1
|
Kunachowicz D, Ściskalska M, Jakubek M, Kizek R, Kepinska M. Structural changes in selected human proteins induced by exposure to quantum dots, their biological relevance and possible biomedical applications. NANOIMPACT 2022; 26:100405. [PMID: 35560289 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semi-conductor luminescent nanocrystals usually of 2-10 nm diameter, attracting the significant attention in biomedical studies since emerged. Due to their unique optical and electronic properties, i.e. wide absorption spectra, narrow tunable emission bands or stable, bright photoluminescence, QDs seem to be ideally suited for multi-colour, simultaneous bioimaging and cellular labeling at the molecular level as new-generation probes. A highly reactive surface of QDs allows for conjugating them to biomolecules, what enables their direct binding to areas of interest inside or outside the cell for biosensing or targeted delivery. Particularly protein-QDs conjugates are current subjects of research, as features of QDs can be combined with protein specific functionalities and therefore used as a complex in variety of biomedical applications. It is known that QDs are able to interact with cells, organelles and macromolecules of the human body after administration. QDs are reported to cause changes at proteins level, including unfolding and three-dimensional structure alterations which might hamper proteins from performing their physiological functions and thereby limit the use of QD-protein conjugates in vivo. Moreover, these changes may trigger unwanted cellular outcomes as the effect of different signaling pathways activation. In this review, characteristics of QDs interactions with certain human proteins are presented and discussed. Besides that, the following manuscript provides an overview on structural changes of specific proteins exposed to QDs and their biological and biomedical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kunachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Milena Ściskalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Buhr CR, Eckrich J, Kluenker M, Bruns K, Wiesmann N, Tremel W, Brieger J. Determination of the LD 50 with the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay as a promising alternative in nanotoxicological evaluation. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:690-705. [PMID: 33979554 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1916635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity tests in rodents are still considered a controversial topic concerning their ethical justifiability. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay may offer a simple and inexpensive alternative. The CAM assay is easy to perform and has low bureaucratic hurdles. At the same time, the CAM assay allows the application of a broad variety of analytical methods in the field of nanotoxicological research. We evaluated the CAM assay as a methodology for the determination of nanotoxicity. Therefore we calculated the median lethal dose (LD50), performed in vivo microscopy and immunohistochemistry to identify organ-specific accumulation profiles, potential organ damage, and the kinetics of the in vivo circulation of the nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were intravascularly injected on day 10 of the egg development and showed an LD50 of 17.5 µM (1.4 µg/mLeggcontent). In comparison, the LD50 of equivalent amounts of Zn2+ was 4.6 µM (0.6 µg/mLeggcontent). Silica encapsulated ZnO@SiO2 nanoparticles conjugated with fluorescein circulated in the bloodstream for at least 24 h. Particles accumulated mostly in the liver and kidney. In immunohistochemical staining, organ damage was detected only in liver tissue after intravascular injection of zinc oxide nanoparticles in very high concentrations. Zinc oxide nanoparticles showed a different pharmacokinetic profile compared to Zn2+ ions. In conclusion, the CAM assay has proven to be a promising methodology for evaluating nanotoxicity and for the assessment of the in vivo accumulation profiles of nanoparticles. These findings may qualify the methodology for risk assessment of innovative nanotherapeutics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Raphael Buhr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonas Eckrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Kluenker
- Department of Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Bruns
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Department of Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buhr CR, Wiesmann N, Tanner RC, Brieger J, Eckrich J. The Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay in Nanotoxicological Research-An Alternative for In Vivo Experimentation. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122328. [PMID: 33255445 PMCID: PMC7760845 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials unveil many applicational possibilities for technical and medical purposes, which range from imaging techniques to the use as drug carriers. Prior to any human application, analysis of undesired effects and characterization of their toxicological profile is mandatory. To address this topic, animal models, and rodent models in particular, are most frequently used. However, as the reproducibility and transferability to the human organism of animal experimental data is increasingly questioned and the awareness of animal welfare in society increases at the same time, methodological alternatives are urgently required. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is an increasingly popular in ovo experimental organism suitable for replacement of rodent experimentation. In this review, we outline several application fields for the CAM assay in the field of nanotoxicology. Furthermore, analytical methods applicable with this model were evaluated in detail. We further discuss ethical, financial, and bureaucratic aspects and benchmark the assay with other established in vivo models such as rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph R. Buhr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; (C.R.B.); (N.W.); (R.C.T.); (J.E.)
| | - Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; (C.R.B.); (N.W.); (R.C.T.); (J.E.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, -Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Rachel C. Tanner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; (C.R.B.); (N.W.); (R.C.T.); (J.E.)
| | - Jürgen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; (C.R.B.); (N.W.); (R.C.T.); (J.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-6131-17-3354
| | - Jonas Eckrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany; (C.R.B.); (N.W.); (R.C.T.); (J.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yao J, Li P, Li L, Yang M. Biochemistry and biomedicine of quantum dots: from biodetection to bioimaging, drug discovery, diagnostics, and therapy. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:36-55. [PMID: 29734008 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
According to recent research, nanotechnology based on quantum dots (QDs) has been widely applied in the field of bioimaging, drug delivery, and drug analysis. Therefore, it has become one of the major forces driving basic and applied research. The application of nanotechnology in bioimaging has been of concern. Through in vitro labeling, it was found that luminescent QDs possess many properties such as narrow emission, broad UV excitation, bright fluorescence, and high photostability. The QDs also show great potential in whole-body imaging. The QDs can be combined with biomolecules, and hence, they can be used for targeted drug delivery and diagnosis. The characteristics of QDs make them useful for application in pharmacy and pharmacology. This review focuses on various applications of QDs, especially in imaging, drug delivery, pharmaceutical analysis, photothermal therapy, biochips, and targeted surgery. Finally, conclusions are made by providing some critical challenges and a perspective of how this field can be expected to develop in the future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Quantum dots (QDs) is an emerging field of interdisciplinary subject that involves physics, chemistry, materialogy, biology, medicine, and so on. In addition, nanotechnology based on QDs has been applied in depth in biochemistry and biomedicine. Some forward-looking fields emphatically reflected in some extremely vital areas that possess inspiring potential applicable prospects, such as immunoassay, DNA analysis, biological monitoring, drug discovery, in vitro labelling, in vivo imaging, and tumor target are closely connected to human life and health and has been the top and forefront in science and technology to date. Furthermore, this review has not only involved the traditional biochemical detection but also particularly emphasized its potential applications in life science and biomedicine.
Collapse
|
5
|
Moreno-Jiménez I, Kanczler JM, Hulsart-Billstrom G, Inglis S, Oreffo RO. The Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay for Biomaterial Testing in Tissue Engineering: A Short-TermIn VivoPreclinical Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:938-952. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moreno-Jiménez
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Janos M. Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gry Hulsart-Billstrom
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Inglis
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O.C. Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cadmium-containing quantum dots: properties, applications, and toxicity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2713-2733. [PMID: 28251268 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The marriage of biology with nanomaterials has significantly accelerated advancement of biological techniques, profoundly facilitating practical applications in biomedical fields. With unique optical properties (e.g., tunable broad excitation, narrow emission spectra, robust photostability, and high quantum yield), fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have been reasonably functionalized with controllable interfaces and extensively used as a new class of optical probe in biological researches. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in synthesis and properties of QDs. Moreover, we provide an overview of the outstanding potential of QDs for biomedical research and innovative methods of drug delivery. Specifically, the applications of QDs as novel fluorescent nanomaterials for biomedical sensing and imaging have been detailedly highlighted and discussed. In addition, recent concerns on potential toxicity of QDs are also introduced, ranging from cell researches to animal models.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fercana GR, Yerneni S, Billaud M, Hill JC, VanRyzin P, Richards TD, Sicari BM, Johnson SA, Badylak SF, Campbell PG, Gleason TG, Phillippi JA. Perivascular extracellular matrix hydrogels mimic native matrix microarchitecture and promote angiogenesis via basic fibroblast growth factor. Biomaterials 2017; 123:142-154. [PMID: 28167392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived bioscaffolds have been shown to elicit tissue repair through retention of bioactive signals. Given that the adventitia of large blood vessels is a richly vascularized microenvironment, we hypothesized that perivascular ECM contains bioactive signals that influence cells of blood vessel lineages. ECM bioscaffolds were derived from decellularized human and porcine aortic adventitia (hAdv and pAdv, respectively) and then shown have minimal DNA content and retain elastin and collagen proteins. Hydrogel formulations of hAdv and pAdv ECM bioscaffolds exhibited gelation kinetics similar to ECM hydrogels derived from porcine small intestinal submucosa (pSIS). hAdv and pAdv ECM hydrogels displayed thinner, less undulated, and fibrous microarchitecture reminiscent of native adventitia, with slight