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Notch signaling and taxis mechanisms regulate early stage angiogenesis: A mathematical and computational model. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1006919. [PMID: 31986145 PMCID: PMC7021322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During angiogenesis, new blood vessels sprout and grow from existing ones. This process plays a crucial role in organ development and repair, in wound healing and in numerous pathological processes such as cancer progression or diabetes. Here, we present a mathematical model of early stage angiogenesis that permits exploration of the relative importance of mechanical, chemical and cellular cues. Endothelial cells proliferate and move over an extracellular matrix by following external gradients of Vessel Endothelial Growth Factor, adhesion and stiffness, which are incorporated to a Cellular Potts model with a finite element description of elasticity. The dynamics of Notch signaling involving Delta-4 and Jagged-1 ligands determines tip cell selection and vessel branching. Through their production rates, competing Jagged-Notch and Delta-Notch dynamics determine the influence of lateral inhibition and lateral induction on the selection of cellular phenotypes, branching of blood vessels, anastomosis (fusion of blood vessels) and angiogenesis velocity. Anastomosis may be favored or impeded depending on the mechanical configuration of strain vectors in the ECM near tip cells. Numerical simulations demonstrate that increasing Jagged production results in pathological vasculatures with thinner and more abundant vessels, which can be compensated by augmenting the production of Delta ligands. Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels grow from existing ones. This process plays a crucial role in organ development, in wound healing and in numerous pathological processes such as cancer growth or in diabetes. Angiogenesis is a complex, multi-step and well regulated process where biochemistry and physics are intertwined. The process entails signaling in vessel cells being driven by both chemical and mechanical mechanisms that result in vascular cell movement, deformation and proliferation. Mathematical models have the ability to bring together these mechanisms in order to explore their relative relevance in vessel growth. Here, we present a mathematical model of early stage angiogenesis that is able to explore the role of biochemical signaling and tissue mechanics. We use this model to unravel the regulating role of Jagged, Notch and Delta dynamics in vascular cells. These membrane proteins have an important part in determining the leading cell in each neo-vascular sprout. Numerical simulations demonstrate that increasing Jagged production results in pathological vasculatures with thinner and more abundant vessels, which can be compensated by augmenting the production of Delta ligands.
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Zhan K, Bai L, Wang G, Zuo B, Xie L, Wang X. Different angiogenesis modes and endothelial responses in implanted porous biomaterials. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:406-418. [PMID: 29951652 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An in vivo experimental model based on implanting porous biomaterials to study angiogenesis was proposed. In the implanted porous polyvinyl alcohol, three major modes of angiogenesis, sprouting, intussusception and splitting, were found. By electron microscopy and three-dimensional simulation of the angiogenic vessels, we investigated the morphological characteristics of the three modes and paid special attention to the initial morphological difference between intussusception and splitting, and it was confirmed that the endothelial abluminal invagination and intraluminal protrusion are pre-representations of intussusception and splitting, respectively. Based on immunohistochemical analysis of HIF-1α, VEGF and Flt-1 expressions, it was demonstrated that the dominant mode of angiogenesis is related to the local hypoxic condition, and that there is difference in the response of endothelial cells to hypoxia-induced VEGF between sprouting and splitting. Specifically, in the biomaterials implanted for 3 days, the higher expression and gradient of VEGF induced by severe hypoxia in the avascular area caused sprouting of the peripheral capillaries, and in the biomaterial implanted for 9 days, with moderate hypoxia, splitting became a dominant mode. Whether on day 3 or day 9, Flt-1 expression in sprouting endothelia was significantly higher than that in splitting endothelia, which indicates that sprouting is caused by the strong response of endothelial cells to VEGF, while splitting is associated with their weaker response. As a typical experimental example, these results show the effectiveness of the porous biomaterial implantation model for studying angiogenesis, which is expected to become a new general model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuihua Zhan
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, 8 Jixue Road, Suzhou, 215131, China.
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Angiogenic Factors produced by Hypoxic Cells are a leading driver of Anastomoses in Sprouting Angiogenesis-a computational study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8726. [PMID: 29880828 PMCID: PMC5992150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis - the growth of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vasculature - is key in both physiological processes and on several pathological scenarios such as cancer progression or diabetic retinopathy. For the new vascular networks to be functional, it is required that the growing sprouts merge either with an existing functional mature vessel or with another growing sprout. This process is called anastomosis. We present a systematic 2D and 3D computational study of vessel growth in a tissue to address the capability of angiogenic factor gradients to drive anastomosis formation. We consider that these growth factors are produced only by tissue cells in hypoxia, i.e. until nearby vessels merge and become capable of carrying blood and irrigating their vicinity. We demonstrate that this increased production of angiogenic factors by hypoxic cells is able to promote vessel anastomoses events in both 2D and 3D. The simulations also verify that the morphology of these networks has an increased resilience toward variations in the endothelial cell's proliferation and chemotactic response. The distribution of tissue cells and the concentration of the growth factors they produce are the major factors in determining the final morphology of the network.
