Stephanou PS. Elucidating the rheological implications of adding particles in blood.
RHEOLOGICA ACTA 2021;
60:603-616. [PMID:
34334825 PMCID:
PMC8313244 DOI:
10.1007/s00397-021-01289-x]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED
In the past few decades, nanotechnology has been employed to provide breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases using drug-carrying particles (DCPs). In such an endeavor, the optimal design of DCPs is paramount, which necessitates the use of an accurate and trustworthy constitutive model in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulators. We herein introduce a continuum model for elaborating on the rheological implications of adding particles in blood. The model is developed using non-equilibrium thermodynamics to guarantee thermodynamic admissibility. Red blood cells are modeled as deformed droplets with a constant volume that are able to aggregate, whereas particles are considered rigid spheroids. The model predictions are compared favorably against rheological data for both spherical and non-spherical particles immersed in non-aggregating blood. It is expected that the use of this model will allow for the testing of DCPs in virtual patients and for their tailor-design in treating various diseases.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00397-021-01289-x.
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