Purification and characterization of low molecular weight alkali stable xylanase from Neosartorya spinosa UZ-2-11

A multifaceted enzyme conspicuous in fruit juice clarification: An elaborate review on xylanase

Xylanase enzyme has been classified as an enzyme belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family. The catalytic action of xylanase is focused on the degradation of xylan, a substrate for this enzyme comprising of a complex arrangement of monosaccharides interlinked with the help of ester and glycosidic bonds. Xylan represents the second most profuse renewable polysaccharide present on earth. Breakage of the β- 1, 4-glycoside linkage in the xylan polymer is what makes xylanase enzyme an important biocatalyst favoring various applications including treatment of pulp for improving paper quality, improvement of bread quality, treatment of lignocelluloses waste, production of xylose sugar and production of biological fuels. Most recently, xylanase has been exploited in the food industry for the purpose of fruit juice clarification. Turbidity caused by the colloidal polysaccharides present in the freshly squeezed fruit juice poses a setback to the fruit juice industry since the commercial product must be clear and free of excess polysaccharides to improve juice quality and storage life. This review gives an overview of the recent advancements made in regards to xylanase enzyme being used commercially with main focus on its role in fruit juice clarification.

Beauveria bassiana Xylanase: Characterization and Wastepaper Deinking Potential of a Novel Glycosyl Hydrolase from an Endophytic Fungal Entomopathogen

Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus widely used as a biopesticide for insect control; it has also been shown to exist as an endophyte, promoting plant growth in many instances. This study highlights an alternative potential of the fungus; in the production of an industrially important biocatalyst, xylanase. In this regard, Beauveria bassiana SAN01 xylanase was purified to homogeneity and subsequently characterized. The purified xylanase was found to have a specific activity of 324.2 U·mg⁻¹ and an estimated molecular mass of ~37 kDa. In addition, it demonstrated optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 45 °C while obeying Michaelis–Menton kinetics towards beechwood xylan with apparent K_m, V_max and k_cat of 1.98 mg·mL⁻¹, 6.65 μM·min⁻¹ and 0.62 s⁻¹ respectively. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Ag²⁺ and Fe³⁺ while it was significantly enhanced by Co²⁺ and Mg²⁺. Furthermore, the xylanase was shown to effectively deink wastepaper at an optimal rate of 106.72% through its enzymatic disassociation of the fiber-ink bonds as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. This is the first study to demonstrate the biotechnological application of a homogeneously purified glycosyl hydrolase from B. bassiana.

One-pot surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles using phase-transitioned lysozyme for robust immobilization of enzymes

Enzymes were one-pot immobilized between Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and a phase-transitioned lysozyme film, providing a new strategy for enzyme immobilization.