differences in ultrastructure visible in comparison to pSIS ECM hydrogels. Pepsin-digested pAdv and pSIS ECM bioscaffolds increased proliferation of human adventitia-derived endothelial cells and this effect was mediated in part by basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2). Human endothelial cells cultured on Matrigel substrates formed more numerous and longer tube-like structures when supplemented with pAdv ECM bioscaffolds, and FGF2 mediated this matrix signaling. ECM bioscaffolds derived from pAdv promoted FGF2-dependent in vivo angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Using an angiogenesis-focused protein array, we detected 55 angiogenesis-related proteins, including FGF2 in hAdv, pAdv and pSIS ECMs. Interestingly, 19 of these factors were less abundant in ECMs bioscaffolds derived from aneurysmal specimens of human aorta when compared with non-aneurysmal (normal) specimens. This study reveals that Adv ECM hydrogels recapitulate matrix fiber microarchitecture of native adventitia, and retain angiogenesis-related actors and bioactive properties such as FGF2 signaling capable of influencing processes important for angiogenesis. This work supports the use of Adv ECM bioscaffolds for both discovery biology and potential translation towards microvascular regeneration in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George R Fercana
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Saigopalakrishna Yerneni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Marie Billaud
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jennifer C Hill
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Paul VanRyzin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tara D Richards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian M Sicari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Scott A Johnson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Phil G Campbell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Thomas G Gleason
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Julie A Phillippi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mukherjee A, Shim Y, Myong Song J. Quantum dot as probe for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:31-42. [PMID: 26709963 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) possess unique optical and electric properties like size-tunable light emission, narrow emission range, high brightness and photostability. Recent research advances have minimized the toxicity of QDs and they are successfully used in in vitro and in vivo imaging. Encapsulation of QDs into polymeric nanoparticles and linking them with targeting ligands enabled the detection of tumors and cancer cells in vivo. QD-antibody conjugates were successfully used in monitoring and diagnosis of HIV and myocardial infarction. Application of near infrared (NIR) QDs was found to minimize the absorption and scattering of light by native tissues thus rendering them suitable in deep tissue analysis. Aggregation and endosomal sequestration of QDs pose major challenges for the effective delivery of QDs to the cell cytosol. Toxicity minimization and effective delivery strategies may further increase their suitability for utilization in disease diagnosis. New synthesis of QDs may provide new types of bioconjugates of QDs to biomolecules, which leads to a variety of applications to many challenged research areas. QDs with narrow emission wavelength ranges are very suitable for monitoring multiple cellular targets simultaneously, and still remain the best known probes for imaging as an alternative to traditional fluorophores in disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yumi Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen T, Tekrony A, Yaehne K, Cramb DT. Designing a better theranostic nanocarrier for cancer applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:2371-86. [PMID: 25413855 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers show incredible potential in theranostic applications as they offer diagnostic capabilities along with the ability to encapsulate and protect drugs from degradation, be functionalized with targeting moieties and be designed with controlled release mechanisms. Most clinically approved nanocarrier drugs are liposomal formulations. As such, considerable research has been directed towards designing liposomal carriers that can release their payloads via exogenous or endogenous triggers. For triggered release to effectively increase drug bioavailability, nanocarriers must first accumulate at the tumor site via the enhanced retention and permeability effect. It has been demonstrated in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane and murine xenografted models that nanoparticle surface charge and geometry, with respect to vascular endothelium fenestration size, drive this accumulation in angiogenic tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Nguyen
- University of Calgary, Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuzyniak W, Adegoke O, Sekhosana K, D’Souza S, Tshangana SC, Hoffmann B, Ermilov EA, Nyokong T, Höpfner M. Synthesis and characterization of quantum dots designed for biomedical use. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:382-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Helle M, Rampazzo E, Monchanin M, Marchal F, Guillemin F, Bonacchi S, Salis F, Prodi L, Bezdetnaya L. Surface chemistry architecture of silica nanoparticles determine the efficiency of in vivo fluorescence lymph node mapping. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8645-57. [PMID: 24070236 DOI: 10.1021/nn402792a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) imaging of the lymphatic system offers a sensitive, versatile, and accurate lymph node mapping to locate the first, potentially metastatic, draining nodes in the operating room. Many luminescent nanoprobes have received great attention in this field, and the design of nontoxic and bright nanosystems is of crucial importance. Fluorescent NIR-emitting dye doped silica nanoparticles represent valuable platforms to fulfill these scopes, providing sufficient brightness, resistance to photobleaching, and hydrophilic nontoxic materials. Here, we synthesized these highly stable core-shell nanoparticles with a programmable surface charge positioning and determined the effect of these physicochemical properties on their in vivo behavior. In addition, we characterized their fluorescence kinetic profile in the right axillary lymph node (RALN) mapping. We found that nanoparticles with negative charges hidden by a PEG shell are more appropriate than those with external negative charges in the mapping of lymph nodes. We also demonstrated the efficient excretion of these nanostructures by the hepatobiliary route and their nontoxicity in mice up to 3 months postinjection. These results indicate the potential future development of these fluorescent nanosystems for LN mapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Helle
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine , UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Giannaccini M, Cuschieri A, Dente L, Raffa V. Non-mammalian vertebrate embryos as models in nanomedicine. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 10:703-19. [PMID: 24103306 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Various in vivo biological models have been proposed for studying the interactions of nano-materials in biological systems. Unfortunately, the widely used small mammalian animal models (rodents) are costly and labor intensive and generate ethical issues and antagonism from the anti-vivisectionist movement. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the scientific community in the interactions between nano-materials and non-mammalian developmental organisms, which are now being recognized as valid models for the study of human disease. This review examines and discusses the biomedical applications and the interaction of nano-materials with embryonic systems, focusing on non-mammalian vertebrate models, such as chicken, zebrafish and Xenopus. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Animal models are critical components of preclinical biomedical research. This review discusses the feasibility and potential applications of non-mammalian vertebral animals, such as zebrafish, xenopus, and chicken as animal models in nanomedicine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giannaccini
- Department of Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alfred Cuschieri
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciana Dente
- Department of Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Raffa
- Department of Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yaehne K, Tekrony A, Clancy A, Gregoriou Y, Walker J, Dean K, Nguyen T, Doiron A, Rinker K, Jiang XY, Childs S, Cramb D. Nanoparticle accumulation in angiogenic tissues: towards predictable pharmacokinetics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:3118-3127. [PMID: 23463664 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly used in medical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and biodiagnostics, particularly for cancer. The design of nanoparticles for tumor delivery has been largely empirical, owing to a lack of quantitative data on angiogenic tissue sequestration. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, the deposition rate constants of nanoparticles into angiogenic blood vessel tissue are determined. It is shown that deposition is dependent on surface charge. Moreover, the size dependency strongly suggests that nanoparticles are taken up by a passive mechanism that depends largely on geometry. These findings imply that it is possible to tune nanoparticle pharmacokinetics simply by adjusting nanoparticle size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Yaehne
- Department of Chemistry, 2500 University Dr NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fang M, Peng CW, Pang DW, Li Y. Quantum dots for cancer research: current status, remaining issues, and future perspectives. Cancer Biol Med 2013; 9:151-63. [PMID: 23691472 PMCID: PMC3643664 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to public health in the 21st century because it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis remain unclear. Thus, the development of a novel approach for cancer detection is urgent, and real-time monitoring is crucial in revealing its underlying biological mechanisms. With the optical and chemical advantages of quantum dots (QDs), QD-based nanotechnology is helpful in constructing a biomedical imaging platform for cancer behavior study. This review mainly focuses on the application of QD-based nanotechnology in cancer cell imaging and tumor microenvironment studies both in vivo and in vitro, as well as the remaining issues and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cassette E, Helle M, Bezdetnaya L, Marchal F, Dubertret B, Pons T. Design of new quantum dot materials for deep tissue infrared imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:719-31. [PMID: 22981756 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared fluorescence offers several advantages for tissue and in vivo imaging thanks to deeper photon penetration. In this article, we review a promising class of near infrared emitting probes based on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), which have the potential to considerably improve in vivo fluorescence imaging thanks to their high brightness and stability. We discuss in particular the different criteria to optimize the design of near infrared QDs. We present the recent developments in the synthesis of novel QD materials and their different in vivo imaging applications, including lymph node localization, vasculature imaging, tumor