1
|
Choi DH, Han JG, Lee KH, Gi-Hong A. Promotion of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium growth by Penicillium citreonigrum. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:354-359. [PMID: 37929006 PMCID: PMC10621265 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2257430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Tricholoma matsutake has been the most valuable ectomycorrhizal fungi in Asia because of its unique flavor and taste. However, due to the difficulty of artificial cultivation, the cultivation of T. matsutake has relied on natural growth in forests. To cultivate the T. matsutake artificially, microorganisms in fairy rings were introduced. In this study, we isolated 30 fungal species of microfungi from the soil of fairy rings. Among them, one single fungal strain showed a promoting effect on the growth of T. matsutake. The growth effect was confirmed by measuring the growth area of T. matsutake and enzyme activities including α-amylase, cellulase, and β-glucosidase. In comparison with control, microfungal metabolite increased the growth area of T. matsutake by 213% and the enzyme activity of T. matsutake by 110-200%. The isolated fungal strain was identified as Penicillium citreonigrum by BLAST on the NCBI database. The Discovery of this microfungal strain is expected to contribute to artificial cultivation of T. matsutake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Ho Choi
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Han
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Kang-Hyo Lee
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - An Gi-Hong
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, Chungbuk, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Jin X, Yang L, He X, Wang X. Predictive Modeling Analysis for the Quality Indicators of Matsutake Mushrooms in Different Transport Environments. Foods 2023; 12:3372. [PMID: 37761081 PMCID: PMC10529095 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matsutake mushrooms, known for their high value, present challenges due to their seasonal availability, difficulties in harvesting, and short shelf life, making it crucial to extend their post-harvest preservation period. In this study, we developed three quality predictive models of Matsutake mushrooms using three different methods. The quality changes of Matsutake mushrooms were experimentally analyzed under two cases (case A: Temperature control and sealing measures; case B: Alteration of gas composition) with various parameters including the hardness, color, odor, pH, soluble solids content (SSC), and moisture content (MC) collected as indicators of quality changes throughout the storage period. Prediction models for Matsutake mushroom quality were developed using three different methods based on the collected data: multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), and an artificial neural network (ANN). The comparative results reveal that the ANN outperforms MLR and SVR as the optimal model for predicting Matsutake mushroom quality indicators. To further enhance the ANN model's performance, optimization techniques such as the Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian regularization, and scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation algorithm techniques were employed. The optimized ANN model achieved impressive results, with an R-Square value of 0.988 and an MSE of 0.099 under case A, and an R-Square of 0.981 and an MSE of 0.164 under case B. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of new preservation methods, contributing to the assurance of a high-quality supply of Matsutake mushrooms in the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangfeng Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.W.); (X.J.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinyi Jin
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.W.); (X.J.); (X.H.)
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Food Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, China;
| | - Xiang He
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.W.); (X.J.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiang Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.W.); (X.J.); (X.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang MJ, Bae EK, Park EJ, Ka KH, Son MR, Kim KT, Lee JW. Draft Genome Sequence for the Symbiotic Pine Mushroom Tricholoma matsutake. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023:e0127122. [PMID: 37133359 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01271-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the high-quality genome sequence of Tricholoma matsutake strain 2001, which was isolated from a mushroom fruiting body in South Korea. The genome has 80 contigs, a size of 162.6 Mb, and an N50 value of 5,103,859 bp and will provide insight into the symbiotic association between T. matsutake and Pinus densiflora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kang
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Jun Park
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyeon Ka
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Son
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jei-Wan Lee