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Su H, Xue G, Ye C, Wang Y, Zhao A, Huang N, Li J. The effect of anti-CD133/fucoidan bio-coatings on hemocompatibility and EPC capture. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:2066-2081. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1373989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoneng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changrong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ansha Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Liu C, Tsai AL, Li PC, Huang CW, Wu CC. Endothelial differentiation of bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells applicable to hypoxia and increased migration through Akt and NFκB signals. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:29. [PMID: 28173835 PMCID: PMC5296962 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are used to repair hypoxic or ischemic tissue. However, the underlining mechanism of resistance in the hypoxic microenvironment and the efficacy of migration to the injured tissue are still unknown. The current study aims to understand the hypoxia resistance and migration ability of MSCs during differentiation toward endothelial lineages by biochemical and mechanical stimuli. METHOD MSCs were harvested from the bone marrow of 6-8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The endothelial growth medium (EGM) was added to MSCs for 3 days to initiate endothelial differentiation. Laminar shear stress was used as the fluid mechanical stimulation. RESULTS Application of EGM facilitated the early endothelial lineage cells (eELCs) to express EPC markers. When treating the hypoxic mimetic desferrioxamine, both MSCs and eELCs showed resistance to hypoxia as compared with the occurrence of apoptosis in rat fibroblasts. The eELCs under hypoxia increased the wound closure and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) gene expression. Although the shear stress promoted eELC maturation and aligned cells parallel to the flow direction, their migration ability was not superior to that of eELCs either under normoxia or hypoxia. The eELCs showed higher protein expressions of CXCR4, phosphorylated Akt (pAkt), and endogenous NFκB and IκBα than MSCs under both normoxia and hypoxia conditions. The potential migratory signals were discovered by inhibiting either Akt or NFκB using specific inhibitors and revealed decreases of wound closure and transmigration ability in eELCs. CONCLUSION The Akt and NFκB pathways are important to regulate the early endothelial differentiation and its migratory ability under a hypoxic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - An-Ly Tsai
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Su J, Zhou H, Tao Y, Guo J, Guo Z, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Tang Y, Dong Q, Hu R. G-CSF protects human brain vascular endothelial cells injury induced by high glucose, free fatty acids and hypoxia through MAPK and Akt signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120707. [PMID: 25849550 PMCID: PMC4388714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to play a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke by mobilizing bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), promoting angiogenesis, and inhibiting apoptosis. Impairments in mobilization and function of the BM-derived EPCs have previously been reported in animal and human studies of diabetes where there is both reduction in the levels of the BM-derived EPCs and its ability to promote angiogenesis. This is hypothesized to account for the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications such as stroke. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of G-CSF on diabetes-associated cerebral vascular defect. We observed that pretreatment of the cultured human brain vascular endothelial cells (HBVECs) with G-CSF largely prevented cell death induced by the combination stimulus with high glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and hypoxia by increasing cell viability, decreasing apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. Cell ultrastructure measured by transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that G-CSF treatment nicely reduced combination stimulus-induced cell apoptosis. The results from fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM showed that G-CSF greatly suppressed the levels of intracellular calcium ions under combination stimulus. We also found that G-CSF enhanced the expression of cell cycle proteins such as human cell division cycle protein 14A (hCdc14A), cyclinB and cyclinE, inhibited p53 activity, and facilitated cell cycle progression following combination stimulus. In addition, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt, and deactivation of c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 were proved to be required for the pro-survival effects of G-CSF on HBVECs exposed to combination stimulus. Overall, G-CSF is capable of alleviating HBVECs injury triggered by the combination administration with high glucose, FFA and hypoxia involving the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Akt signaling cascades. G-CSF may represent a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Su
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Houguang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (RH)
| | - Yinghong Tao
- Department of General Medicine, Ouyang Hospital, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032,China
| | - Zhuangli Guo
- Department of Emergency Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Renming Hu
- Department of Endocrine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (RH)
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