localization, as well as cell tracking and QD-based multimodal probes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The requirements for early diagnostics as well as effective treatment of insidious diseases such as cancer constantly increase the pressure on development of efficient and reliable methods for targeted drug/gene delivery as well as imaging of the treatment success/failure. One of the most recent approaches covering both the drug delivery as well as the imaging aspects is benefitting from the unique properties of nanomaterials. Therefore a new field called nanomedicine is attracting continuously growing attention. Nanoparticles, including fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) and magnetic nanoparticles, have proven their excellent properties for in vivo imaging techniques in a number of modalities such as magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging, respectively. In this article, we review the main properties and applications of nanoparticles in various in vitro imaging techniques, including microscopy and/or laser breakdown spectroscopy and in vivo methods such as magnetic resonance imaging and/or fluorescence-based imaging. Moreover the advantages of the drug delivery performed by nanocarriers such as iron oxides, gold, biodegradable polymers, dendrimers, lipid based carriers such as liposomes or micelles are also highlighted.
Collapse
|
17
|
Loginova YF, Kazachkina NI, Zherdeva VV, Rusanov AL, Shirmanova MV, Zagaynova EV, Sergeeva EA, Dezhurov SV, Wakstein MS, Savitsky AP. Biodistribution of intact fluorescent CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots coated by mercaptopropionic acid after intravenous injection into mice. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:848-859. [PMID: 23109471 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) have been widely used for fluorescent bioimaging. However their biosafety has attracted increasing attention, since the data about their in vivo behavior in biological systems are still limited. In this paper we have investigated the short- and long-term biodistribution of intact fluorescent CdSe/CdS/ZnS QD coated by 3-mercaptopropionic acid in mice. The results showed that intravenously injected QD accumulated mainly in the lungs, liver and spleen and were retained in these tissues for over 22 days. QD caused signs of acute toxicity in mice including death. The investigated QD possibly caused vascular thrombosis. The results of a toxicological assay indicated that some histopathological changes occurred in the lung tissue after the injection of QD. Our study highlights the need for careful evaluation of QD safety before their use in biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana F Loginova
- A N Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pericleous P, Gazouli M, Lyberopoulou A, Rizos S, Nikiteas N, Efstathopoulos EP. Quantum dots hold promise for early cancer imaging and detection. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:519-28. [PMID: 22411309 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite all major breakthroughs in recent years of research concerning the complex events that lead to cancer expression and metastasis, we are not yet able to effectively treat cancer that has spread to vital organs. The various clinical phases originating from cancer diagnosis through treatment and prognosis require a comprehensive understanding of these events, to utilise pre-symptomatic, minimally invasive and targeted cancer management techniques. Current imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and gamma scintigraphy facilitate the pre-operative study of tumours, but they have been rendered unable to visualise cancer in early stages, due to their intrinsic limitations. The semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have excellent photo-physical properties, and the QDs-based probes have achieved encouraging developments in cellular (in vitro) and in vivo molecular imaging. However, the same unique physical and chemical properties which renowned QDs attractive may be associated with their potentially catastrophic effects on living cells and tissues. There are critical issues that need to be further examined to properly assess the risks associated with the manufacturing and use of QDs in cancer management. In this review, we aim to describe the current utilisation of QDs as well as their future prospective to decipher and confront cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Loginova Y, Dezhurov S, Zherdeva V, Kazachkina N, Wakstein M, Savitsky A. Biodistribution and stability of CdSe core quantum dots in mouse digestive tract following per os administration: Advantages of double polymer/silica coated nanocrystals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials for therapeutic and diagnostic imaging applications. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3888-927. [PMID: 21747714 PMCID: PMC3131598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12063888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers outstanding potential for future biomedical applications. In particular, due to their unique characteristics, hybrid nanomaterials have recently been investigated as promising platforms for imaging and therapeutic applications. This class of nanoparticles can not only retain valuable features of both inorganic and organic moieties, but also provides the ability to systematically modify the properties of the hybrid material through the combination of functional elements. Moreover, the conjugation of targeting moieties on the surface of these nanomaterials gives them specific targeted imaging and therapeutic properties. In this review, we summarize the recent reports in the synthesis of hybrid nanomaterials and their applications in biomedical areas. Their applications as imaging and therapeutic agents in vivo will be highlighted.