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aoki W, Bergius N, Kozlan S, Fukuzawa F, Okuda H, Murata H, Ishida TA, Vaario LM, Kobayashi H, Kalmiş E, Fukiharu T, Gisusi S, Matsushima KI, Terashima Y, Narimatsu M, Matsushita N, Ka KH, Yu F, Yamanaka T, Fukuda M, Yamada A. New findings on the fungal species <i>Tricholoma matsutake</i> from Ukraine, and revision of its taxonomy and biogeography based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses. MYCOSCIENCE 2022; 63:197-214. [PMID: 37090201 PMCID: PMC10033251 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Matsutake mushrooms are among the best-known edible wild mushroom taxa worldwide. The representative Tricholoma matsutake is from East Asia and the northern and central regions of Europe. Here, we report the existence of T. matsutake under fir trees in Eastern Europe (i.e., Ukraine), as confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of nine loci on the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. All specimens from Japan, Bhutan, China, North Korea, South Korea, Sweden, Finland, and Ukraine formed a T. matsutake clade according to the phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer region. The European population of T. matsutake was clustered based on the β2 tubulin gene, with a moderate bootstrap value. In contrast, based on analyses of three loci, i.e., rpb2, tef1, and the β2 tubulin gene, T. matsutake specimens sampled from Bhutan and China belonged to a clade independent of the other specimens of this species, implying a genetically isolated population. As biologically available type specimens of T. matsutake have not been designated since its description as a new species from Japan in 1925, we established an epitype of this fungus, sampled in a Pinus densiflora forest in Nagano, Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Aoki
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lu-Min Vaario
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki
| | | | - Erbil Kalmiş
- Ministry of Industry and Technology, Izmir Branch
| | | | - Seiki Gisusi
- Forest Products Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization
| | - Ken-ichi Matsushima
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | | | | | | | | | - Fuqiang Yu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Takashi Yamanaka
- Tohoku Research Center, Forest Research and Management Organization
| | - Masaki Fukuda
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang GL, Li JY, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wen QL. Extraction, Structure and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito et Imai) Singer (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Wen X, Geng F, Xu Y, Li X, Liu D, Liu Z, Luo Z, Wang J. Quantitative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the changes in Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies during cold storage. Food Chem 2022; 381:132292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
7
|
Li C, Xu S. Edible mushroom industry in China: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3949-3955. [PMID: 35622125 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
China is one of the largest producers and exporters of wild edible fungi in the world. Cultivation mushroom production value ranks within the top five after grain, vegetable, fruit, and edible oil plantation, greater than sugar, cotton, and tobacco business. More than 40 new varieties of high market value mushrooms from our group were highlighted in this article. Mushroom cultivations have a high impact on China's poverty alleviation program, with earnings at least ten times higher than rice and corn. The products were exported to 137 countries and regions, mainly to Japan, South Korea, ASEAN, the USA, and the European Union, among these, Japan is the biggest import market for cultivated mushrooms from China. Rapid development in the market and an increased demand for edible fungi generally enhance the economy of domestic edible fungi. We are the leading research group in logical farm design that is HACCP-certified to reduce the cost of investment for agriculture, thus broadening the consumption market of edible mushrooms and forming a demand-oriented leading industry for the promotion of human health. The enterprise needs to re-examine the operation plan and the strategic thinking to improve the fundamental drivers based on the available resources of the locality. Mushrooms growing intergrate with upgraded technologies and equipment to become smart agriculture which have smart production and intelligent factories. The purpose of suitable products will not change: delicious, nutritious, healthy, and modern. KEY POINTS: • Cultivation mushroom production value ranks within the top five after grain, vegetable, fruit, and edible oil plantation, greater than sugar, cotton, and tobacco business. • Mushroom cultivations have a high impact on China's poverty alleviation program, with earnings at least ten times higher than rice and corn. • The development of transportation and industrialization of mushrooms facilitate the modernization of mushroom industry in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changtian Li
- Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shuai Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fungal–Bacterial Networks in the Habitat of SongRong (Tricholoma matsutake) and Driving Factors of Their Distribution Rules. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060575. [PMID: 35736058 PMCID: PMC9225054 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil origin, mycorrhizal plant partners and environmental factors affect the growth and development of SongRong (Tricholoma matsutake). In order to clarify the relationships of fungi–bacteria networks and various influence factors in the habitat of SongRong, we chose three collection sites with a Quercus mongolica pure forest (plot A without SongRong was used as the control sample site), Q. mongolica mixed Rhododendron dauricum (plot B) and Q. mongolica mixed with R. dauricum and Pinus densiflora (plot C). By using high-throughput sequencing, we obtained a total of 4930 fungal and 55501 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) based on internally transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing via the Illumina NovaSeq platform. In the habitat soil of SongRong (plot B and plot C), alpha or beta diversity and species compositions of fungi and bacteria were different from plot A. The fungal–bacterial networks follow the selection rule that few dominant genera account for the greater relative abundance. Forest types, but not the host itself, drove the fungal–bacterial networks of the forest soil, and soil physicochemical characteristics and texture affected their abundance. The abundance of Tricholoma was affected by the fungal and bacterial abundance in the habitat.
