerate bone healing, this is a brand new delivery strategy that is stimuli-responsive to neovessel formation. In addition, the preparation of self-assembled peptide microspheres by a microfluidic chip is also proposed for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weihan Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Urology and Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhenning Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zi Yan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuelun Ji
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shu Zhong
- Department of orthopedic, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan 523058, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yongjian Sun
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Shiyu Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Wenhua Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bernuz M, Pallarès-Rusiñol A, Rossi R, Fernández-Senac C, Martí M, Pividori MI. Magnetic Separation of Cell-Secreted Vesicles with Tailored Magnetic Particles and Downstream Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2668:257-276. [PMID: 37140802 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3203-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the receptors on the surface of the cell-secreted vesicles provides valuable information of the cell signature and may also offer diagnosis and/or prognosis of a wide range of diseases, including cancer.Due to their low concentration, conventional procedures for extracellular vesicle (EV) detection usually require relatively large sample volumes, involving preliminary purification or preconcentration steps from complex specimens. Here, we describe the separation and preconcentration in magnetic particles of extracellular vesicles obtained from cell culture supernatants from MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 breast cancer cell lines, human fetal osteoblastic cell line (hFOB), and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, as well as exosomes from human serum. The first approach involves the covalent immobilization for the exosomes directly on micro (4.5 μm)-sized magnetic particles. The second approach is based on tailored magnetic particles modified with antibodies for further immunomagnetic separation of the exosomes. In these instances, micro (4.5 μm)-sized magnetic particles are modified with different commercial antibodies against selected receptors, including the general tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81 and the specific receptors (CD24, CD44, CD54, CD326, CD340, and CD171). The magnetic separation can be easily coupled with downstream characterization and quantification methods, including molecular biology techniques such as immunoassays, confocal microscopy, or flow cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Bernuz
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Arnau Pallarès-Rusiñol
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosanna Rossi
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Mercè Martí
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Bellaterra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang J, Zhai D, Xue J, Li T, Ren D, Wu C. Bioinspired Laminated Bioceramics with High Toughness for Bone Tissue Engineering. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac055. [PMID: 36072263 PMCID: PMC9438744 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the research of biomaterials in bone tissue engineering, it is still a challenge to fabricate bioceramics that overcome brittleness while maintaining the great biological performance. Here, inspired by the toughness of natural materials with hierarchical laminated structure, we presented a directional assembly-sintering approach to fabricate laminated MXene/calcium silicate-based (L-M/CS) bioceramics. Benefiting from the orderly laminated structure, the L-M/CS bioceramics exhibited significantly enhanced toughness (2.23 MPa·m1/2) and high flexural strength (145 MPa), which were close to the mechanical properties of cortical bone. Furthermore, the L-M/CS bioceramics possessed more suitable degradability than traditional CaSiO3 bioceramics due to the newly formed CaTiSiO5 after sintering. Moreover, the L-M/CS bioceramics showed good biocompatibility and could stimulate the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The mechanism of promoting osteogenic differentiation had been shown to be related to the Wnt signaling pathway. This work not only fabricated calcium silicate-based bioceramics with excellent mechanical and biological properties for bone tissue engineering but also provided a strategy for the combination of bionics and bioceramics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Dudi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moura SL, Pallarès-Rusiñol A, Sappia L, Martí M, Pividori MI. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in breast cancer exosomes simplifies the biosensing design. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 198:113826. [PMID: 34891059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work addresses a biosensor combining the immunomagnetic separation and the electrochemical biosensing based on the intrinsic ALP activity of the exosomes. This approach explores for the first time two different types of biomarkers on exosomes, in a unique biosensing device combining two different biorecognition reaction: immunological and enzymatic. Besides, the intrinsic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in exosomes as a potential biomarker of carcinogenesis as well as osseous metastatic invasion is also explored. To achieve that, as an in vitro model, exosomes from human fetal osteoblasts are used. It is demonstrated that the electrochemical biosensor improves the analytical performance of the gold standard colorimetric assay for the detection of ALP activity in exosomes, providing a limit of detection of 4.39 mU L-1, equivalent to 105 exosomes μL-1. Furthermore, this approach is used to detect and quantify exosomes derived from serum samples of breast cancer patients. The electrochemical biosensor shows reliable results for the differentiation of healthy donors and breast cancer individuals based on the immunomagnetic separation using specific epithelial biomarkers CD326 (EpCAM) combined with the intrinsic ALP activity electrochemical readout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silio Lima Moura
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Arnau Pallarès-Rusiñol
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Luciano Sappia
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercè Martí