Collapse
|
22
|
Obonyo O, Fisher E, Edwards M, Douroumis D. Quantum dots synthesis and biological applications as imaging and drug delivery systems. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 30:283-301. [PMID: 20528252 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2010.487184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) synthesized by metal ions and colloid stabilizers have been explored as promising probes in advanced imaging techniques, tumor diagnostic agents, and drug delivery systems. The ability to modulate QDs surface chemistry through particle--shape control, surface coating, and surface functionalization-has rendered them a valuable tool in biological sciences. The tremendous advances in nanotechnology revealed the unique properties of QD crystals in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In this review, we summarize the recent trends in QD synthesis, surface modification, and biological applications particularly for cancer targeting and treatment.
Collapse
|
23
|
In vitro and in vivo imaging with quantum dots. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1397-415. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
24
|
Ma Q, Su X. Near-infrared quantum dots: synthesis, functionalization and analytical applications. Analyst 2010; 135:1867-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00233j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
25
|
Al-Jamal WT, Al-Jamal KT, Tian B, Cakebread A, Halket JM, Kostarelos K. Tumor targeting of functionalized quantum dot-liposome hybrids by intravenous administration. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:520-30. [PMID: 19718803 DOI: 10.1021/mp800187d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A strategy to target functionalized quantum dot-liposome (f-QD-L) hybrid vesicles in the solid tumor tissue of tumor-bearing mice is explored. Functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid coated QD (f-QD) were encapsulated into the aqueous core of 100 nm cationic (DOPC:Chol: DOTAP); sterically stabilized, fluid-phase (DOPC:Chol:DSPE-PEG2000); and sterically stabilized, gel-phase (DSPC:Chol:DSPE-PEG2000) liposome vesicles. Double tracking of f-QD-L in blood was performed at different time points after intravenous administration in B16F10 melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL6 mice. Cholesteryl [-1-14C] oleate lipids probed the vesicle membrane were followed by liquid scintillation counting while QD were determined independently by elemental (Cd2+) analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Rapid blood clearance was observed following intravenous administration of the cationic hybrid vesicles, while incorporation of PEG at the surface of zwitterionic vesicles dramatically prolonged their blood circulation half-life after systemic administration. The "rigid" PEGylated f-QD-L (DSPC:Chol:DSPE-PEG2000) hybrid vesicles led to rapid tumor accumulation of peak values (approximately 5% of injected dose per gram tissue) of QD compared to long-circulating f-QD that accumulated in the tumor tissue at longer time points. More interestingly, this hybrid vesicle tumor retention persisted for at least 24 h. For almost all types of systems, a preferential cadmium uptake by liver and spleen was obtained. Overall, f-QD-L hybrid vesicles offer great potential for tumor imaging applications due to their rapid accumulation and prolonged retention within the tumor. Furthermore, f-QD-L offer many opportunities for the development of combinatory therapeutic and imaging (theranostic) modalities by incorporating both drug molecules and QD within the different compartments of a single vesicle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafa T Al-Jamal
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N lAX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Walling MA, Novak JA, Shepard JRE. Quantum dots for live cell and in vivo imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2009. [PMID: 19333416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10020441;+10.3390/ijms10020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, technology has made immeasurable strides to enable visualization, identification, and quantitation in biological systems. Many of these technological advancements are occurring on the nanometer scale, where multiple scientific disciplines are combining to create new materials with enhanced properties. The integration of inorganic synthetic methods with a size reduction to the nano-scale has lead to the creation of a new class of optical reporters, called quantum dots. These semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals have emerged as an alternative to organic dyes and fluorescent proteins, and are brighter and more stable against photobleaching than standard fluorescent indicators. Quantum dots have tunable optical properties that have proved useful in a wide range of applications from multiplexed analysis such as DNA detection and cell sorting and tracking, to most recently demonstrating promise for in vivo imaging and diagnostics. This review provides an in-depth discussion of past, present, and future trends in quantum dot use with an emphasis on in vivo imaging and its related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Walling
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jennifer A Novak
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jason R E Shepard
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
In the past few decades, technology has made immeasurable strides to enable visualization, identification, and quantitation in biological systems. Many of these technological advancements are occurring on the nanometer scale, where multiple scientific disciplines are combining to create new materials with enhanced properties. The integration of inorganic synthetic methods with a size reduction to the nano-scale has lead to the creation of a new class of optical reporters, called quantum dots. These semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals have emerged as an alternative to organic dyes and fluorescent proteins, and are brighter and more stable against photobleaching than standard fluorescent indicators. Quantum dots have tunable optical properties that have proved useful in a wide range of applications from multiplexed analysis such as DNA detection and cell sorting and tracking, to most recently demonstrating promise for in vivo imaging and diagnostics. This review provides an in-depth discussion of past, present, and future trends in quantum dot use with an emphasis on in vivo imaging and its related applications.