Collapse
|
9
|
Herrera M, Wang R, Zhang P, Yu FQ. The ectomycorrhizal association of Tricholoma matsutake and two allied species, T. bakamatsutake and T. fulvocastaneum, with native hosts in subtropical China. Mycologia 2022; 114:303-318. [PMID: 35358019 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2025563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate identification of edible ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushrooms and their host trees in nature is key to commercial production for consumption. For the first time we describe the ectomycorrhizal association of the three most common species of edible matsutake mushrooms with their native host trees in Yunnan Province in China. We collected ECM samples from three different localities in subtropical forests known to be highly productive areas of Tricholoma. Additionally, we collected basidiomata of Tricholoma from the field and markets in Yunnan. ECM samples were analyzed using morphological and molecular methods. We conducted phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and analyzed the intergenic spacer of cpDNA psbA-trnH to identify basidiomata and plant hosts, respectively. Three species of Tricholoma were identified: T. bakamatsutake, T. fulvocastaneum, and T. matsutake. Four ECM associations in the study area were detected: Tricholoma bakamatsutake + Castanopsis tibetana, T. fulvocastaneum + C. tibetana, T. fulvocastaneum + Pinus yunnanensis, and T. matsutake + P. yunnanensis. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the ECM associations are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Herrera
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.,Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022
| | - Ran Wang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Yu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thomas PW, Vazquez LB. A novel approach to combine food production with carbon sequestration, biodiversity and conservation goals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151301. [PMID: 34743815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Land use conflict is a major contributor to unsustainable deforestation rates, with agriculture being the primary driver. Demand for agricultural output is forecast to increase for years to come and the associated deforestation is a key driver in global declines of biodiversity. Moreover, deforestation is contributing to instability of agricultural production systems and reduces our ability to mitigate anthropogenically driven climate change. There is urgency in reducing this land use conflict and the cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) may provide a partial solution. As an example, here we focus on Lactarius indigo, an edible and historically appreciated species with distribution in the Neotropics and Nearctic. Exploring the geographic spread and associated climate preferences, we describe how cultivation of this species can be combined with forest-based biodiversity and conservation goals. Detailing a full methodology, including mycelium production and how to create trees that may produce the fungus, we explore potential benefits. Combing data from the emerging field of EMF cultivation with nutritional studies, we show that a protein production of 7.31 kg per hectare should be possible, exceeding that of extensive pastoral beef production. In contrast to commercial agriculture, L. indigo cultivation may enhance biodiversity, contribute to conservational goals and create a net sink of greenhouse gases whilst at the same time producing a similar or higher level of protein per unit area than the most common agriculture use of deforested land. With such startling and clear benefits, we call for urgent action to further the development of such novel food production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Thomas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, UK; Mycorrhizal Systems Ltd, Lancashire PR25 2SD, UK.
| | - Luis-Bernardo Vazquez
- Ecology, Landscape and Sustainability Group, TAO, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Zhou Y, El-Seedi HR, Xu B. Insights into health promoting effects and myochemical profiles of pine mushroom Tricholoma matsutake. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5698-5723. [PMID: 34985354 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2023857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tricholoma matsutake (TM) is a valuable edible mushroom that has attracted increasing attention due to its potential medicinal values and functional uses. However, the chemical composition and molecular mechanisms behinds TM are not specifically summarized yet. Hence, this review aims to systematically analyze the research progress on the characterization of chemical compositions and the reported health effects of TM in the last 20 years. The myochemical profiles of TM consist of proteins with amino acids, fatty acids, nucleic acids with their derivatives, polysaccharides, minerals, volatile components, phenolic compounds, and steroids. The bioactive substances in TM exert their health effects mainly by regulating body immunity and restoring the balance of the redox system. NF-κB signaling pathway and its downstream cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 are the key molecular mechanisms. In addition, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and JAK-STAT are also involved. NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt are also highly related to cancer regulation and thus TM has great anticancer potential. Considering that most studies have only investigated the dosage and inhibition rate of TM on cancer cell lines, more extensive studies need to focus on the specific molecular mechanisms behind these anticancer effects in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- BNU-HKBU United International College, Food Science and Technology Program, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Baojun Xu
