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Lv J, Wang J, Zeng Y, Tian S, Wang F, Zhai Y, Zhou Q, Luo X, Zhang X, Liu B, Zhou C. In vitro chemical treatment of silk increases the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and facilitates degradation in rats. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2024; 22:22808000231222704. [PMID: 38217423 DOI: 10.1177/22808000231222704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Silk fiber is difficult to degrade in vivo, which limits its application in tissue engineering materials such as artificial nerves. Therefore, in this study aim to promote its degradation in vivo by chemical treating silk fibers in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, mechanical test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurements were used to investigate the degradation effect of chemicals (hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium chloride) on silk fiber in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining and transcriptome analysis were used to investigate the effect of inflammatory factors on the degradation of chemically treated silk fiber in rats. RESULTS (1) Silks were separated into finer fibers in each group. (2) FT-IR absorption peaks of amides I, II, and III overlap in each group. (3) Silk degradation degree in each group was higher than that in an untreated group. The calcium chloride-treated group was completely degraded. (4) Fibronectin, collagen I, collagen III, integrin α and CD68 were immunofluorescence positive in all vegetation section. (5) There were no significant differences in the expressions of collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin in the vegetations formed on the 14th day of subcutaneous implantation, while integrin α, CD68, TNF-α, IL-1b, and IL-23 express at higher levels with IL-10 at lower levels. CONCLUSIONS All chemicals could completely degrade silk; however, their degradation products were not the same. The chemicals change the mechanical properties of silk by separating it into finer fibers, which increase the contact surface area between the silk and tissue fluid, accelerating the degradation of monofilaments in vivo by promoting inflammation and macrophage activity through the increased and decreased expressions of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Lv
- Institute for Silk and Related Biomaterials Research, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- Institute for Silk and Related Biomaterials Research, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zeng
- Institute for Silk and Related Biomaterials Research, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Simeng Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixue Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiyue Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuanjie Zhang
- First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chan Zhou
- Institute for Silk and Related Biomaterials Research, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Zhao W, Cao S, Cai H, Wu Y, Pan Q, Lin H, Fang J, He Y, Deng H, Liu Z. Chitosan/silk fibroin biomimic scaffolds reinforced by cellulose acetate nanofibers for smooth muscle tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Matrix Regeneration Ability In Situ Induced by a Silk Fibroin Small-Caliber Artificial Blood Vessel In Vivo. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183754. [PMID: 36145899 PMCID: PMC9502482 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of a small-caliber artificial vascular graft in the host in order to obtain functional tissue regeneration and remodeling remains a great challenge in clinical application. In our previous work, a silk-based, small-caliber tubular scaffold (SFTS) showed excellent mechanical properties, long-term patency and rapid endothelialization capabilities. On this basis, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the vascular reconstruction process after implantation to replace the common carotid artery in rabbits. The new tissue on both sides of the SFTSs at 1 month was clearly observed. Inside the SFTSs, the extracellular matrix (ECM) was deposited on the pore wall at 1 month and continued to increase during the follow-up period. The self-assembled collagen fibers and elastic fibers were clearly visible in a circumferential arrangement at 6 months and were similar to autologous blood vessels. The positive expression rate of Lysyl oxidase-1 (LOXL-1) was positively correlated with the formation and maturity of collagen fibers and elastic fibers. In summary, the findings of the tissue regeneration processes indicated that the bionic SFTSs induced in situ angiogenesis in defects.
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Sun H, Feng J, Ma Y, Cai D, Luo Y, Wang Q, Li F, Zhang M, Hu Q. Down-regulation of microRNA-342-5p or Up-regulation of Wnt3a Inhibits Angiogenesis and Maintains Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability in Atherosclerosis Mice. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:165. [PMID: 34807315 PMCID: PMC8609054 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has demonstrated that microRNA-342-5p (miR-342-5p) is implicated in atherosclerosis (AS), but little is known regarding its intrinsic regulatory mechanisms. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of miR-342-5p targeting Wnt3a on formation of vulnerable plaques and angiogenesis of AS. ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat feed for 16 w to replicate the AS vulnerable plaque model. miR-342-5p and Wnt3a expression in aortic tissues of AS were detected. The target relationship between miR-342-5p and Wnt3a was verified. Moreover, ApoE-/- mice were injected with miR-342-5p antagomir and overexpression-Wnt3a vector to test their functions in serum lipid levels, inflammatory and oxidative stress-related cytokines, aortic plaque stability and angiogenesis in plaque of AS mice. miR-342-5p expression was enhanced and Wnt3a expression was degraded in aortic tissues of AS mice and miR-342-5p directly targeted Wnt3a. Up-regulating Wnt3a or down-regulating miR-342-5p reduced blood lipid content, inflammatory and oxidative stress levels, the vulnerability of aortic tissue plaque and inhibited angiogenesis in aortic plaque of AS mice. Functional studies show that depleting miR-342-5p can stabilize aortic tissue plaque and reduce angiogenesis in plaque in AS mice via restoring Wnt3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Sun
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Jinhua Feng
- Department of General Practitioner, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Haixi People's Hospital, Delingha, 817099, Qinghai, China
| | - Ding Cai
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, No. 2 Gonghe Road, East District, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yulu Luo
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Qinggong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Quanzhong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, No. 2 Gonghe Road, East District, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, China.