Collapse
|
28
|
Walling MA, Novak JA, Shepard JRE. Quantum dots for live cell and in vivo imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:441-491. [PMID: 19333416 PMCID: PMC2660663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, technology has made immeasurable strides to enable visualization, identification, and quantitation in biological systems. Many of these technological advancements are occurring on the nanometer scale, where multiple scientific disciplines are combining to create new materials with enhanced properties. The integration of inorganic synthetic methods with a size reduction to the nano-scale has lead to the creation of a new class of optical reporters, called quantum dots. These semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals have emerged as an alternative to organic dyes and fluorescent proteins, and are brighter and more stable against photobleaching than standard fluorescent indicators. Quantum dots have tunable optical properties that have proved useful in a wide range of applications from multiplexed analysis such as DNA detection and cell sorting and tracking, to most recently demonstrating promise for in vivo imaging and diagnostics. This review provides an in-depth discussion of past, present, and future trends in quantum dot use with an emphasis on in vivo imaging and its related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Walling
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; E-Mails:
(M. W.);
(J. N.)
| | - Jennifer A Novak
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; E-Mails:
(M. W.);
(J. N.)
| | - Jason R. E Shepard
- University at Albany, Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; E-Mails:
(M. W.);
(J. N.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yong KT, Roy I, Swihart MT, Prasad PN. Multifunctional Nanoparticles as Biocompatible Targeted Probes for Human Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 19:4655-4672. [PMID: 20305738 DOI: 10.1039/b817667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles in biological application has been rapidly advancing toward practical applications in human cancer diagnosis and therapy. Upon linking the nanoparticles with biomolecules, they can be used to locate cancerous area as well as for traceable drug delivery with high affinity and specificity. In this review, we discuss the engineering of multifunctional nanoparticle probes and their use in bioimaging and nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Tye Yong
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pathak AP, Hochfeld WE, Goodman SL, Pepper MS. Circulating and imaging markers for angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2008; 11:321-35. [PMID: 18925424 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-008-9119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abundant preclinical and indirect clinical data have for several decades convincingly supported the notion that anti-angiogenesis is an effective strategy for the inhibition of tumor growth. The recent success achieved in patients with metastatic colon carcinoma using a neutralizing antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has translated preclinical optimism into a clinical reality.With this transformation in the field of angiogenesis has come a need for reliable surrogate markers. A surrogate marker by definition serves as a substitute for the underlying process in question, and in the case of angiogenesis, microvessel density (usually in so-called "hot-spots") has until now been the most widely used parameter. However, this parameter is more akin to a static "snap-shot" and does not lend itself either to the dynamic in situ assessment of the status of the tumor microvasculature or to the molecular factors that regulate its growth and involution. This has led to an acute need for developing circulating and imaging markers of angiogenesis that can be monitored in vivo at repeated intervals in large number of patients with a variety of tumors in a non-invasive manner. Such markers of angiogenesis are the subject of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind P Pathak
- JHU ICMIC Program, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
SMITH A, DUAN H, MOHS A, NIE S. Bioconjugated quantum dots for in vivo molecular and cellular imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1226-1240. [PMID: 18495291 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 733] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are tiny light-emitting particles on the nanometer scale, and are emerging as a new class of fluorescent labels for biology and medicine. In comparison with organic dyes and fluorescent proteins, they have unique optical and electronic properties, with size-tunable light emission, superior signal brightness, resistance to photobleaching, and broad absorption spectra for simultaneous excitation of multiple fluorescence colors. QDs also provide a versatile nanoscale scaffold for designing multifunctional nanoparticles with both imaging and therapeutic functions. When linked with targeting ligands such as antibodies, peptides or small molecules, QDs can be used to target tumor biomarkers as well as tumor vasculatures with high affinity and specificity. Here we discuss the synthesis and development of state-of-the-art QD probes and their use for molecular and cellular imaging. We also examine key issues for in vivo imaging and therapy, such as nanoparticle biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology.