- BNU-HKBU United International College, Food Science and Technology Program, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou J, Gui H, Yang S, Yang X, Shi L. Fungal Interactions Matter: Tricholoma matsutake Domination Affect Fungal Diversity and Function in Mountain Forest Soils. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1051. [PMID: 34681150 PMCID: PMC8533266 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tricholoma matsutake forms a symbiotic association with coniferous trees, developing mycelial aggregations, called 'shiro', which are characterized by distinct chemical and physical properties from nearby forest bulk soil. The fungal diversity living in shiro soil play key roles in nutrient cycles for this economically important mushroom, but have not been profiled across large spatial and environmental gradients. Samples of shiro and non-shiro (nearby bulk soil) were taken from five field sites where sporocarps naturally formed. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were combined to identify fungal biomass and community structure. Matsutake dominated in the shiro, which had a significantly reduced saprotrophic fungi biomass compared to non-shiro soil. Fungal diversity was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of T. matsutake in the shiro soil. The fungal community in the shiro was characterized by similar fungal species composition in most samples regardless of forest types. Matsutake coexisted with a specific fungal community due to competition or nutrient interactions. Oidiodendron was positively correlated with the abundance of T. matsutake, commonly cohabitant in the shiro. In contrast, Helotiales and Mortierella were negatively correlated with T. matsutake, both of which commonly inhabit the non-shiro soil but do not occur in shiro soils. We conclude that T. matsutake generate a dominance effect to shape the fungal community and diversity in shiro soil across distinctive forest types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Department of Crop Science, Georg August University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Heng Gui
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming 650201, China;
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Shujiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, China;
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
- Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang 674100, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Department of Crop Science, Georg August University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.Z.); (L.S.)
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming 650201, China;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang S, Bai X, Ren LY, Sun HH, Tang HP, Vaario LM, Xu J, Zhang YJ. Dynamic evolution of eukaryotic mitochondrial and nuclear genomes: a case study in the gourmet pine mushroom Tricholoma matsutake. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7214-7230. [PMID: 34587365 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungi, as eukaryotic organisms, contain two genomes, the mitochondrial genome and the nuclear genome, in their cells. How the two genomes evolve and correlate to each other is debated. Herein, taking the gourmet pine mushroom Tricholoma matsutake as an example, we performed comparative mitogenomic analysis using samples collected from diverse locations and compared the evolution of the two genomes. The T. matsutake mitogenome encodes 49 genes and is rich of repetitive and non-coding DNAs. Six genes were invaded by up to 11 group I introns, with one cox1 intron cox1P372 showing presence/absence dynamics among different samples. Bioinformatic analyses suggested limited or no evidence of mitochondrial heteroplasmy. Interestingly, hundreds of mitochondrial DNA fragments were found in the nuclear genome, with several larger than 500 nt confirmed by PCR assays and read count comparisons, indicating clear evidence of transfer of mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genome. Nuclear DNA of T. matsutake showed a higher mutation rate than mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, we found evidence of incongruence between phylogenetic trees derived from mitogenome and nuclear DNA sequences. Together, our results reveal the dynamic genome evolution of the gourmet pine mushroom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Li-Yuan Ren
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hui-Hui Sun
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hui-Ping Tang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Lu-Min Vaario
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Distinct Compartmentalization of Microbial Community and Potential Metabolic Function in the Fruiting Body of Tricholoma matsutake. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080586. [PMID: 34436125 PMCID: PMC8397075 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The uniquely compartmentalized fruiting body structure of the ectomycorrhizal fungus (EMF) Tricholoma matsutake, is a hotspot of microbial habitation and interaction. However, microbial diversity within this microniche structure of the EMF is rarely investigated. Furthermore, there is limited information concerning microbiomes associated with sporomes belonging to the ubiquitous fungal phylum Basidiomycota, particularly with respect to fungus-EMF interactions. In this study, we conducted high throughput sequencing, using ITS (fungal) and 16S rRNA (bacterial) marker genes to characterize and compare fruiting body microbiomes in the outer (pileipellis and stipitipellis) and inner layers (pileum context, stipe context, and lamellae) of the fruiting body of T. matsutake. Our results show the number of unique bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) among the different compartments ranged from 410 to 499 and was more than double that of the shared/common OTUs (235). Micrococcales, Bacillales, Caulobacter, and Sphingomonas were the primary significant bacterial taxa within the different compartments of the dissected T. matsutake fruiting body. Non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance showed significant compartmental differences for both the bacterial and the fungal community structure within the T. matsutake fruiting body. The metabolic profiling revealed putative metabolisms (of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides) and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites to be highly enriched in outer layers; in the inner parts, the metabolisms of energy, cofactors, vitamins, and lipids were significantly higher. This study demonstrates for the first time the distinct compartmentalization of microbial communities and potential metabolic function profiles in the fruiting body of an economically important EMF T. matsutake.