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Bioengineering silk into blood vessels. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2271-2286. [PMID: 34495327 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rising incidence of cardiovascular disease has increased the demand for small diameter (<6 mm) synthetic vascular grafts for use in bypass surgery. Clinically available synthetic grafts (polyethylene terephthalate and expanded polytetrafluorethylene) are incredibly strong, but also highly hydrophobic and inelastic, leading to high rates of failure when used for small diameter bypass. The poor clinical outcomes of commercial synthetic grafts in this setting have driven significant research in search of new materials that retain favourable mechanical properties but offer improved biocompatibility. Over the last several decades, silk fibroin derived from Bombyx mori silkworms has emerged as a promising biomaterial for use in vascular applications. Progress has been driven by advances in silk manufacturing practices which have allowed unprecedented control over silk strength, architecture, and the ensuing biological response. Silk can now be manufactured to mimic the mechanical properties of native arteries, rapidly recover the native endothelial cell layer lining vessels, and direct positive vascular remodelling through the regulation of local inflammatory responses. This review summarises the advances in silk purification, processing and functionalisation which have allowed the production of robust vascular grafts with promise for future clinical application.
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Gupta P, Mandal BB. Silk biomaterials for vascular tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:79-106. [PMID: 34384912 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering is a rapidly growing field of regenerative medicine, which strives to find innovative solutions for vascular reconstruction. Considering the limited success of synthetic grafts, research impetus in the field is now shifted towards finding biologically active vascular substitutes bestowing in situ growth potential. In this regard, silk biomaterials have shown remarkable potential owing to their favorable inherent biological and mechanical properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progressive development of silk-based small diameter (<6 mm) tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), emphasizing their pre-clinical implications. Herein, we first discuss the molecular structure of various mulberry and non-mulberry silkworm silk and identify their favorable properties at the onset of vascular regeneration. The emergence of various state-of-the-art fabrication methodologies for the advancement of silk TEVGs is rationally appraised in terms of their in vivo performance considering the following parameters: ease of handling, long-term patency, resistance to acute thrombosis, stenosis and aneurysm formation, immune reaction, neo-tissue formation, and overall remodeling. Finally, we provide an update on the pre-clinical status of silk-based TEVGs, followed by current challenges and future prospects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Limited availability of healthy autologous blood vessels to replace their diseased counterpart is concerning and demands other artificial substitutes. Currently available synthetic grafts are not suitable for small diameter blood vessels owing to frequent blockage. Tissue-engineered biological grafts tend to integrate well with the native tissue via remodeling and have lately witnessed remarkable success. Silk fibroin is a natural biomaterial, which has long been used as medical sutures. This review aims to identify several favorable properties of silk enabling vascular regeneration. Furthermore, various methodologies to fabricate tubular grafts are discussed and highlight their performance in animal models. An overview of our understanding to rationally improve the biological activity fostering the clinical success of silk-based grafts is finally discussed.
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Mestres CA, Rancic Z. Commentary: Still searching for the Holy Grail 70 years later: I can see some light. JTCVS OPEN 2021; 6:159-160. [PMID: 36003576 PMCID: PMC9390762 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Mestres
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Zoran Rancic
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Tang Z, Wang X, Yang J, Song X, Huang Y, Chen C, Yang H, Fu Z, Gong X, Chen G. Microconvex Dot-Featured Silk Fibroin Films for Promoting Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis via Enhancing the Expression of bFGF and VEGF. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2420-2429. [PMID: 33878261 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient vascularization of grafts often leads to delayed tissue ingrowth and impaired tissue function in tissue engineering. The surface topography of grafts plays critical roles in angiogenesis. In the present study, we prepared silk fibroin (SF)-based microtopography films with the number of convex dots ranging from 37 to 4835/mm2. The convex dot-featured topography surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, a Profilm3D optical profilometer, atomic force microscopy, and a contact angle goniometer. The effect of microtopographic films on the proliferation, adhesion, and expression of angiogenic factors of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. Our results demonstrated that the SF film surface with 2899 convex dots/mm2 significantly enhanced adhesion, viability, and levels of vascular endothelial growth factors and basic fibroblast growth factors of HUVECs and significantly downregulated the level of α-SMA in human aortic smooth muscle cells, indicating that the microtopographic films could promote angiogenesis. Furthermore, in vitro results showed that HUVEC proliferation was positively correlated with yes-associated protein (YAP) activation, suggesting that the enhanced angiogenesis was mediated via the YAP pathway. Finally, mice subcutaneous embedding model results indicated that the SF film surface with 2899 convex dots/mm2 could significantly enhance angiogenesis in vivo. Altogether, our results showed that the SF film surface with 2899 convex dots/mm2 promoted the angiogenesis of HUVECs and offered a novel angiogenesis-promoting strategy of implant surface design for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexiong Tang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiongbo Song
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhenlan Fu
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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