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gu C, Feng J, Waqas A, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Long J, Huang S, Chen L. Technological Advances of 3D Scaffold-Based Stem Cell/Exosome Therapy in Tissues and Organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709204. [PMID: 34568322 PMCID: PMC8458970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, biomaterial scaffolds have been widely applied in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Due to different production methods, unique types of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds can be fabricated to meet the structural characteristics of tissues and organs, and provide suitable 3D microenvironments. The therapeutic effects of stem cell (SC) therapy in tissues and organs are considerable and have attracted the attention of academic researchers worldwide. However, due to the limitations and challenges of SC therapy, exosome therapy can be used for basic research and clinical translation. The review briefly introduces the materials (nature or polymer), shapes (hydrogels, particles and porous solids) and fabrication methods (crosslinking or bioprinting) of 3D scaffolds, and describes the recent progress in SC/exosome therapy with 3D scaffolds over the past 5 years (2016-2020). Normal SC/exosome therapy can improve the structure and function of diseased and damaged tissues and organs. In addition, 3D scaffold-based SC/exosome therapy can significantly improve the structure and function cardiac and neural tissues for the treatment of various refractory diseases. Besides, exosome therapy has the same therapeutic effects as SC therapy but without the disadvantages. Hence, 3D scaffold therapy provides an alternative strategy for treatment of refractory and incurable diseases and has entered a transformation period from basic research into clinical translation as a viable therapeutic option in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yushu Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Holkar K, Kale V, Ingavle G. Hydrogel-Assisted 3D Model to Investigate the Osteoinductive Potential of MC3T3-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2687-2700. [PMID: 34018721 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective and rapid regeneration of bone defects often pose substantial challenges in severe accidental injuries and disabilities occurring due to diseases and/or advanced age, especially in patients having reduced tissue regeneration competence. The success of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based research strategies in improving bone regeneration was hampered not only due to the limited knowledge of therapeutic actions of MSCs but also due to difficulties as well as expenses related to cell manufacturing and time taken for ethical approvals for clinical use of living cells and engineered tissues. The recent trend indicated that there is a shift from the direct usage of MSCs toward the application of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from their MSC secretome in bone tissue regeneration. This shift has directed research into the development of "cell-free" therapeutics, which could be a better alternative due to its several advantages over the use of their parental MSCs. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggested that the 3D microenvironment influences the paracrine effects of MSCs. Although the osteogenic role of EVs has been explored recently, the current study showed, for the first time, that encapsulation of EVs along with MC3T3 cells in a 3D hydrogel-assisted culture with a distinct porous microenvironment having meso and macro (0.05-200 μm) pore size distribution resulted in an improved osteogenic response in vitro. The present work was primarily focused on investigating the influence of EVs isolated under distinct priming conditions to enhance the osteogenic potential. In addition, in the current work, the osteogenic ability of different types of EVs (microvesicles and exosomes) and total EVs isolated at different time points was also examined when encapsulated with MC3T3 cells in an alginate gel. Using various biochemical assays, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production and calcium secretion, it was observed that both microvesicles and exosomes collected from MC3T3 cells independently had osteogenic potential; however, their collective activity was found to be superior. We further showed that EVs induce an early osteogenic response in MC3T3 cells as indicated by ALP and calcium secretion at a much earlier time point, compared to the controls. Our data suggested that this 3D hydrogel-assisted system provides close proximity of cells and EVs, and thus, mimics the in vivo scenario, making it clinically useful for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Holkar
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| | - Ganesh Ingavle
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chernozem RV, Surmeneva MA, Abalymov AA, Parakhonskiy BV, Rigole P, Coenye T, Surmenev RA, Skirtach AG. Piezoelectric hybrid scaffolds mineralized with calcium carbonate for tissue engineering: Analysis of local enzyme and small-molecule drug delivery, cell response and antibacterial performance. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111909. [PMID: 33641905 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the next generation of materials for bone reconstruction, we propose a multifunctional bioactive platform based on biodegradable piezoelectric polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering with drug delivery capabilities. To use the entire surface area for local drug delivery, the scaffold surface was uniformly biomineralized with biocompatible calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microparticles in a vaterite-calcite polymorph mixture. CaCO3-coated PHB scaffolds demonstrated a similar elastic modulus compared to that of pristine one. However, reduced tensile strength and failure strain of 31% and 67% were observed, respectively. The biomimetic immobilization of enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin (VCM) preserved the CaCO3-mineralized PHB scaffold morphology and resulted in partial recrystallization of vaterite to calcite. In comparison to pristine scaffolds, the loading efficiency of CaCO3-mineralized PHB scaffolds was 4.6 and 3.5 times higher for VCM and ALP, respectively. Despite the increased number of cells incubated with ALP-immobilized scaffolds (up to 61% for non-mineralized and up to 36% for mineralized), the CaCO3-mineralized PHB scaffolds showed cell adhesion; those containing both VCM and ALP molecules had the highest cell density. Importantly, no toxicity for pre-osteoblastic cells was detected, even in the VCM-immobilized scaffolds. In contrast with antibiotic-free scaffolds, the VCM-immobilized ones had a pronounced antibacterial effect against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, piezoelectric hybrid PHB scaffolds modified with CaCO3 layers and immobilized VCM/ALP are promising materials in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Chernozem
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria A Surmeneva
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anatolii A Abalymov
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Nano- and Biomedical Technologies, Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | | | - Petra Rigole
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman A Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|