Collapse
|
16
|
Horimai Y, Misawa H, Suzuki K, Tateishi Y, Furukawa H, Yamanaka T, Yamashita S, Takayama T, Fukuda M, Yamada A. Spore germination and ectomycorrhizae formation of Tricholoma matsutake on pine root systems with previously established ectomycorrhizae from a dikaryotic mycelial isolate of T. matsutake. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:335-347. [PMID: 33761015 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In vitro ectomycorrhizal synthesis of Tricholoma matsutake with host plants has been widely conducted to elucidate fungal symbiotic properties for future cultivation practices. Here, we report on the importance of basidiospore inocula for this fungus to provide ectomycorrhizal seedlings in vitro. Ectomycorrhizal pine seedlings synthesized in vitro with cultured mycelium of T. matsutake (isolate #45 or #84) in a 250-mL culture vessel (soil volume) were transplanted to a large 1-L culture vessel. Fresh basidiospores of this fungus were aseptically inoculated on the ectomycorrhizal root system. The ectomycorrhizal seedlings in the 1-L vessel were grown for 9 months, and some plants were further grown for 6 more months under non-aseptic conditions in 4.1-L jars. The ectomycorrhizal seedlings previously inoculated with isolate #84 in the 1-L vessel showed significant ectomycorrhizal biomass (mycorrhizal root length) after spore inoculation. The ectomycorrhizal seedlings in the 4.1-L vessel showed large shiro structures (> 10 cm in diameter). PCR amplification of intergenic spacer 1 of the rRNA gene and long terminal repeat retroelement of T. matsutake in ectomycorrhizal root tips in both the 1-L vessels and 4.1-L jars revealed the presence of amplicons of the previously inoculated culture isolate of T. matsutake and the new genet(s) that established via germination of the inoculated basidiospores. This is the first report that inoculated basidiospores of T. matsutake germinated and colonized the host root to generate ectomycorrhizae in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Horimai
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Minami-minowa, 8304399-4598, Japan
| | - Hiroki Misawa
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Minami-minowa, 8304399-4598, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Minami-minowa, 8304399-4598, Japan
| | - Yu Tateishi
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Minami-minowa, 8304399-4598, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Minami-minowa, 8304399-4598, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Furukawa
- Nagano Prefectural Forest Research Center, Kataoka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0711, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamanaka
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaki Fukuda
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Minami-minowa, 8304399-4598, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Minami-minowa, 8304399-4598, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yamada
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Minami-minowa, 8304399-4598, Japan.
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano, Minami-minowa, 8304399-4598, Japan.
- Division of Mountain Ecosystem, Institute for Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Nagano, Minami-minowa, 8304399-4598, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guerin-Laguette A. Successes and challenges in the sustainable cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi – furthering the dream. MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:10-28. [PMID: 37090021 PMCID: PMC9157773 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) has made great progress since the first cultivation of Tuber melanosporum in 1977 but remains in its infancy. Five cultivation steps are required: (1) mycorrhizal synthesis, (2) mycorrhiza development and acclimation, (3) out-planting of mycorrhizal seedlings, (4) onset of fructification, and (5) performing tree orchards. We provide examples of successes and challenges associated with each step, including fruiting of the prestigious chanterelles in Japan recently. We highlight the challenges in establishing performing tree orchards. We report on the monitoring of two orchards established between Lactarius deliciosus (saffron milk cap) and pines in New Zealand. Saffron milk caps yields reached 0.4 and 1100 kg/ha under Pinus radiata and P. sylvestris 6 and 9 y after planting, respectively. Canopy closure began under P. radiata 7 y after planting, followed by a drastic reduction of yields, while P. sylvestris yields still hovered at 690 to 780 kg/ha after 11 y, without canopy closure. The establishment of full-scale field trials to predict yields is crucial to making the cultivation of EMF a reality in tomorrow's cropping landscape. Sustainable EMF cultivation utilizing trees in non-forested land could contribute to carbon storage, while providing revenue and other ecosystem services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Guerin-Laguette
- Microbial Systems for Plant Protection, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effects of imidazole-4-carboxamide and 2-azahypoxanthine on the growth and ectomycorrhizal colonization of Pinus densiflora seedlings inoculated with Tricholoma matsutake. MYCOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|