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Zhang T, Liu CF, Zhang TN, Wen R, Song WL. Overexpression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1-α Protects Cardiomyocytes from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis. Inflammation 2021; 43:1806-1820. [PMID: 32529514 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is considered one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms in septic cardiomyopathy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) is critical for maintaining energy homeostasis in different organs and in various physiological and pathological states. It is also a key regulator gene in mitochondrial metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether regulation of the PGC-1α gene had protective effects on septic cardiomyopathy. We developed a rat model of septic cardiomyopathy. H9c2 myocardiocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and PGC-1α expression measured. PGC-1α-overexpressing lentivirus was used to transfect H9c2 cells. ZLN005 was used to activate PGC-1α. The effect of the inhibition of PGC-1α expression on myocardial cell injury and its underlying mechanisms were also explored. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. Mitochondrial damage was determined by measuring cellular ATP, reactive oxygen species, and the mitochondrial membrane potential. An apoptosis analysis kit was used to measure cellular apoptosis. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted and real-time PCR performed. LC3B, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFA), P62, Bcl2, and Bax were determined by immunofluorescence. LC3B, TFA, P62, Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1, and PGC-1α proteins were determined by Western blotting. We found mitochondrial damage and apoptotic cells in the myocardial tissue of rats with septic cardiomyopathy and in LPS-treated cardiomyocytes. PGC-1α expression was decreased in the late phase of septic cardiomyopathy and in LPS-treated cardiomyocytes. PGC-1α activation by ZLN005 and PGC-1α overexpression reduced apoptosis in myocardiocytes after LPS incubation. PGC-1α gene overexpression alleviated LPS-induced cardiomyocyte mitochondrial damage by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy functions. Our study indicated that mitochondrial damage and apoptosis occurred in septic cardiomyopathy and LPS-treated cardiomyocytes. The low expression level of PGC-1α protein may have contributed to this damage. By activating the expression of PGC-1α, apoptosis was reduced in cardiomyocytes. The underlying mechanism may be that PGC-1α can activate mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy functions, reducing mitochondrial damage and thereby reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Liang Song
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
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Ihler F, Freytag S, Kloos B, Spiegel JL, Haubner F, Canis M, Weiss BG, Bertlich M. Lipopolysaccharide decreases cochlear blood flow dose dependently in a guinea pig animal model via TNF signaling. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12681. [PMID: 33501679 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin on cochlear microcirculation, and its mode of action. METHODS Twenty-five Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were divided into five groups of five animals each. After surgical preparation, cochlear microcirculation was quantified by in vivo fluorescence microscopy. Placebo or LPS (1 mg, 10 µg, and 100 ng) was applied topically, and microcirculation was measured before and twice after application. A fifth group was pretreated with etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist, and afterward the lowest LPS concentrations that yielded significant results (10 µg) were applied. RESULTS In the groups that had been treated with 1 mg and 10 µg LPS, a significant drop in cochlear microcirculation was observed after 30 (.791 ± .089 Arbitrary Units (AU), compared to baseline, and .888 ± .071AU) and 60 (.756 ± .101 AU and .817 ± .124 AU, respectively) minutes. The groups that had been treated with 100 ng LPS and that had been pretreated with etanercept showed no significant change in cochlear blood flow compared to placebo. CONCLUSION Lipopolysaccharide shows a dose-dependent effect on cochlear microcirculation; this effect can already be observed after 30 min. Pretreatment with etanercept can abrogate this effect, indicating that TNF mediates the effect of LPS on cochlear microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Ihler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Benedikt Kloos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lee Spiegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard G Weiss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Mattis Bertlich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Wu Y, Yao YM, Lu ZQ. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets in sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:451-462. [PMID: 30788535 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated response to severe infection characterized by life-threatening organ failure and is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Multiple organ failure is the central characteristic of sepsis and is associated with poor outcome of septic patients. Ultrastructural damage to the mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction are reported in sepsis. Mitochondrial dysfunction with subsequent ATP deficiency, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and cytochrome c release are all considered to contribute to organ failure. Consistent mitochondrial dysfunction leads to reduced mitochondrial quality control capacity, which eliminates dysfunctional and superfluous mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial quality is controlled through a series of processes including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and transport processes. Several studies have indicated that multiple organ failure is ameliorated by restoring mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and is further amplified by defective quality control mechanisms. This review will focus on advances concerning potential mechanisms in regulating mitochondrial quality control and impacts of mitochondrial quality control on the progression of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China. .,College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
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