Injectable click-crosslinked hydrogel containing resveratrol to improve the therapeutic effect in triple negative breast cancer

Prognostic Significance of Albumin-Globulin Ratio in Urachal Carcinoma

INTRODUCTION

Although albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) has been used in the prognostic assessment of multiple solid malignancies, so far no research has confirmed the prognostic significance of AGR as a biomarker for urachal carcinoma. We analyzed the relationship between AGR and prognosis in urachal carcinoma, aiming to identify a promising prognostic biomarker for urachal carcinoma.

METHODS

We reviewed the clinical data of 25 patients diagnosed with urachal carcinoma in the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from January 2008 to October 2021. The best cut-off value of preoperative AGR was determined according to the receiver operator characteristic curve. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the effect of preoperative AGR on the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze prognostic factors including preoperative AGR.

RESULTS

The best cut-off value of preoperative AGR in urachal carcinoma patients is 1.45. Low preoperative AGR is significantly associated with worse OS and RFS. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis indicated that low preoperative AGR is an independent and reliable factor to predict poor prognosis, OS, and RFS in urachal carcinoma patients.

CONCLUSION

Urachal carcinoma patients with low preoperative AGR have worse prognosis, and preoperative AGR is a valuable prognostic indicator for urachal carcinoma research.

Potential of Resveratrol to Combine with Hydrogel for Photodynamic Therapy against Bacteria and Cancer-A Review

Bacterial infections and cancers are important issues in public health around the world. Currently, Western medicine is the most suitable approach when dealing with these issues. "Antibiotics" and "Corticosteroids" are the Western medicines used for bacterial infection. "Chemotherapy drugs", "surgery", and "radiotherapy" are common techniques used to treat cancer. These are conventional treatments with many side effects. PDT is a non-invasive and effective therapy for bacterial infection and cancer diseases.

METHODS

Nine electronic databases, namely WanFang Data, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched to conduct this literature review, without any regard to language constraints. Studies focusing on the photodynamic actions of hydrogel and Resveratrol were included that evaluated the effect of PDT against bacteria and cancer. All eligible studies were analyzed and summarized in this review.

RESULTS

Resveratrol has antibacterial and anticancer effects. It can also act as PS in PDT or adjuvant but has some limitations. This is much better when combined with a hydrogel to enhance the effectiveness of PDT in the fight against bacteria and cancer.

CONCLUSIONS

Resveratrol combined with hydrogel is possible for PDT treatment in bacteria and cancer. They are compatible and reinforce each other to increase the effectiveness of PDT. However, much more work is required, such as cytotoxicity safety assessments of the human body and further enhancing the effectiveness of PDT in different environments for future investigations.

Recent advances in nanodelivery systems of resveratrol and their biomedical and food applications: a review

Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenolic compound with numerous functional properties, such as anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-obesity and more. However, resveratrol's poor solubility within aqueous media and low stability usually lead to compromised bioavailability, ultimately limiting its uptake and applications. Nanodelivery technologies have been studied intensively due to their potential in effectively improving resveratrol properties, thereby providing promising solutions for enhancing the bioavailability of resveratrol. Thus, this article aimed to review the recent advances of resveratrol nanodelivery systems, specifically on the types of nanodelivery systems, the corresponding preparation principles, advantages, as well as potential limitations associated. Meanwhile, studies have also found that coupled with nanodelivery systems, the functional properties of resveratrol could trigger apoptosis in cancer cells and inflammatory cells through various signaling pathways. Therefore, this article will also lead into discussions on the application aspects of resveratrol nanodelivery systems, emphasizing toward the fields of biomedical and food sciences. Potential pitfalls of resveratrol nanodelivery systems, such as issues with toxicity and target release, as well as outlooks regarding resveratrol nanodelivery systems are included in the Conclusion section, in the hope to provide insights for relevant future research.

Nanotechnology-mediated delivery of resveratrol as promising strategy to improve therapeutic efficacy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): progress and promises

INTRODUCTION

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Resveratrol exhibits potential as a therapeutic intervention against TNBC by regulating various pathways such as the PI3K/AKT, RAS/RAF/ERK, PKCδ, and AMPK, leading to apoptosis through ROS-mediated CHOP activationand the expression of DR4 and DR5. However, the clinical efficacy of resveratrol is limited due to its poor biopharmaceutical characteristics and low bioavailability at the tumor site. Nanotechnology offers a promising approach to improving the biopharmaceutical characteristics of resveratrol to achieve clinical efficacy in different cancers. The small dimension (<200 nm) of nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery system is helpful to improve the bioavailability, internalization into the TNBC cell, ligand-specific targeted delivery of loaded resveratrol to tumor site including reversal of MDR (multi-drug resistance) condition.

AREAS COVERED

This manuscript provides a comprehensive discussion on the structure-activity relationship (SAR), underlying anticancer mechanism, evidence of anticancer activity in in-vitro/in-vivo investigations, and the significance of nanotechnology-mediated delivery of resveratrol in TNBC.

EXPERT OPINION

Advanced nano-formulations of resveratrol such as oxidized mesoporous carbon nanoparticles, macrophage-derived vesicular system, functionalized gold nanoparticles, etc. have increased the accumulation of loaded therapeutics at the tumor-site, and avoid off-target drug release. In conclusion, nano-resveratrol as a strategy may provide improved tumor-specific image-guided treatment options for TNBC utilizing theranostic approach.

Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Phenolic Compound Nanodelivery for Cancer Therapy

Phenolic compounds are bioactive phytochemicals showing a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Moreover, they are associated with fewer side effects compared to most currently used antitumor drugs. Combinations of phenolic compounds with commonly used drugs have been largely studied as an approach aimed at enhancing the efficacy of anticancer drugs and reducing their deleterious systemic effects. In addition, some of these compounds are reported to reduce tumor cell drug resistance by modulating different signaling pathways. However, often, their application is limited due to their chemical instability, low water solubility, or scarce bioavailability. Nanoformulations, including polyphenols in combination or not with anticancer drugs, represent a suitable strategy to enhance their stability and bioavailability and, thus, improve their therapeutic activity. In recent years, the development of hyaluronic acid-based systems for specific drug delivery to cancer cells has represented a pursued therapeutic strategy. This is related to the fact that this natural polysaccharide binds to the CD44 receptor that is overexpressed in most solid cancers, thus allowing its efficient internalization in tumor cells. Moreover, it is characterized by high biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Here, we will focus on and critically analyze the results obtained in recent studies regarding the use of hyaluronic acid for the targeted delivery of bioactive phenolic compounds to cancer cells of different origins, alone or in combination with drugs.