Collapse
|
32
|
Bhattacharyya S, Kulesa PM, Fraser SE. Vital labeling of embryonic cells using fluorescent dyes and proteins. Methods Cell Biol 2008; 87:187-210. [PMID: 18485298 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)00210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Bhattacharyya
- Division of Biology, MC 139-74, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Optical Fiber Sensing Using Quantum Dots. SENSORS 2007; 7:3489-3534. [PMID: 28903308 PMCID: PMC3841909 DOI: 10.3390/s7123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the application of semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantumdots, as biochemical sensors are reviewed. Quantum dots have unique optical properties thatmake them promising alternatives to traditional dyes in many luminescence basedbioanalytical techniques. An overview of the more relevant progresses in the application ofquantum dots as biochemical probes is addressed. Special focus will be given toconfigurations where the sensing dots are incorporated in solid membranes and immobilizedin optical fibers or planar waveguide platforms.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cai W, Chen X. Nanoplatforms for targeted molecular imaging in living subjects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:1840-54. [PMID: 17943716 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecular or personalized medicine is the future of patient management and molecular imaging plays a key role towards this goal. Recently, nanoplatform-based molecular imaging has emerged as an interdisciplinary field, which involves chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine. Possessing unprecedented potential for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment of diseases, nanoplatforms have been employed in every single biomedical imaging modality, namely, optical imaging, computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon-emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. Multifunctionality is the key advantage of nanoplatforms over traditional approaches. Targeting ligands, imaging labels, therapeutic drugs, and many other agents can all be integrated into the nanoplatform to allow for targeted molecular imaging and molecular therapy by encompassing many biological and biophysical barriers. In this Review, we will summarize the current state-of-the-art of nanoplatforms for targeted molecular imaging in living subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Cai
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cai W, Hsu AR, Li ZB, Chen X. Are quantum dots ready for in vivo imaging in human subjects? NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2007; 2:265-281. [PMID: 21394238 PMCID: PMC3050636 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-007-9061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to profoundly transform the nature of cancer diagnosis and cancer patient management in the future. Over the past decade, quantum dots (QDs) have become one of the fastest growing areas of research in nanotechnology. QDs are fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles suitable for multiplexed in vitro and in vivo imaging. Numerous studies on QDs have resulted in major advancements in QD surface modification, coating, biocompatibility, sensitivity, multiplexing, targeting specificity, as well as important findings regarding toxicity and applicability. For in vitro applications, QDs can be used in place of traditional organic fluorescent dyes in virtually any system, outperforming organic dyes in the majority of cases. In vivo targeted tumor imaging with biocompatible QDs has recently become possible in mouse models. With new advances in QD technology such as bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, synthesis of smaller size non-Cd based QDs, improved surface coating and conjugation, and multifunctional probes for multimodality imaging, it is likely that human applications of QDs will soon be possible in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Cai
- The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, P095, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Andrew R Hsu
- The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, P095, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Zi-Bo Li
- The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, P095, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, P095, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| |
Collapse
|